1116 – AGGREGATES FOR ON GRADE CONCRETE
1100-44 c. Coarse Aggreg ates for Concrete.
1.Composition. Provide coarse aggregate that is crushed gravel or crushed stone meeting the quality requirements of subsection 1116.2a . Consider limestone, calcite cemented sandstone, rhyolite, quartzite, basalt and granite as crushed stone. Mixtures utilizing siliceous aggregate not meeting subsection 1116.2a.(2) will require supplemental cementitious materials to prevent Alkali Silica Reactions. Provide the results of mortar expansion tests of ASTM C 1567 using the project’s mix design concrete materials at th eir designated percentages. Provide a mix with a maximum expansion of 0.10% at 16 days after casti ng. Provide the results to the Engineer at least 15 days before placement of concrete on the project.
2.Product Control. Use gradations such as those in TABLE 1116-3 which have been shown to work in Optimized Mixed Aggregates, or some other gradation approved by the Engineer that will provide a combined aggregate gradation meeting subsection 1116.2b.
d.Intermediate Aggregate for Concrete.
1.Composition. Provide intermediate aggregate for mixed aggregates (IMA) that is crushed stone, natural occurring sand, or manufactured sand meeting the quality requirements of subsection 1116.2a.
2.Product Control. Provide IMA grading when necessary to provide a combined aggregate gradation meeting subsection 1116.2b.
e.Fine Aggregates for Concrete.
1.Composition.
a.Type FA-A. Provide either singly or in combination natural occurring sand resulting from the disintegration of siliceous or calcareous rock, or manufactured sand produced by crushing predominately siliceous materials meeting the quality requirements of subsection 1116.2a. and subsection 1116.2e.(2) .
2.Additional Quality Requirements.
a.Mortar strength and Organic Impurities. If the DME determ ines it is necessary, because of unknown characteristics of new sources or change s in existing sources, provide fine aggregates that comply with the following: Mortar Strength (KTMR-26). Compressive strength when combined with Type III (high early strength) cement: At age 24 hours, minimum ........................................................ 100%* At age 72 hours, minimum ........................................................ 100%* *Compared to strengths of specimens of the same proportions, consiste ncy, cement and standard 20-30 Ottawa sand. Organic Impurities (AASHTO T 21). The color of th e supernatant liquid is equal to or lighter than the reference standard solution.
3.Product Control.
a.Size Requirements. Provide FA-A that comply with TABLE 1116-5 or some other gradation approved by the Engineer that will provid e a combined aggregate gradation meeting subsection 1116.2b . TABLE 1116-3: GRADING REQUIREMENTS FOR CO ARSE AGGREGATES Type Composition Percent Retained - Square Mesh Sieves 1 ½″ 1″ ¾″ ½″ 3/8″ No. 4 No. 8 No. 30 CPA-1 Crushed Gravel or Crushed Stone 0 0-10 14-35 - 50-75 - 95-100 - CPA-3 Crushed Gravel or Crushed Stone - - 0 0-35 30-70 75-100 95-100 - CPA-4 Crushed Gravel or Crushed Stone - 0 0-20 - - - 95-100 - 1116 – AGGREGATES FOR ON GRADE CONCRETE
1100-45 Table 1116-4: Grading Requiremen Ts for Fine Aggregates for
CONCRETE Type Percent Retained-Square Mesh Sieves ⅜" No. 4 No. 8 No. 16 No. 30 No. 50 No. 100 No. 200 FA-A 0 0-10 0-27 15-55 40-77 70-93 90-100 98-100
b.Deleterious Substances. Type FA-A: Maximum allowed deleterious substances by weight are: Coal (AASHTO T113)............................................................... 0.5% Sticks (wet) (KT-35) ................................................................. 0.1% Sum of all deleterious ................................................................ 0.5%
f.Miscellaneous Agg regates for Concrete.
1.Aggregates for Mortar Sand, Type FA-M.
a.Composition. Provide aggregates for mortar sa nd, Type FA-M that is natural occurring sand.
b.Quality. Mortar strength and Organic Impurities. If the DME determines it is necessary, because of unknown characteristics of new sources or change s in existing sources, provide aggregates for mortar sand, Type FA-M that comply with the following: Mortar Strength (KTMR-26). Compressive strength when combined with Type III (high early strength) cement: At age 24 hours, minimum ................................................. 100%* At age 72 hours, minimum ................................................. 100%* * Compared to strengths of specimens of the sa me proportions, consistency, cement and standard
20-30 Ottawa sand.
Organic Impurities (AASHTO T 21). The color of the supernatant liquid is equal to or lighter than the reference standard solution.
c.Product Control. Size Requirements. Provide aggregates for mo rtar sand, Type FA-M that comply with TABLE 1116-5 . TABLE 1116-5: GRADING REQU IREMENTS FOR MORTAR SAND Type Percent Retained - Square Mesh Sieves No. 4 No. 8 No. 16 No. 30 No. 50 No. 100 No. 200 Gradation Factor FA-M 0 0-2 0-30 20-50 50-75 90-100 98-100 1.70-2.50 Deleterious Substances. Maximum allowed deleterious substances by weight are: Clay lumps and friable ma terial (KT-7) ..................................... 1.0% Coal (AASHTO T 113).............................................................. 0.5% Sticks (wet) (K T-35) .................................................................. 0.1% Sum of all deleterious ................................................................ 1.5%
2.Modified Lightweight Aggregates.
a.Composition. Provide a modified lightweight aggregate produced from a uniform deposit of raw material combined with FA-A that meets subsection 1102.2c . 1116 – AGGREGATES FOR ON GRADE CONCRETE
1100-46 (b) Quality.
Soundness, minimum (KTMR-21) ................................................... 0.90 Loss on Ign ition ................................................................................ 5%
c.Product Control. Size Requirements. Provide modified light weight aggregates that comply with TABLE
1116-6 .
TABLE 1116-6: GRADING REQU IREMENTS FOR MODIFIED LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATES Type Percent Retained - Square Mesh Sieves ¾" ½" ⅜" No. 4 No. 8 No. 16 Grade 1 0 0-10 30-60 85-100 95-100 Grade 2 0-2 0-30 20-50 50-75 90-100 Deleterious Substances. Organic Impurities (AASHTO T 21). The color of the supernatant liquid is equal to or lighter than the reference standard solution. Unit Weight (dry, loose weight) (max.) ............................................ 1890 lbs/cu yd
d.Concrete Making Properties. Drying shrinkage of concrete specimens prepared with modified lightweight aggregate and FA-A proportioned as shown in the Contract Documents can not exceed 0.07%.
e.Uniformity of Supply. Designate or determ ine the fineness modulus (grading factor) according to procedure listed in Part V, Section 5.10.5-Fin eness Modulus of Aggregates (Gradation Factor) before delivery, or from the first 10 samples tested and accepted. Provide ag gregate that is within 0.20 of the average fineness modulus.
f.Proportioning Materials. Submit mix designs for concrete using modified lightweight aggregate to Construction and Materi als for approval prior to use.
g.Stockpiling Stockpile accepted aggregates in layers 3 to 5 feet thick. Berm each laye r so that aggregates do not "cone" down into lower layers. Keep aggregates from different sources, with different gradings or with a significantly different specific gravity separated. Transport aggregate in a manner that promotes uniform gradation. Do not use aggregates that have become mixed with earth or foreign material. Stockpile or bin all washed aggregate produced or handled by hydraulic methods for 12 hours (minimum) before batching. Rail shipment exceeding 12 hours is acceptable for binning, provided the car bodies permit free drainage. Provide additional stockpiling or binning in cases of high or non-uniform moisture. 1116.3 TEST METHODS Test aggregates according to the applicable provisions of SECTION 1115 . 1116.4 PREQUALIFICATION Aggregates for concrete must be prequalified according to subsection 1101.4 . 1116.5 BASIS OF ACCEPTANCE The Engineer will accept ag gregates for concrete based on the prequalification required by this specification and subsection 1101.5 . 1201 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DIVISION 1200 - ASPHALT MATERIALS 1200 - 1 SECTION 1201 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DIVISION 1200 – ASPHALT MATERIALS 1201.1 DESCRIPTION This specification covers general require ments for asphalt materials specified in DIVISION 1200 . 1201.2 REQUIREMENTS
a.Storage and Heating . Provide storage tanks, pipelines and loading facilities for asphalt materials that are equipped with adequate heating equipm ent that will not damage the material.
b.Shipping Facilities . Provide shipping containers that are equipped with appropriate hoses and pumps, are insulated and are equipped for heating the contents wh en requested by the KDOT. Do not heat asphalt materials in transit by open flame heaters on tank trucks. Before loading, examine the shipping container and remove all remnants of previous cargoes that might contaminate the material to be loaded. For each shipment to KDOT projects, maintain a loading log showing the following items: contract or project number, date, time, ticket number, shipping cont ainer number, contractor, grade and quantity. Mail a copy of the log to the Engineer of Tests monthly during the shipping season.
c.Weighing Equipment. For quantities measured by weight, provide a scale having a platform of adequate length to weigh the longest truck or truck-trailer combination in one operation. Calibrate the scales through the range of use by an approved scale company as often as necessary to verify their accur acy, with intervals not greater than six months. For manufacturers not operating through the winter, calibrate the scales before the production season and thereafter at intervals not greater than 6 months for the duration of the production season. Provide a copy of the calibration report to the Engineer of Tests.
d.Sampling and Inspection.
1.General. The Engineer will perform the sampling of asphalt materials. Permit inspection of all tanks, tank cars, tank trucks, blending units, loading lines and other items relating to the production and loading of asphalt materials being shipped to KDOT work.
2.Tests by Producer. Provide a testing laboratory with laboratory and sampling equipment complying with the appropriate AASHTO or ASTM specifications to be available to all production and terminal facilities servicing KDOT projects. The laboratory must be staffed with competent personnel who can conduct tests to verify all asphalt material intended for shipment to KDOT projects complies with the specifications before it is shipped. Perform testing necessary to maintain continuous quality control. The minimum quality control testing and reporting requ irements for each product that is shipped to KDOT projects is described in the following sections.
e.Performance Graded Asphalt Binder (PGAB) .
1.Definition of testing levels. Complete AASHTO Specification Compliance (SC) test for PGAB: Original Binder: F l a s h P o i n t ( C O C ) Brookfield Viscosity, 275 F Dynamic Shear S e p a r a t i o n T e s t , 3 2 5 F, 48 hours (Polymer modified only) Rolling Thin Film Oven Residue: M a s s L o s s Dynamic Shear Elastic Recovery, 77 F (Polymer modified only) Pressure Aging Vessel Residue: Dynamic Shear Creep Stiffness, S, 60s 1201 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DIVISION 1200 - ASPHALT MATERIALS 1200 - 2 S l o p e , m Quality Control (QC) Tests for PGAB: DSR on Original Binder D S R a f t e r R T F O Any other short-term test(s) the producer has found to provide useful information for quality control of the product.
2.When shipping from Refineries and Blending Facilities, use the following guidelines:
a.For a tank which is filled before beginning shipping, and then emptied before more material is added, perform 1 complete AASHTO SC test pe r tank when filled, and weekly QC tests.
b.For a tank being continually filled while continuous shipping is made from the tank, perform 1 complete AASHTO SC test per week, and daily QC tests
c.When blending directly into a tanker, sample every third truck for QC tests, and perform 1 complete AASHTO SC test per week.
d.Under any of the operations described above, if the results of any of the QC tests indicate the product may be out of specification, stop shipment from that source immediately. Perform a complete AASHTO SC test to ascertain the product status and re-certify the source.
3.When shipping from Terminals, use the following guidelines:
a.For operations where a tank is filled before beginning shipping, and then emptied before more material is added, perform a complete AASHTO SC test at the refinery on the material being shipped. When the shipment arrives at the terminal, run the QC tests to verify the material as it is being unloaded. After that, perform the QC tests weekly until the tank is emptied. (b) For operations where a tank is being continually filled while continuous shipping is being made from the tank, perform a complete AASHTO SC test at the refinery on the material being shipped. When the shipment arrives at the terminal, run the QC tests to verify the material as it is being unloaded. Perform the QC tests on the contents in the tank weekly. Perform a complete AASHTO SC test on the contents in the tank once per month.
c.Under any of the operations described above, if the results of any of the QC tests indicate the product may be out of specification, stop shipment from that source immediately. Perform a complete AASHTO SC test to ascertain the product status and re-certify the source.
f.Emulsions and Asphalt Rejuvenating Agents .
1.Perform 1 complete AASHTO test each time a batch of material is produced. A tank must be tested each time new material is added to it.
2.A complete AASHTO test for Emulsions is defined as follows: Saybolt Furol Viscosity, 77 F or 122F Residue by Distillation Oil Distillate- WHEN REQUIRED Storage Stability, 1 day- WHEN REQUIRED Sieve Test Demulsibility- WHEN REQUIRED Tests on Distillation Residue: Penetration, 77 F Solubility- WHEN REQUIRED Ductility, 39°F or 77 F-WHEN REQUIRED Elastic Recovery - EMULSIONS with a “P” DESIGNATION
3.A complete AASHTO test for asphalt rejuvenating agents is defined as follows: Viscosity, Saybolt-Furol, 77 F Residue by Distillation Oil Distillate Sieve Test Storage Stability Tests on Residue: Penetration @39°F, 50g, 5 sec. A s p h a l t e n e s Elastic Recovery 1201 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DIVISION 1200 - ASPHALT MATERIALS 1200 - 3 g. Cutbacks .
1.For a tank being filled and emptied before more material is added, perform 1 complete AASHTO test per tank, and weekly tests for 140 F viscosity.
2.For a tank being continually filled while continuous shipping is made from the tank, perform 1 complete AASHTO test per week, and daily tests for 140 F viscosity.
3.When blending directly into a tanker, sample every third truck for 140 F viscosity, and perform 1 complete AASHTO test per week.
4.A complete AASHTO test for cutback asphalt is defined as follows: Kinematic Viscosity, 140 F F l a s h P o i n t , T O C Distillation Test: Distillates R e s i d u e Tests on Distillation Residue: Vacuum Viscosity, 140 F and/or Penetration, 77 F Ductility, 77 F or 60F
h.Reports . For all types of products discussed above, prepare quarterly summary reports for all quality control and specification compliance testing performed during that period, including any statistical analysis associated with process control. Reta in the reports for a minimum of 1 year. Submit them to KDOT if requested.
i.Asphalt Cement (AC).
1.Definition of testing levels. Complete AASHTO Specification Compliance (SC) test for AC: Viscosity, 140 oF Penetration, 77oF F l a s h P o i n t , C O C Solubility Tests on Residue from TFOT Loss on heating Viscosity, 140 oF Ductility, 77oF Quality Control (QC) Tests for AC: V i s c o s i t y @ 1 4 0 oF Penetration @ 77oF
2.When shipping from Refineries and Blending Facilities, use the following guidelines:
a.For a tank which is filled before beginning shipping, and then emptied before more material is added, perform 1 complete AASHTO SC test pe r tank when filled, and weekly QC tests.
b.For a tank being continually filled while continuous shipping is made from the tank, perform 1 complete AASHTO SC test per week, and daily QC tests
c.When blending directly into a tanker, sample every third truck for QC tests, and perform 1 complete AASHTO SC test per week. (d) Under any of the operations described above, if the results of any of the QC tests indicate the product may be out of specification, stop shipment from that source immediately. Perform a complete AASHTO SC test to ascertain the product status and re-certify the source.
3.When shipping from Terminals, use the following guidelines:
a.For operations where a tank is filled before beginning shipping, and then emptied before more material is added, perform a complete AASHTO SC test at the refinery on the material being shipped. When the shipment arrives at the terminal, run the QC tests to verify the material as it is being unloaded. After that, perform the QC tests weekly until the tank is emptied. (b) For operations where a tank is being continually filled while continuous shipping is being made from the tank, perform a complete AASHTO SC test at the refinery on the material being shipped. When the shipment arrives at the terminal, run the QC tests to verify the material as it is being unloaded. Perform the QC tests on the contents in the tank weekly. Perform a complete AASHTO SC test on the contents in the tank once per month. 1201 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DIVISION 1200 - ASPHALT MATERIALS 1200 - 4 (c) Under any of the operations described above, if the results of any of the QC tests indicate the product may be out of specification, stop shipment from that source immediately. Perform a complete AASHTO SC test to ascertain the product status and re-certify the source.
4.Asphalt cement containing particulate modifiers may be susceptible to separation of the modifier. Provide appropriate circulation or agitation in storage if separation of the modifier is expected, suspected or if the modified asphalt will be stored at elevated temperature for more than one day before use. 1201.3 TEST METHODS As described in the specification for each type of asphalt material. 1201.4 PREQUALIFICATION
a.Producers are required to submit qualification samples of any type or grade of material provided under this specification that has not previous ly been produced by them , or which has not been used on KDOT projects within the last 12 months. PGAB producers will also be required to submit material that complies with SECTION 1202. For each material being qualified or re-qualified, submit samples taken from a production batch, along with a copy of the producer's complete AASHTO test results on the same material to the Engineer of Tests. The Engineer will test the sample and compare the results. The pr oducer will be notified of the results in writing.
b.Any change in formulation will re quire requalification. Changes in ba se stock or major components may require requalification. Contact the Engineer of Tests' Ch ief Chemist to determine if requalification is necessary.
c.All producers supplying material to KDOT projects must have a written quality control plan addressing the requirements of this specification. Producers of performance graded asphalt binder must also address any requirements in the latest edition of AASHTO R 26 that are not specifically covered here. Submit a copy of the written quality control plan to the Bureau of Construction and Materials for review and approval. Quality control plans and the testing inform ation contained therein will be maintained as confidential by KDOT. An approved plan is a required prerequisite to prequalification of any product. In addition to the requirements specified in AASHTO R 26, include provisions in the QC plan for maintaining the mixing and compaction temperature ranges using the following guidelines:
1.Unmodified PGAB Suppliers: Record the initial mixing and compaction temperature ranges on the certificate. Once 3 sets of tests for temperature ranges have been accumulated, then maintain a 3-point moving average. Maintain the mixing and compaction temperatur e ranges constant unless there is a change to any component (example: upper compaction temperature) of the 3-point moving averages by more than 40ºF. If this occurs, then replace all of the old temperature ranges with the 3-point moving av erage temperature ranges. Provide a monthly copy of all individual and 3-po int moving average temperature ranges to the Chief Chemist at the Materials and Research Center. Provide the Contractor with the most current mixing and compaction temperature ranges as outlined above.
2.Modified PGAB Suppliers: In additional to the requirements stated in (1) above, include a detailed description of the method used by your laboratory to determine the modified PGAB mixing and compaction temperature ranges in the QC Plan.
d.The Bureau of Construction and Materials will maintain a list of producers that are qualified to supply specific types and grades of materials. Qualified produ cers will be permitted to supply qualified materials on a certification basis. Monthly loading logs and results of the producer's quality control testing are required to be forwarded to the Engineer of Tests to maintain status on the prequalified list. In add ition, suppliers of CRS-1HP and EBL are to submit up to two samples per year to the Engin eer of Tests at the Materials and Research Center at the request of the Chief Chemist to maintain status on the prequalified list.
e.An annual split-sample testing program will be co nducted for each producer on the Prequalified List. Producers must participate in this program for each type of material they have prequalified. When notified by KDOT, producers will be required to split a sample, test the material according to specifications, and send KDOT a portion to test along with their test results. The 2 sets of test results will be compared using the precision and bias guidelines outlined by AASHTO. If there are any discrepancies in the test results that cannot be resolved, a
Source: Kansas Standard Specifications for State Road and Bridge Construction, 2015 Edition. Pages 701–707 of 978.