299 certain areas, ensure that the method of sprinkling will not form mud or pools of freestanding water. Correct soft or yielding subbase areas prior to placement of RCC as specified in Section 6.1 above. 514.9.2-Adverse Weather Conditions: 514.9.2.1-Cold Weather Precautions: Employ cold weather precautions as detailed in Section 601.9.1 of the Specifications. Stop placement operations when the air temperature falls below 40°F and is declining. Start operations only if the air temperature rises above 35°F and is elevating. If the air temperature is expected to fall below 40°F at some time during construction, and if the Contractor plans to place RCC during that time, the Contractor shall advise the Division of his plans for cold weather curing and protecting the RCC. The Division may, at any time, require the Contractor to provide additional protection to cause the provisions of this specification to be met. 514.9.2.2-Hot Weather Precautions : Employ hot weather precautions as detailed in Section 601.9.2 of t he Specification. During periods of hot weather or windy conditions, take special precautions to minimize moisture loss due to evaporation. Cooling of aggregate stockpiles by shading or the use of a fine mist may be required. Protective covers may be req uired on dump trucks. Keep the surface of the newly placed RCC pavement continuously moist. The Engineer may decrease the allowable time, specified in Section 514. 10.1, between mixing and the completion of compaction when the ambient temperature exceed s 90°F or during windy conditions. In no event shall RCC be placed when its temperature at any time after the completion of mixing exceeds 90°F. 514.9.2.3-Rain Limitations: Conduct no placement of RCC pavement during rain conditions sufficient to be detrimental to the finished product. Placement may continue during light rain or mists provided the surface of the RCC pavement is not eroded or damaged in any way. Use dump truck covers during these periods. The WVDOH may terminate paving at any time w hen, in the WVDOH judgment, the rain is detrimental to the finished product. 514.9.3-Paver Requirements : Place all RCC with an approved paver as specified in 514.9.3.1-Filling the Pa ver: Do not allow the quantity of RCC material in the paver to approach empty between loads. Maintain the material above the auger at all times during paving. 514.9.3.2-Stopping the Paver : Ensure that the paver proceeds in a steady, continuous operation with minimal starts and stops, except to begin a new lane. Maximum paver speed during laydown is ten (10) feet per minute. Higher paver speeds may be allowed at the discretion of the WVD OH if the higher speeds may be obtained without distress to the final product or cause additional starts and stops. 300 514.9.3.3-Surface Condition: Ensure that the surface of the RCC pavement is smooth, uniform, and continuous without excessive tears, rid ges, or aggregate segregation once it leaves the paver. 514.9.4-Inaccessible Areas: Pave all areas inaccessible to either roller or paver with cast - in-place concrete meeting the requirements of Section 501. 514.9.5-Adjacent Lane Pavement: Place adj acent paving lanes within 60 minutes. If more than 60 minutes elapses between placement of adjacent lanes, the vertical joint must be considered a cold joint and prepared in accordance with Section 514.1 1. At the discretion of the Engineer, this time may be increased or decreased depending on ambient conditions of temperature, wind, and humidity. Multiple pavers may be used in tandem to reduce the occurrence of cold joints. 514.9.6-Hand Spreading: Broadcasting or fanning the RCC material across areas being compacted is not permissible. Such additions of materials may only be done immediately behind the paver and before any compaction has taken place. Any segregated coarse aggregate shall be remo ved from the surface before rolling. 514.9.7-Segregation: If segregation occurs in the RCC during paving operations, placement shall cease until the cause is determined and corrected to the satisfaction of the Engineer. If the segregation is judged by the Engineer to be severe, remove and replace the segregated area at no additional cost to the Department.
514.10 Compaction :
514.10.1 Time to Compaction Start: Ensure that compaction begins with the placement
process and is completed within 60 minutes of the start of the mixing at the plant. The time may be increased or decreased at the discretion of the WVDOH depending on ambient conditions of temperature and humidity. Do not permit delays in rolling unless approved by the Engineer. Plan operations and supply sufficient equipment to ensure that these criteria are met.
514.10.2 Rolling: Determine the sequence and number of passes by vibratory and non -
vibratory rollers to obtain the specified density and surface finish. Only operate rollers in the vibratory mode while in motion. Rubber -tire rollers may be used for final compaction. Use additional rollers if specific density requirements are not obtained or if placing operations get ahead of the rolling operations.
514.10.3 Rolling Longitudinal and Transverse Joints: Do not operate the roller within
two ( 2) feet of the edge of a freshly placed lane until the adjacent lane is placed. Then, roll both ed ges of the two lanes together within the allowable time. If a cold joint is planned, then roll the complete lane and follow cold joint procedures as specified in Section 514.1 1.
514.10.4 Inaccessible Areas: Compact areas inaccessible to large rollers using walk -
behind rollers or hand tampers. Cast -in-place, meeting the requirements of Section 501, may be used in these areas as a replacement for RCC. 301 514.1 1-JOINTS : 514.1 1.1-Fresh Vertical Joints: A joint is considered a fresh joint when an adjacent RCC lane is placed within 60 minutes of placing the previous lane or as specified by the Engineer based on ambient conditions. Fresh joints do not require special treatment. 514.1 1.2-Cold Ve rtical Joints: Any planned or unplanned construction joints that do not qualify as fresh joints are considered cold joints. Prior to placing fresh RCC mixture against a compacted cold vertical joint, thoroughly clean the cold joint of loose or foreign ma terial. Wet the vertical joint face and maintain it in a moist condition immediately prior to placement of the adjacent lane. 514.1 1.2.1-Sawing Cold Vertical Joints: For uncompacted surfaces or slopes more than 15 degrees from the vertical, cut the joint vertically for the full depth. Within 2 hours of final compaction, the edge of a cold joint may be cut with approved mechanical equipment. For edges cut after 2 ho urs, sawcut to the full depth of the pavement. Demonstrate any modification or substitution of the sawcutting procedure to the WVDOH for approval prior to use. In no case allow cutting of the edge to cause raveling or tearing of the surface. Moisten the cut edge immediately prior to placement of the adjacent lane. 514.1 1.3-RCC Pavement Joints at Structures: Line structures such as manholes, valves, or concrete curb and gutter with joint filler as defined in Section 708 of the Specifications. 514.1 1.4-Control Joints: Construct transverse contraction joints in the RCC pavement by sawing. At the option of the Contractor, soft -cut or green -cut saws may be utilized as soon as possible behind the rolling operation and set to manufacturer's recommendati ons. Conventional cut saws must be used as soon as the sawing operation will not result in raveling or other damage to the RCC pavement, but not more than 18 hours after RCC placement. Cut all joints to 1/4 the depth of the RCC pavement to a single saw b lade width. Joints should be spaced at intervals not to exceed 24 times the nominal pavement thickness unless otherwise indicated on the Plans or directed by the WVDOH. (For example, for an eight ( 8) inch RCC pavement, cut joints at sixteen ( 16) foot int ervals.). In areas where RCC is placed adjacent to existing concrete pavement, such as in shoulder areas, the Contractor shall adjust the joint spacing to align with the joints in the existing adjacent concrete pavement. In these areas, in order to wor k out a joint spacing which aligns with the joints in the existing pavement, the joints in the RCC may be spaced at intervals up to 24 times the nominal RCC pavement thickness, plus 10 percent (10%) of that distance. (For example, for an eight ( 8) inch RC C pavement, cut joints at a maximum spacing of 17.6 -foot intervals). 514.1 2-FINISHING : Ensure that the finished surface of the RCC pavement, when tested with a ten ( 10) foot straightedge or crown surface template, does not vary from the straightedge or template by more than 1/4 inch at any one point and shall be within 5/8 inch of the specified finished grade. When surface irregularities are outside these tolerances, or other smoothness requirements spec ified in the plans, diamond -grind the surface to meet the tolerance at no additional cost to the WVDOH. 302 514.1 3-CURING : Immediately after final rolling and compaction testing, keep the surface of the RCC pavement continuously moist until an approved curing compound, a suitable prime coat, or a layer of asphalt concrete is applied or for 72 hours after placement, whichever c omes first. Until the RCC has achieved the required strength for opening to traffic, the surface temperature of the RCC shall not be allowed to fall below freezing. The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of the RCC placed and cured during cold weather. Any RCC injured by frost action shall be removed and replaced at the Contractor’s expense. 514.1 3.1-Water Cure: Apply water cure by water trucks equipped with fog spray nozzles, soaking hoses, sprinkling system, or other means such that a uniform moist condition on the surface of the RCC is ensured. Apply this moisture in a manner that will not erode or damage the surface of the finished RCC pavement. 514.1 3.2-Curing Compound: Do not use curing compounds when the RCC material is to be promptly covered with asphalt. Apply curing compound as indicated in Section 707.9 of the Specifications, except that the minimum rate of curing compound application is 11 square yards per gallo n unless a higher rate is specified by the curing compound manufacturer. 514.1 4-OPENING TO TRAFFIC : Protect the RCC from vehicular traffic during the curing period. Do not place vehicular traffic, except for curing equipment or sawcutting equipment, on the RCC pavement until the RCC material achieves a minimum compressive strength of 3,000 psi as demons trated in Section 514.4.2.2. 514.1 5-MAINTENANCE : Maintain the RCC pavement in good condition until all work is completed and accepted. Perform such maintenance at no additional cost to the Engineer. 514.1 6-METHOD OF MEASUREMENT : The quantity of RCC placement to be paid for will be the number of square yards complete in place and accepted. The width for measurement will be the width of th e pavement or overlay shown on the typical cross section of the Plans and additional widening where called for or as otherwise directed in writing by the Engineer. The length will be measured on the surface along the centerline of the roadway or roadway r amp. Construction of control joints will not be measured separately and no direct payment will be made for this work. 514.1 7-BASIS OF PAYMENT : The quantities, determined as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit prices less adjustments referred to below and shall constitute full compensation for furnishing and preparing of all materials, equipment, tools, labor, and incidentals nec essary to satisfactorily complete the work. 514.1 7.1-Thickness: Any sampling units found to be deficient in thickness, and which are allowed to remain in place by the Engineer, shall be paid for at a reduced Contract Unit Bid Price as outlined in Tab le 514.4.3.2. No compensation will be allowed for the materials or labor involved in the removal of defective material. 303 514.1 7.2-Strength: Determination of RCC strength shall be in accordance with Section 514.4.3.1. Any sampling units found to be def icient in strength, and which are allowed to remain in place by the Engineer, shall be paid for at a reduced Contract Unit Bid Price as outlined in Section 514.4.3.1. No compensation will be allowed for the materials or labor involved in the removal of de fective material. 514.1 7.3-Density : Determination of RCC density shall be in accordance with Section 514.4.2.3. Any sampling units found to be deficient in density, shall be handled in accordance with Sections 514.4.2.3 and 514.4.3.1. 514.1 8-PAY ITEM : ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT 514001 -* “thickness” Roller Compacted Concrete Square Yard * Sequence number
Division 600
INCIDENTAL CONSTRUCTION 305 SECTION 601 STRUCTURAL CONCRETE 601.1 -DESCRIPTION : This work shall consist of furnishing and placing portland cement concrete for structures, and incidental construction, in accordance with these specifications and in reasonably close conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions as shown on the Plans or established by the Engineer. All concrete shall be air -entrained. Classes of concrete shall be used as indicated below unless noted otherwise on the Plans: Class A concrete shall be used in railing, cribbing, precast shapes, and for filler. Class K concrete shall be used in all sidewalks, parapets, decks, and median barriers when they are a part of the bridge superstructure. Class B concrete shall be used in all beams and girders, roadway sidewalks, columns, hammerhead piers, arch rings including t ies and spandrel walls, rigid frames, box culverts, heavily reinforced abutments, retaining walls, footings, pedestals and other areas not specifically designated as to class of concrete. Class C concrete shall be used in massive footings and pedestals, m assive pier shafts, gravity walls and, in general, for non -reinforced or lightly reinforced concrete. Class D concrete shall be used as unformed and non -reinforced concrete for backfilling of any excavated pockets or voids on which footings are to be loca ted. Class H concrete shall be used for bridge decks and other bridge elements when designated in the plans. Class DC concrete shall be used in rock socketed drilled shafts. If the Contractor so elects, the Engineer may permit the use of a higher class concrete than the particular class designated for the work, in which event the higher class concrete shall meet the Specifications applicable without additional compensation. If the contractor uses a higher class concrete, and the strength specimens do no t meet the minimum strength requirement of that higher class concrete, no penalty will be applied, provided that the strength specimens exceed the minimum strength requirement of the concrete that was originally designated for the work. When called for on the Plans, an admixture of water -reducing retarder shall be added to all concrete so specified. A retarder may be used in other concrete at the Contractor's option. The work will be accepted in accordance with these Specifications and the applicable requirements of sections 105, 106, and 109. All classes of concrete shall be designated as modified when using increased design strengths. All classes of concrete shall be designated as architectural when using additional formwork as shown in Section 601.8.10. A hydration control stabilizing admixture may be used at the Contractor's option provided that the conditions in section 601.7 are met. 601.2 -MATERIALS : Materials shall meet the requirements specified in the following Sections or Subsections of Division 700: