1116 – AGGREGATES FOR ON GRADE CONCRETE
1100-43 W T = Target Workability
CF = Coarseness Factor
1.Determine the Grading according to KT-2 2. Calculate the Coarseness Factor (CF) to the nearest whole number.
3.Calculate the Actual Workability (W
A.to the nearest whole number as the percent material passing the #8 sieve. WA = 100 – % retained on #8 sieve
4.Calculate the Target Workability (W T) to the nearest whole number where For 517 lbs cement per cubic yard of concrete WT = 46.14 – (CF/6) For each additional 1 lb of cement per cubic yard, subtract 2.5/94 lbs from the Target Workability.
c.Deleterious Substances. Maximum allowed deleterious substances by weight are: Clay lumps and friable pa rticles (KT-7) ........................................... 1.0% Coal (AASHTO T 113) ..................................................................... 0.5% Shale or Shale-like mate rial (KT-8) .................................................. 0.5% Sticks (wet) (K T-35) ......................................................................... 0.1% Sum of all deleterious ........................................................................ 1.5%
d.Uniformity of Supply. Designate or determine the fineness modulus (grading factor) for each aggregate according to the procedure listed in S ection 5.10.5-Fineness Modulus of Aggregates (Gradation Factor) of Part V befo re delivery, or from the first 10 samples tested and accepted. Provide aggregate that is within ±0.20 of the average fineness modulus. Provide a single point grading for the combined aggregates along with a plus/minus tolerance for each sieve. Use plus/minus tolerances to perform quality cont rol checks and by the Engineer to perform aggregate grading verification testing. The tests may be performed on the combined materials or on individual aggregates, and then theoretically combined to determine compliance. Maintain an Actual Workability within ± 5 of the Target Workability for combined aggregates.
3.Handling of All Aggregates.
a.Segregation. Before acceptance testing, remix all aggregate segregated by transit or stockpiling.
b.Stockpiling. Maintain separation between aggregates from different sources, with different gradings or with a significantly di fferent specific gravity. Transport aggregate in a manner that promotes uniform grading. Do not use aggregates that have become mixed with earth or foreign material. Stockpile or bin all washed aggregate produced or handled by hydraulic methods for 12 hours (minimum) before batching. Rail shipme nt exceeding 12 hours is acceptable for binning provided the car bodies permit free drainage. Provide additional stockpiling or binning in cases of high or non-uniform moisture. 100xRetained % Material 8 # Retained % Material 3/8”CF 1116 – AGGREGATES FOR ON GRADE CONCRETE
1100-44 c. Coarse Aggreg ates for Concrete.
1.Composition. Provide coarse aggregate that is crushed gravel or crushed stone meeting the quality requirements of subsection 1116.2a . Consider limestone, calcite cemented sandstone, rhyolite, quartzite, basalt and granite as crushed stone. Mixtures utilizing siliceous aggregate not meeting subsection 1116.2a.(2) will require supplemental cementitious materials to prevent Alkali Silica Reactions. Provide the results of mortar expansion tests of ASTM C 1567 using the project’s mix design concrete materials at th eir designated percentages. Provide a mix with a maximum expansion of 0.10% at 16 days after casti ng. Provide the results to the Engineer at least 15 days before placement of concrete on the project.
2.Product Control. Use gradations such as those in TABLE 1116-3 which have been shown to work in Optimized Mixed Aggregates, or some other gradation approved by the Engineer that will provide a combined aggregate gradation meeting subsection 1116.2b.
d.Intermediate Aggregate for Concrete.
1.Composition. Provide intermediate aggregate for mixed aggregates (IMA) that is crushed stone, natural occurring sand, or manufactured sand meeting the quality requirements of subsection 1116.2a.
2.Product Control. Provide IMA grading when necessary to provide a combined aggregate gradation meeting subsection 1116.2b.
e.Fine Aggregates for Concrete.
1.Composition.
a.Type FA-A. Provide either singly or in combination natural occurring sand resulting from the disintegration of siliceous or calcareous rock, or manufactured sand produced by crushing predominately siliceous materials meeting the quality requirements of subsection 1116.2a. and subsection 1116.2e.(2) .
2.Additional Quality Requirements.
a.Mortar strength and Organic Impurities. If the DME determ ines it is necessary, because of unknown characteristics of new sources or change s in existing sources, provide fine aggregates that comply with the following: Mortar Strength (KTMR-26). Compressive strength when combined with Type III (high early strength) cement: At age 24 hours, minimum ........................................................ 100%* At age 72 hours, minimum ........................................................ 100%* *Compared to strengths of specimens of the same proportions, consiste ncy, cement and standard 20-30 Ottawa sand. Organic Impurities (AASHTO T 21). The color of th e supernatant liquid is equal to or lighter than the reference standard solution.
3.Product Control.
a.Size Requirements. Provide FA-A that comply with TABLE 1116-5 or some other gradation approved by the Engineer that will provid e a combined aggregate gradation meeting subsection 1116.2b . TABLE 1116-3: GRADING REQUIREMENTS FOR CO ARSE AGGREGATES Type Composition Percent Retained - Square Mesh Sieves 1 ½″ 1″ ¾″ ½″ 3/8″ No. 4 No. 8 No. 30 CPA-1 Crushed Gravel or Crushed Stone 0 0-10 14-35 - 50-75 - 95-100 - CPA-3 Crushed Gravel or Crushed Stone - - 0 0-35 30-70 75-100 95-100 - CPA-4 Crushed Gravel or Crushed Stone - 0 0-20 - - - 95-100 -
Source: Kansas Standard Specifications for State Road and Bridge Construction, 2015 Edition. Pages 700–701 of 978.