Section 1014 Timber, Timber Connectors, and Preservatives
1014.01 STRUCTURAL TIMBER AN D LUMBER. Structural timber
and lumber shall be qualified products as determined by the Cons truction Fabrication Unit. For species and grade of structural timber and lumber comply with AASHTO M 168 and the following requirements.
1014.01.1 Southern Pine. For Southern Pine lumber, comply with
the latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber published by the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications.
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rails shall be Grade No. 1 Dense Timbers.
2.Items other than caps, s tringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be Grade No. 1 Timbers.
1014.01.2 Douglas Fir. For Douglas Fir lumber, comply with the
latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Western Lumber published by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLB) or Western Lumber Grading Rules published by Western Wood Products Association (WWPA). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications. Comply with the following:
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of “Select Structural” members.
2.Items other than caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of Grade 1 members.
1014.01.3 Structural Glued Laminated Timber (GLULAM).
Structural glued laminated timber (glulam) shall be qualified products as determined by th e DOTD Construction Fabrication Unit. Glulam shall comply with AASHTO M -168 and meet the requirements of ANSI A190.1
1014.02 Timber Piles, Poles, Posts, and Braces.
1014.02.1 Timber Piles: Timber piles shall be Class B Southern
Yellow Pine or Douglas Fir and shall compl y with ASTM D25.
1014.02.2 Timber Poles: For timber poles, use Southern Pine or
Douglas Fir and comply with ANSI 05.1. Section 1014 Timber, Timber Connectors, and Preservatives
1014.01 STRUCTURAL TIMBER AN D LUMBER. Structural timber
and lumber shall be qualified products as determined by the Cons truction Fabrication Unit. For species and grade of structural timber and lumber comply with AASHTO M 168 and the following requirements.
1014.01.1 Southern Pine. For Southern Pine lumber, comply with
the latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber published by the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications.
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rails shall be Grade No. 1 Dense Timbers.
2.Items other than caps, s tringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be Grade No. 1 Timbers.
1014.01.2 Douglas Fir. For Douglas Fir lumber, comply with the
latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Western Lumber published by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLB) or Western Lumber Grading Rules published by Western Wood Products Association (WWPA). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications. Comply with the following:
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of “Select Structural” members.
2.Items other than caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of Grade 1 members.
1014.01.3 Structural Glued Laminated Timber (GLULAM).
Structural glued laminated timber (glulam) shall be qualified products as determined by th e DOTD Construction Fabrication Unit. Glulam shall comply with AASHTO M -168 and meet the requirements of ANSI A190.1
1014.02 Timber Piles, Poles, Posts, and Braces.
1014.02.1 Timber Piles: Timber piles shall be Class B Southern
Yellow Pine or Douglas Fir and shall compl y with ASTM D25.
1014.02.2 Timber Poles: For timber poles, use Southern Pine or
Douglas Fir and comply with ANSI 05.1. Section 1014 Timber, Timber Connectors, and Preservatives
1014.01 STRUCTURAL TIMBER AN D LUMBER. Structural timber
and lumber shall be qualified products as determined by the Cons truction Fabrication Unit. For species and grade of structural timber and lumber comply with AASHTO M 168 and the following requirements.
1014.01.1 Southern Pine. For Southern Pine lumber, comply with
the latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber published by the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications.
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rails shall be Grade No. 1 Dense Timbers.
2.Items other than caps, s tringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be Grade No. 1 Timbers.
1014.01.2 Douglas Fir. For Douglas Fir lumber, comply with the
latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Western Lumber published by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLB) or Western Lumber Grading Rules published by Western Wood Products Association (WWPA). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications. Comply with the following:
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of “Select Structural” members.
2.Items other than caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of Grade 1 members.
1014.01.3 Structural Glued Laminated Timber (GLULAM).
Structural glued laminated timber (glulam) shall be qualified products as determined by th e DOTD Construction Fabrication Unit. Glulam shall comply with AASHTO M -168 and meet the requirements of ANSI A190.1
1014.02 Timber Piles, Poles, Posts, and Braces.
1014.02.1 Timber Piles: Timber piles shall be Class B Southern
Yellow Pine or Douglas Fir and shall compl y with ASTM D25.
1014.02.2 Timber Poles: For timber poles, use Southern Pine or
Douglas Fir and comply with ANSI 05.1. Section 1014 Timber, Timber Connectors, and Preservatives
1014.01 STRUCTURAL TIMBER AN D LUMBER. Structural timber
and lumber shall be qualified products as determined by the Cons truction Fabrication Unit. For species and grade of structural timber and lumber comply with AASHTO M 168 and the following requirements.
1014.01.1 Southern Pine. For Southern Pine lumber, comply with
the latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber published by the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications.
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rails shall be Grade No. 1 Dense Timbers.
2.Items other than caps, s tringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be Grade No. 1 Timbers.
1014.01.2 Douglas Fir. For Douglas Fir lumber, comply with the
latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Western Lumber published by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLB) or Western Lumber Grading Rules published by Western Wood Products Association (WWPA). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications. Comply with the following:
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of “Select Structural” members.
2.Items other than caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of Grade 1 members.
1014.01.3 Structural Glued Laminated Timber (GLULAM).
Structural glued laminated timber (glulam) shall be qualified products as determined by th e DOTD Construction Fabrication Unit. Glulam shall comply with AASHTO M -168 and meet the requirements of ANSI A190.1
1014.02 Timber Piles, Poles, Posts, and Braces.
1014.02.1 Timber Piles: Timber piles shall be Class B Southern
Yellow Pine or Douglas Fir and shall compl y with ASTM D25.
1014.02.2 Timber Poles: For timber poles, use Southern Pine or
Douglas Fir and comply with ANSI 05.1. Section 1014 Timber, Timber Connectors, and Preservatives
1014.01 STRUCTURAL TIMBER AN D LUMBER. Structural timber
and lumber shall be qualified products as determined by the Cons truction Fabrication Unit. For species and grade of structural timber and lumber comply with AASHTO M 168 and the following requirements.
1014.01.1 Southern Pine. For Southern Pine lumber, comply with
the latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber published by the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications.
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rails shall be Grade No. 1 Dense Timbers.
2.Items other than caps, s tringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be Grade No. 1 Timbers.
1014.01.2 Douglas Fir. For Douglas Fir lumber, comply with the
latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Western Lumber published by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLB) or Western Lumber Grading Rules published by Western Wood Products Association (WWPA). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications. Comply with the following:
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of “Select Structural” members.
2.Items other than caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of Grade 1 members.
1014.01.3 Structural Glued Laminated Timber (GLULAM).
Structural glued laminated timber (glulam) shall be qualified products as determined by th e DOTD Construction Fabrication Unit. Glulam shall comply with AASHTO M -168 and meet the requirements of ANSI A190.1
1014.02 Timber Piles, Poles, Posts, and Braces.
1014.02.1 Timber Piles: Timber piles shall be Class B Southern
Yellow Pine or Douglas Fir and shall compl y with ASTM D25.
1014.02.2 Timber Poles: For timber poles, use Southern Pine or
Douglas Fir and comply with ANSI 05.1. Section 1014 Timber, Timber Connectors, and Preservatives
1014.01 STRUCTURAL TIMBER AN D LUMBER. Structural timber
and lumber shall be qualified products as determined by the Cons truction Fabrication Unit. For species and grade of structural timber and lumber comply with AASHTO M 168 and the following requirements.
1014.01.1 Southern Pine. For Southern Pine lumber, comply with
the latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber published by the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications.
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rails shall be Grade No. 1 Dense Timbers.
2.Items other than caps, s tringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be Grade No. 1 Timbers.
1014.01.2 Douglas Fir. For Douglas Fir lumber, comply with the
latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Western Lumber published by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLB) or Western Lumber Grading Rules published by Western Wood Products Association (WWPA). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications. Comply with the following:
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of “Select Structural” members.
2.Items other than caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of Grade 1 members.
1014.01.3 Structural Glued Laminated Timber (GLULAM).
Structural glued laminated timber (glulam) shall be qualified products as determined by th e DOTD Construction Fabrication Unit. Glulam shall comply with AASHTO M -168 and meet the requirements of ANSI A190.1
1014.02 Timber Piles, Poles, Posts, and Braces.
1014.02.1 Timber Piles: Timber piles shall be Class B Southern
Yellow Pine or Douglas Fir and shall compl y with ASTM D25.
1014.02.2 Timber Poles: For timber poles, use Southern Pine or
Douglas Fir and comply with ANSI 05.1. Section 1014 Timber, Timber Connectors, and Preservatives
1014.01 STRUCTURAL TIMBER AN D LUMBER. Structural timber
and lumber shall be qualified products as determined by the Cons truction Fabrication Unit. For species and grade of structural timber and lumber comply with AASHTO M 168 and the following requirements.
1014.01.1 Southern Pine. For Southern Pine lumber, comply with
the latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Southern Pine Lumber published by the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications.
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rails shall be Grade No. 1 Dense Timbers.
2.Items other than caps, s tringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be Grade No. 1 Timbers.
1014.01.2 Douglas Fir. For Douglas Fir lumber, comply with the
latest version of the Standard Grading Rules for Western Lumber published by the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLB) or Western Lumber Grading Rules published by Western Wood Products Association (WWPA). Use the appropriate grade of lumber as designated in the plans or specifications. Comply with the following:
1.Caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of “Select Structural” members.
2.Items other than caps, stringers, decking, and bridge rail shall be composed of Grade 1 members.
1014.01.3 Structural Glued Laminated Timber (GLULAM).
Structural glued laminated timber (glulam) shall be qualified products as determined by th e DOTD Construction Fabrication Unit. Glulam shall comply with AASHTO M -168 and meet the requirements of ANSI A190.1
1014.02 Timber Piles, Poles, Posts, and Braces.
1014.02.1 Timber Piles: Timber piles shall be Class B Southern
Yellow Pine or Douglas Fir and shall compl y with ASTM D25.
1014.02.2 Timber Poles: For timber poles, use Southern Pine or
Douglas Fir and comply with ANSI 05.1.
1014.02.3 Timber Posts and Braces: Posts and braces shall be
cut from sound trees (not limbs) and shall not contain any unsound knots. Sound knots wil l be permitted if the diameter of the knot does not exceed 1/3 the diameter of the piece at the point where it occurs. Posts and braces shall be free from decayed wood, rot, and red heart. Ring shakes and season checks which penetrate more than 1/4 inch w ill be cause for rejection. Posts and braces shall show at least four annular rings per inch and at least 1/3 summer wood, “dark bands.” Fence posts shall be peeled for their full length; all outer and inner bark shall be removed. Knots shall be trimmed close to the surface of the post before treatment. A line drawn from center of top to center of butt shall neither fall outside the body of the posts nor at any point exceed more than 1 inch from the geometric center of the post. Posts and braces shall b e free from short or reverse crook. Excessive bow, camber, twist, or other such defects in posts and brace will be cause for rejection. Ends shall be sawn square. Guard rail posts and blockouts shall be treated timber of Southern Pine Grade No. 1 or Doug las Fir Dense No. 1. Posts and blockouts shall be fabricated before treatment. When round timber posts are specified or shown in the plans for guard rail, the posts shall be 7 1/4 inches in diameter plus or minus 1/8 inch at any point, as determined by a circumference -diameter tape. The length shall not vary more than 1 inch from plan length. The round timber post top shall be domed approximately hemispherical in shape and the radius of the dome shall be 4 inches. The dome shall be smooth, and the distan ce from the top of the dome to the base of the dome shall not vary more than 3/4 inch at any location. All round timber posts shall be smooth shaved by machine and no “ringing” will be permitted. All outer and inner bark shall be removed during the shavin g process. All knots and knobs shall be trimmed smooth and flush with the surface of the post. Each post shall have minimum sapwood depth of 1 inch measured at any location within the circumference. The maximum diameter of any single knot shall not exce ed 3 inches. The sum of the diameters of all knots greater than 0.5 inch in any 1 -foot section shall not exceed 8 inches. A straight line drawn from the center of the top to the center of the butt of any post shall not deviate from the centerline of the post more than 1/4 inch at any point. Splits or ring shakes are not permitted in the top for round post. Splits are not permitted in the butt. A single shake is permitted in the butt, provided it is not wider than one half the butt diameter.
1014.02.3 Timber Posts and Braces: Posts and braces shall be
cut from sound trees (not limbs) and shall not contain any unsound knots. Sound knots wil l be permitted if the diameter of the knot does not exceed 1/3 the diameter of the piece at the point where it occurs. Posts and braces shall be free from decayed wood, rot, and red heart. Ring shakes and season checks which penetrate more than 1/4 inch w ill be cause for rejection. Posts and braces shall show at least four annular rings per inch and at least 1/3 summer wood, “dark bands.” Fence posts shall be peeled for their full length; all outer and inner bark shall be removed. Knots shall be trimmed close to the surface of the post before treatment. A line drawn from center of top to center of butt shall neither fall outside the body of the posts nor at any point exceed more than 1 inch from the geometric center of the post. Posts and braces shall b e free from short or reverse crook. Excessive bow, camber, twist, or other such defects in posts and brace will be cause for rejection. Ends shall be sawn square. Guard rail posts and blockouts shall be treated timber of Southern Pine Grade No. 1 or Doug las Fir Dense No. 1. Posts and blockouts shall be fabricated before treatment. When round timber posts are specified or shown in the plans for guard rail, the posts shall be 7 1/4 inches in diameter plus or minus 1/8 inch at any point, as determined by a circumference -diameter tape. The length shall not vary more than 1 inch from plan length. The round timber post top shall be domed approximately hemispherical in shape and the radius of the dome shall be 4 inches. The dome shall be smooth, and the distan ce from the top of the dome to the base of the dome shall not vary more than 3/4 inch at any location. All round timber posts shall be smooth shaved by machine and no “ringing” will be permitted. All outer and inner bark shall be removed during the shavin g process. All knots and knobs shall be trimmed smooth and flush with the surface of the post. Each post shall have minimum sapwood depth of 1 inch measured at any location within the circumference. The maximum diameter of any single knot shall not exce ed 3 inches. The sum of the diameters of all knots greater than 0.5 inch in any 1 -foot section shall not exceed 8 inches. A straight line drawn from the center of the top to the center of the butt of any post shall not deviate from the centerline of the post more than 1/4 inch at any point. Splits or ring shakes are not permitted in the top for round post. Splits are not permitted in the butt. A single shake is permitted in the butt, provided it is not wider than one half the butt diameter. Guard rail timber species (blockouts/braces) shall be the same as those furnished for the timber posts. The actual finished size of blockouts for round timber posts shall be 5 3/4 inch square, with a tolerance of 1/8 inch plus or minus. Each of the four corners of e ach block shall be machined down to provide a flat 1 inch surface the entire length of the block with a tolerance of 1/4 inch plus or minus. Each block shall be machine concaved to a radius of 3 5/8 inches, and to a depth of 3/4 inch. The size and hole l ocation shall be as shown on the plans . Blockouts shall be of medium grain, at least 4 rings per inch, and free from splits, shakes, compression wood or decay in any form. Individual knots, knot clusters or knots in the same cross section of a face are p ermitted, provided they are sound or firm, and are limited in cumulative width (when measured between lines paralleled to the edges) to no more than one third the width of the face. Grain deviation is limited to 1 inch in 6 inches. The material may be sa wn or surfaced.
1014.02.4 Glulam Poles, Posts, and Braces . Glulam poles shall
comply with ANSI 05.2. Glulam posts and braces shall comply with ANSI 05.3. Glulam is not to be used for pile applications.
1014.03 TIMBER PRESERVATIVES . The type preservatives to be
used are as follows:
1014.03.1 Creosote (CR): For creosote used for land and fresh and
coastal water applications, comply with AWPA P1/P13.
1014.03.2 Creosote Solutions (CR -S): For creosote solutions for
fresh and coastal water applications, comply with AWPA P2.
1014.03.3 Pentachlorop henol -Petroleum Solution (Penta):
Comply with AWPA P35.
1014.03.4 Copper Naphthenate (CuN): Comply with AWPA
P8/P9.
1014.03.5 Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA): Comply with
AWPA P23, Type C.
1014.03.6 Ammoniacal Copper Zinc Arsenate (ACZA):
Comply with AWPA P22.
1014.03.7 Alkaline Copper Quat (ACQ): Comply with AWPA
P26 for Type A (ACQ -A). Comply with AWPA P27 for Type B (ACQ -B). Comply with P28 for Type C (ACQ -C). Guard rail timber species (blockouts/braces) shall be the same as those furnished for the timber posts. The actual finished size of blockouts for round timber posts shall be 5 3/4 inch square, with a tolerance of 1/8 inch plus or minus. Each of the four corners of e ach block shall be machined down to provide a flat 1 inch surface the entire length of the block with a tolerance of 1/4 inch plus or minus. Each block shall be machine concaved to a radius of 3 5/8 inches, and to a depth of 3/4 inch. The size and hole l ocation shall be as shown on the plans . Blockouts shall be of medium grain, at least 4 rings per inch, and free from splits, shakes, compression wood or decay in any form. Individual knots, knot clusters or knots in the same cross section of a face are p ermitted, provided they are sound or firm, and are limited in cumulative width (when measured between lines paralleled to the edges) to no more than one third the width of the face. Grain deviation is limited to 1 inch in 6 inches. The material may be sa wn or surfaced.
1014.02.4 Glulam Poles, Posts, and Braces . Glulam poles shall
comply with ANSI 05.2. Glulam posts and braces shall comply with ANSI 05.3. Glulam is not to be used for pile applications.
1014.03 TIMBER PRESERVATIVES . The type preservatives to be
used are as follows:
1014.03.1 Creosote (CR): For creosote used for land and fresh and
coastal water applications, comply with AWPA P1/P13.
1014.03.2 Creosote Solutions (CR -S): For creosote solutions for
fresh and coastal water applications, comply with AWPA P2.
1014.03.3 Pentachlorop henol -Petroleum Solution (Penta):
Comply with AWPA P35.
1014.03.4 Copper Naphthenate (CuN): Comply with AWPA
P8/P9.
1014.03.5 Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA): Comply with
AWPA P23, Type C.
1014.03.6 Ammoniacal Copper Zinc Arsenate (ACZA):
Comply with AWPA P22.
1014.03.7 Alkaline Copper Quat (ACQ): Comply with AWPA
P26 for Type A (ACQ -A). Comply with AWPA P27 for Type B (ACQ -B). Comply with P28 for Type C (ACQ -C). Guard rail timber species (blockouts/braces) shall be the same as those furnished for the timber posts. The actual finished size of blockouts for round timber posts shall be 5 3/4 inch square, with a tolerance of 1/8 inch plus or minus. Each of the four corners of e ach block shall be machined down to provide a flat 1 inch surface the entire length of the block with a tolerance of 1/4 inch plus or minus. Each block shall be machine concaved to a radius of 3 5/8 inches, and to a depth of 3/4 inch. The size and hole l ocation shall be as shown on the plans . Blockouts shall be of medium grain, at least 4 rings per inch, and free from splits, shakes, compression wood or decay in any form. Individual knots, knot clusters or knots in the same cross section of a face are p ermitted, provided they are sound or firm, and are limited in cumulative width (when measured between lines paralleled to the edges) to no more than one third the width of the face. Grain deviation is limited to 1 inch in 6 inches. The material may be sa wn or surfaced.
1014.02.4 Glulam Poles, Posts, and Braces . Glulam poles shall
comply with ANSI 05.2. Glulam posts and braces shall comply with ANSI 05.3. Glulam is not to be used for pile applications.
1014.03 TIMBER PRESERVATIVES . The type preservatives to be
used are as follows:
1014.03.1 Creosote (CR): For creosote used for land and fresh and
coastal water applications, comply with AWPA P1/P13.
1014.03.2 Creosote Solutions (CR -S): For creosote solutions for
fresh and coastal water applications, comply with AWPA P2.
1014.03.3 Pentachlorop henol -Petroleum Solution (Penta):
Comply with AWPA P35.
1014.03.4 Copper Naphthenate (CuN): Comply with AWPA
P8/P9.
1014.03.5 Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA): Comply with
AWPA P23, Type C.
1014.03.6 Ammoniacal Copper Zinc Arsenate (ACZA):
Comply with AWPA P22.
1014.03.7 Alkaline Copper Quat (ACQ): Comply with AWPA
P26 for Type A (ACQ -A). Comply with AWPA P27 for Type B (ACQ -B). Comply with P28 for Type C (ACQ -C).
Source: Louisiana Standard Specifications for Roads and Bridges, 2016 Edition. Pages 1070–1071 of 1,145.