207 a. For 9.5 mm or Wearing I mixes – 0.012 inch
b.For 12.5 mm mixes – 0.016 inch iv. The Engineer will determine if the pavement is defective as specified in Section 410.7.3.3. 410.7.3.2 -Test Section : If the macrotexture tests identify unacceptable pattern segregation, then:
i.Immediately suspend placing the asphalt course. Evaluate the cause of pattern segregation according to the Paving Operation QC Plan. Provide proposed corrective actions to the Engineer and do not resume placing the asphalt course until after the Engineer reviews the proposed corrective actions and authorizes paving to continue. ii. Determine if the pattern segregation resulted in defective pavement as specified in iii. After the Engineer allows paving to resume, place a test section not to exceed 200 tons. If the corrective actions do not eliminate observed pattern segregation, the Department will suspend paving, even if it is before the Contractor places the entire test section. Propose additional corrective actions and construct another test section. Resume normal paving operations after constructing an entire test section without pattern segregation as determined by the Engineer. 410.7.3.3 -Defective Pavement : At lo cations selected by the Engineer and with the Engineer present, drill three six (6) inch diameter cores from the area of pattern segregation and three cores from the pavement representing a non-segregated area. Do not compress, bend, or distort samples during cutting and handling and immediately provide the cores to the Inspector. The Inspector will transport cores to the producer’s laboratory. With the Engineer present, test the cores at the plant for density, asphalt content, and gradation. Additional cores and/or additional testing as per MP 401.07.24 Measuring Pavement Macrotexture Depth can be used to further evaluate the pavement. An area of pattern segregation contains defective pavement if:
a.the summation of absolute deviations from any two sieves is 20% or more from the JMF;
b.the core density is defective, the mixture is defective in asphalt content;
c.or the mixture is defective for percent passing the 75 μm (No. 200) sieve. The core density is defective, or the cores are defective for asphalt content or gradation of the 75 μm (No. 200) sieve if the PWL is less than 55 as determined in accordance with MP 401.13.50 and based on three samples (n=3). Remove and replace the full width of the affected lane and a minimum of five ( 5) feet beyond each end of the area with unacceptable pattern segregation. Construct replacement pavement conforming to the appropriate surface tolerances. 410.7.4 -Flushing: Provide a mix that will not flush. Fl ushing is continuous or repeated areas of excessive asphalt on the pavement surface. The Division may recognize flushing until the Division approves the project through final inspection. The Division will address flushing as follows: 208 410.7.4.1 -Evaluating Flushing: When the Engineer observes flushing, then:
i.The Engineer will immediately notify the Contractor of the observed flushing. ii. The Contractor may continue work at its own risk while it immediately and continually adjusts the operation to eliminate flushing from future work. iii. In the presence of the Engineer, determine the average depth of pavement surface macrotexture according to MP 401.07.24 in areas of suspected flushing. If the average texture depth is less than or equal to 0.006 inches, then the pavement will be considered to be flushed and is defective. 410.7.4.2 -Test Section: If the macrotexture tests identify flushing, then:
i.Immediately suspend placing the paving course. Evaluate the cause of flushing according to the Paving Operation QC Plan and as directed. Provide proposed corrective actions to the Engineer and do not resume placing the paving course until after the Engineer reviews the proposed corrective actions and authorizes paving to continue. ii. Remove and replace the defective wearing course at no cost to the Division for the full width of the affected lane and a minimum of five ( 5) feet beyond each end of the area of defective wearing course. Construct replacement wearing course conforming to the appropriate surface tolerances. iii. After the Engineer allows paving to resume, place a test section not to exceed 200 tons. If the corrective actions do not eliminate observed flushing, the Division will suspend paving even if it is before the Contractor places the entire test section. Propose additional corrective actions and construct another test section. Resume normal paving operations after constructing an entire test section without flushing as determined by the Engineer. 410.8 : Blank 410.9 -EQUIPMENT : 410.9.1 -Plants: All plants shall meet the general requirements set forth in AASHTO M156 unless it can be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Engineer that a consistent quality mix can be produced with modifications to any of these requirements. All plants in West Virginia producing asphalt for the Division shall provide docu mented evidence of compliance with current requirements of the West Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission. All plants which are not in West Virginia but producing asphalt for the West Virginia Division of Highways shall provide documented evidence of compliance with current requirements of the laws and regulations of the State in which they are producing, applicable to air pollution. 410.9.2 -Dust Collector: An efficient dust collecting system shall be provided to prevent the loss of fine material. The material collected may be returned to the mixture at a uniform rate or discarded. 410.9.3 -Truck Scales: Truck scales shall be provided at each Plant, except that truck scales are not required at properly calibrated automatic batching plan t facilities which are equipped with digital printout equipment, and which load the trucks directly from the mixer or the weigh hopper in a surge or storage silo. 209 A person designated as a weigher shall be provided by the producer. The weigher shall certify that the weight of the asphalt, as determined either by the truck scales or from the digital printout of the batch weights, is correct. Each truck shall be weighed empty prior to each load, except at automatic batch plants approved to operate wit hout truck scales. All truck scales shall be mounted on solid foundations which will insure them remaining plumb and level. Approval and sealing of scales shall be conducted at the frequency determined by the West Virginia Division of Labor, Bureau of Weights and Measures, and when the plant is moved, or upon the request of the Engineer. The Engineer shall be notified of any scale malfunctions when material is being furnished to Division of Highways projects. The Division may, at its option, accept inspection and sealing by out-of-state agencies when the mixing plant is located outside West Virginia. A digital recorder shall be required on all truck scales. The digital recorder shall produce a printed record of the gross, tare and net weights, and the time, date, truck identification, and project number. Provision shall be made for constant zero compensation and further provision shall be made so that the scales may not be manually manipulated during the printing process. The system shall be interlocked so as to allow printing only when the scale has come to rest. In case of breakdown of the automatic equipment, the Engineer may permit manual operation for a reasonable time, normally not to exceed 48 hours, while the equipment is being repaired. The scales shall be of sufficient size and capacity to weigh the loaded trucks that are used for delivery of asphalt from the plant. 410.9.4 -Test Weights: As part of its standard equipment, each plant which proportions aggregate by weight shall provide a minimum of ten 50 -pound test weights for the purpose of verifying the continued accuracy of its weighing equipment. Plants which proportion asphalt material by weight shall furnish, in addition to the above, one five p ound test weight. 410.9.5 -Surge and Storage Silos: During the normal daily operation of the plant, asphalt may be stored in a surge or storage silo for a maximum of 6 hours, provided the silo has received prior evaluation and acceptance through the Dis trict plant inspection. The resulting temperature of the material at time of placement and compaction shall be sufficient to comply with subsection 410.10.1. 410.9.6 -Inspection of Equipment and Plant Operations: The Engineer shall have access to the plant to assure the adequacy of the equipment in use, to inspect the conditions and operation of the plant, to verify weights, to verify the proportion and character of materials, and to determine if specified temperatures are being maintained in the p reparation of the mixture. 410.9.7 -Trucks for Transporting Mixture: The use of diesel fuel, kerosene, or similar solvent -based products which can dissolve the asphalt film from the aggregate particles will not be permitted for use as a release agent. A ny commercial release agent which is certified as harmless to the mix may be used; however, the Division reserves the right to restrict any release agent that is shown to cause problems during placement of the mix. All excess release agent shall be removed from the truck bed prior to loading the asphalt. 210 All truck beds shall be insulated with approved material. No trucks shall be used which cause segregation of the materials, which show large oil leaks, or which cause undue delays in delivery of material . All trucks shall be provided with a waterproof cover and a hole in the body for the purpose of conveniently checking the temperature of the load. Covers shall be suspended slightly above the mixture, shall extend over the sides of the truck, and shall be securely fastened to eliminate air infiltration and to prevent water from coming in contact with the mixture. 410.9.8 -Laboratory: A testing facility or laboratory, as described below, shall be provided within reasonable proximity of the asphalt plant. Plant operations must be visible from within the laboratory. The laboratory shall be of sufficient size to hold all laboratory test equipment and supplies with adequate floor space to allow the technicians to test samples in an efficient manner. T he laboratory shall be furnished and maintained with adequate ventilation, heat, light, water, sink and drainage, electrical or gas outlets, or both, work table, shelves, and supply cabinets. The laboratory shall be supplied with the equipment and materials listed below and these shall be maintained to meet the applicable requirements of AASHTO or ASTM:
i.Hot plate, gas or electric. ii. Large ovens (as needed for heating and drying samples), gas or electric. iii. Unit weight container, ½ cubic foot. Required for slag only. iv. Balances of sufficient capacity and accuracy for conducting specified tests and plant calibration.
v.Thermometers: dial type, liquid -in-glass, and digital as required for conducting standard test procedures and monitoring mix temperatures. Digital thermometers shall be equipped with an appropriate sturdy probe that can be pushed into a sample of hot asphalt to check the temperature of the mix. vi. Ro-Tap Sieve shaker or equivalent, with eight ( 8) and/or twelve ( 12) inch diameter screens. vii. Sample splitters for fine and coarse aggregates. viii. Miscellaneous items (including sample splitting trowels, scoops, square point shovel, aggregate sample pans, heat resistant gloves, measuring rules, brushes, flashlight, timing devices, and glassware as needed). ix. Expendable supplies necessary for performance of tests.
x.Equipment for determining the maximum specific gravity of asphalt mixtures as specified in AASHTO T209. xi. Non-contact infrared thermometer accurate to ± 2°F. xii. Equipment for determining the bulk specific gravity of asphalt mixtures using saturated surface dry specimens complying with AASHTO T166. xiii. Marshall equipment necessary to comply with AASHTO T245 and ASTM D5581, including a calibrated automatic testing apparatus having recording capabilities and compaction hammers. (Marshall designs only) xiv. Asphalt content ignition oven with built -in scale and printer meeting the requirements of AASHTO T308, Test Method A. xv. Calibrated Gyratory compactor meeting requirement of AASHTO T312 with computer (including software for data acquisition and test calculations) and printer. Compactor must be calibrated to the internal angle in accordance with AASHTO TP71 with annual verification (Superpave designs only). 211 410.9.9 -Asphalt Paving Equipment: Asphalt paving equipment shall be self -contained and of sufficient size, power, and stability to receive, distribute and strike -off the asphalt mixture at rates and widths commensurate with the typical sections and other details shown on the plans. The paver shall be provided with an activated screed or strike -off assembly equipped to be heated. Approval of the paver by the Engineer will be based on the demonstrated capability of the equipment to place the mixture to the required cross -section, profile, and alignment in an acceptable, finished condition r eady for compaction. The paver shall be equipped with means of preventing the segregation of the coarse aggregate particles when moving the mixture from the paver hopper to the paver augers. It shall also be capable of pushing a sufficient amount of the mixture under the auger gearbox to prevent streaking or tearing of the mat. Some paver models may require the installation of a manufacturer retrofit kit or equipment modification to accomplish this. Specialized equipment or hand methods approved by the Engineer may be employed to spread the asphalt mixture where the use of standard full -scale paver is impractical due to the size or irregularity of the area to be paved. Pavers shall be equipped with mechanical or automatic grade and slope controls. The use of automatic grade and slope controls with a traveling straight edge shall be required only when specified on the Plans or in the Proposal. Both the grade and slope controls shall be in working order at all times. In the event of failure of the automatic controls, the Contractor will be permitted to finish the day's work using manual controls but will not be allowed to resume work the following day until the grade and slope controls are in proper working order. 410.9.10 -Compaction Equipment: Compaction may be performed by self -propelled steel-wheeled, pneumatic -tired and/or vibratory rollers. Hand -held rollers or vibrating plates may be used in small inaccessible areas if approved by the Engineer. Prior to use on any project, the roller shall be inspected to see that it is in good mechanical condition. The total weight, weight per inch of width (steel -wheeled), and average ground contact pressure (pneumatic -tired) shall be documented.
410.10 Paving Operations :
410.10.1 Spreading and Finishing: Before spreading any material, the contact surfaces
of curbs, gutters, manholes, and of adjacent Portland cement concrete pavement edges shall be painted or sealed with asphalt material. Exact edge of pavement, except on concrete, shall be established by a string or chalk line for a distance of not less than 500 feet ahead of the spreading operation. For projects where the existing pavement was mill ed prior to the placement of new asphalt, the edge of pavement shall be the edge of milled section. For mixes produced with neat (non -modified) asphalts (which may include PG 64H - 22, PG 64S -22, PG 58H -28, and PG 58S -28) the temperature of the mixture at the time of placement shall be within the temperature requirements of the JMF. The JMF temperature range shall be the liquid asphalt supplier’s specified mixing temperature ±45°F with a maximum mixing temperature of 338°F. Additional allowances will be made for water injection processes with a minimum mixing temperature of 220°F. The mix temperature shall be monitored by inserting a thermometer into the mix through the hole in the truck bed. The temperature of the completed mix, when measured at the plant, shall be within the tolerance as established by the JMF. The first load which demonstrates temperatures outside of that range shall be accepted, provided that the temperature is still within the master temperature range. No additional loads of material shall be run out until necessary steps are
Source: West Virginia Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2023 Edition. Pages 223–227 of 1,006.