Section 619 — Fences, Gates, Cattle Guards, and Bollards
Description
619.01This work consists of constructing, and removing and resetting fences, gates, cattle guards, and bollards.
Material
619.02Conform to the following Section and Subsection: Fencing and mesh fabrics 710 Neat hydraulic cement grout 701.04(a) (2)
Construction Requirements
619.03General. Clear along the fence line. Remove and dispose of trees, brush, logs, upturned stumps, roots of downed trees, rubbish, and debris according to Subsections 203.05 and 203.07. Grubbing is not required, except where short and abrupt changes in the ground contour require removal of stumps to properly grade the fence line. Remove or cut stumps according to Subsection 201.04(b) . Perform clearing and leveling with minimum disturbance to the terrain outside the fence line. Schedule the fence installation, provide temporary fence, or other adequate means to prevent traffic (such as pedestrian, livestock, and vehicular) f rom entering the project right- of-way, easements, or adjoining properties. At bridges, cattle underpasses, and culverts, connect new fence to structure to allow free passage of livestock under or through the structure. Construct cast -in-place concrete acco rding to Section 601, where required. Construct precast concrete according to Section 578, where required.
619.04Fences and Gates.
(a)Chain link fence and gates.
(1)Posts. Space posts at no more than 10- foot intervals. Measure the post spacing interval horizontally. Set posts vertically. Where solid rock is encountered without overburden, drill line post holes at least 14 inches deep. Drill end, corner, gate, and pull posts at least 20 inches deep in the solid rock. Make the hole width or diameter at least 1 inch greater than the post width or diameter. Cut the post to the required length before installation or drill the hole deep enough to set the post at the required height. Set and plumb the post and fill the hole with grout. Thoroughly work the neat hydraulic cement grout into the hole to eliminate voids. Crown the grout to drain water away from the post. Where solid rock is covered with soil or loose rock overburden, set posts to the plan depth or to the minimum depth into the solid rock as specified above, whichever is less. If solid rock is encountered before the plan depth, grout the portion of the post in solid rock and backfill the post hole from the solid rock to the top of the ground with concrete. Provide end, gate, corner, and pull posts with adjacent brace posts as shown in the plans. A change in the fence alignment of 20 degrees or more is considered a corner.
(2)Top rail . Install top rails through the loop caps of the line posts, forming a continuous brace from end -to-end of each stretch of fence. Join lengths of top rail with sleeve -type couplings. Securely fasten top rails to terminal posts by pressed steel fittings or other approved means.
(3)Tension wire. Attach tension wire to en d, gate, corner, or pull posts by bands and clamps. Thread the top tension wire through the line post loop caps or hold in open slots to limit vertical movement. Tie or attach the bottom tension wire to the bottom of the line posts by ties or clamps to pre vent vertical movement. Apply sufficient tension to avoid excess sag between posts. On the top tension wire, provide one turnbuckle or ratchet take-up in each run of fence.
(4)Fence fabric. For fences placed on the right -of-way, place fence fabric on the post face away from the highway. On curved alignment, place the fence fabric on the post face on the outside of the curve. For residential fences and fences off the right -of-way, place fence fabric on the post face designated by the CO. Place the fabric approximately 1 inch above the ground and on a straight line between posts. Excavate high points of the ground to maintain grade. Do not fill in depressions without prior approval. Stretch the fabric taut and securely fasten the fabric to the posts. Do not stretch using a motor vehicle. Use stretcher bars and fabric bands to fasten to end, gate, corner, and pull posts or weave the fabric into the fastening loops of roll-formed posts. Fasten fabric to line posts using wire ties, metal bands, or other approved method. Fasten the top and bottom edge of the fabric with tie wires or hog rings to the top rail or tension wires as applicable. Join rolls of fabric by weaving a single strand into the ends of the rolls to form a continuous mesh.
(b)Gates. Fasten fabric to the e nd bars of the gate frame by stretcher bars and fabric bands. Fasten fabric to the top and bottom bars of the gate frame by tie wires similar to the method specified for fence fabric or by other approved standard methods. Thoroughly clean welded connections on gate frames where the smelter coating has been burned with a wire brush. Remove traces of the welding flux and loose or cracked smelter. Coat the cleaned areas with two coats of zinc -oxide coating material according to Section 563. Provide a concrete footing for the drop- bar locking device on double metal gates. Make a hole to receive the locking bar to the depth specified by the manufacturer of the locking device. Hinge each single gate to prevent removal of the gate without tools. Set the gate in an approximately horizontal plane. Set the gate so it swings freely inward and outward and fastens securely in its latch holder, or in the case of double gates, in its latch holder and gate stops. Set double gates on their respective hinge pintles to provide a common horizontal plane in which each single gate swings. Set gates to swing open at least 90 degrees in each direction.
(c)Wire fences and gates.
(1)Posts. Excavate holes for posts, footings, and anchors as shown in the plans. Space posts at intervals shown for the type of fence being installed. Measure post spacing interval parallel to the existing ground slope. Set posts in a vertical position. Backfill post holes in 6- inch lifts. Tamp and compact each lift. Wood posts may be driven in place if the method of driving does not damage the post. Metal posts may be driven. Set metal corner, gate, end, and pull posts in concrete. Where solid rock is encountered without overburden, drill line post holes at least 14 inches deep and end, corner, gate, and pull posts at least 20 inches deep in the solid rock. Make the hole width or diameter at least 1 inch greater than the post width or diameter. Cut the post to the required length before installation or drill the hole deep enough to set the post at the required height. Set and plumb the post and fill the hole with grout. Thoroughly work the grout into the hole to eliminate voids. Crown the grout to drain water away from the post. Metal posts set in this manner do not require anchor plate s and concrete footings. Where solid rock is covered with soil or loose rock overburden, set posts to the plan depth or to the minimum depth into the solid rock as specified above, whichever is less. If the depth of overburden is greater than 12 inches, us e an anchor plate on steel line posts and backfill steel end, corner, gate, and pull posts with concrete from the solid rock to top of the ground. If the depth of overburden is 12 inches or less, anchor plates and concrete backfill are not required. Grout the portion of the post in solid rock. Install corner posts at changes in alignment of 30 degrees or more. Where new fence joins an existing fence, set end or corner posts and attach as approved.
(2)Braces. Limit fence runs to no more than 650 feet between adjacent corner braces, gate braces, end braces, or line braces. Install line braces at uniform intervals so the distance between any two braces is 650 feet or less. Construct braces before placing the fence fabric and wires on posts.
(a)Metal braces. Provide corner posts and pull posts with two braces, one each direction from the post in the main fence line. Provide end posts and gate posts with one brace in the line of the fence. Attach metal braces to the metal end, corner, pull, and gate posts as shown in t he plans.
(b)Wood braces. Tap the posts to receive the braces. Anchor the brace to the post with three 16d nails or a ⅜- by 4-inch dowel. Install brace wires as shown and twist together until the entire assembly is taut and firm. Lightly notch the posts to position the brace wire. Drive three staples at each notch to secure wire.
(3)Barbed wire, smooth wire, and woven wire. Place barbed wire, smooth wire, and woven wire on the side of the post facing away from the highway. On curved alignment, place the barbed wire, smooth wire, and the woven wire on the post face on the outside of the curve. Tightly stretch and fasten barbed wire, smooth wire, and woven wire to the posts. Apply tension according to the manufacturer’s recommendations using a mechanical stretcher or other device designed for such use. Evenly distribute the pull over the longitudinal wires in the woven wire so no more than 50 percent of the original depth of the tension curves is removed. Do not use a motor vehicle to stretch the wire. Splicing of barbed wire, smooth wire, and woven wire between posts is allowed provided no more than two splices, spaced at least 50 feet apart, occur in a run of fence. Use wrap or telephone type splices for the longitudinal woven wire and barbed and smooth wire with each end wrapped around the other wire for at least six complete turns.
(4)Fastening barbed wire, smooth wire, and woven wire. End the woven wire, smooth wire, and barbed wire at each end, corner, gate, and pull post. Wrap each line of barbed wire, smooth wire, and each longitudinal wire of the woven wire around the post and then itself with at least four turns. Where wood posts are used, staple the wires tightly to the posts. At line posts, fasten the woven wire to the post at top and bottom and at intermediate points no more than 12 inches apart. Fasten each strand of barbed wire and smooth wire to each line post. Use wire ties or clamps to fasten the wires to metal posts. Securely splice tie wires to the fence on both sides of the post so there are two loops behind the post and one loop in front. On wood line posts, drive U -shaped staples diagonally across the wood grain so that both points do not enter between the same grain. In depressions where wire uplift occurs, drive staples with points slight ly upward. On level ground and over knolls, slope the points slightly downward. Drive the staples just short of actual contact with the wires to allow free longitudinal movement of those lines and to prevent damage to the protective coating. At grade depressions, alignment angles, and other locations where stresses tending to pull posts from the ground or out of alignment are created, snub or guy the wire fence. Attach the guy wire to each strand of barbed wire and smooth wire , and to the top and bottom wires of woven wire to maintain the entire fence in its normal shape. Attach the guy wire to a deadman anchor buried no more than 24 inches in the ground or to an approved anchor at a point that best serves to resist the pull of the wire fence. If necessary to guy the fence in solid rock, grout the guy wire in a hole 2 inches in diameter and 10 inches deep. Deadman may also be fastened to posts. Place the deadman anchors at locations as directed. Where required, install vertical cinch stays as shown in the plans. Twist the wire to allow weaving into the horizontal fence wires to provide rigid spacing. Weave barbed wires and smooth wires and the top, middle, and bottom wire of the woven wire as applicable, into the cinch stay. Where existing fence intersects the new fence, cut the existing fence material or, splice in kind new material as necessary, and fasten each longitudinal wire of the woven wire and each strand of the barbed wire and smooth wire to a new end post in line with or immediately adjacent to the n ew fence line.
(5)Gates .
(a)Wire gates. Construct wire gates of the same material as the fence and as shown. Provide a taut and well -aligned closure of the opening, that can be readily opened and closed by hand.
(b)Metal gates. Install metal gates and fittings to g ate posts previously set. Firmly attach the fittings to the posts and gates. Hinge each single gate to prevent removal of the gate without tools. Set the gate in a horizontal plane. Set the gate so it swings freely inward and outward and fastens securely i n its latch holder, or in the case of double gates, in its latch holder and gate stops. Set double gates and their respective pintles to provide a common horizontal plane in which each single gate swings. Set gates to swing open at least 90 degrees in each direction. For double gates, provide a drop- bar locking device with a concrete footing 12 inches in diameter and 12 inches deep. Crown the top of the footing and make a hole to receive the locking bar. Make the diameter and depth of the hole in the footing as specified by the manufacturer of the locking device.
(c)Wood gates. Install wood gates similar to metal gates and as shown in the plans.
619.05Grounding Fences. Where an electric line crosses the fence line, ground the fence. Drive an 8 -foot long, ½- inch minimum diameter galvanized steel rod into the ground under the fence directly below the point of crossing. Drive the rod vertically until the top is 6 inches below the ground surface. Connect the grounding rod to each fence element with a ¼- inch diameter solid copper conductor or equivalent. Either braze the connections or fasten with noncorrosive clamps. Where an electric line runs parallel or nearly parallel to and above the fence, ground the fence at each end or gate post or at intervals no more than 1600 feet. Where vertical penetration of the grounding rod cannot be accomplished, use an equivalent horizontal grounding system.
619.06Remove and Reset Fence and Gate. Salvage the existing fence and gate according to Subsection 203.04. If posts are set in concrete, remove concrete from old post and reset in new concrete. Replace fence and gate material damaged beyond reuse. Reset to approximately the same condition as the original. Firmly reset posts on new alignment. Space posts and attach the horizontal members or wires to posts the same as the original fence and gate. Provide and use new material to fasten members or wires to posts.
619.07Temporary Fence. If necessary, construct temporary fence to ke ep traffic (such as pedestrian, livestock, and vehicular) off the project. Maintain the temporary fence during construction of the project or until the fence is directed to be removed. Dispose of temporary fence according to Subsection 203.07.
619.08Cattle Guards.
(a)Excavating and backfilling. Excavate and backfill according to Section 209. Excavate foundation to depth with sufficient space for proper installation of formwork. If the cattle guard is to be installed on new embankment, construct the embankment according to Section 204 before excavating for the footing.
(b)Concrete foundation. Concrete cattle guard foundations may be cast -in-place or precast. If placing cattle guard in cast -in-place concrete, set cattle guard units in the foundation concrete before it hardens. Finish stringer bearings to allow full bearing under each stringer. Firmly seat cattle guard on the concrete to prevent rocking.
(c)Cattle guard. Provide cattle guards with HS -20 loading rating according to AASHTO, LRFD Bridge Design Specifications . Provide suitable cleanouts. Submit drawings according to Subsection 104.06. Fabricate cattle guard s according to Section 555. Assemble and place cattle guards as shown in the plans. Securely fasten the cattle guard to the foundation. Fasten the metal wings as shown in the plans. Connect fences and gates as shown in the p lans. Weld according to AASHTO/AWS, Bridge Welding Code D1.5 (D1.5M) .
(d)Coating. Coat according to Section 563. Apply one shop coat to metal parts. Apply two additional coats in either the shop or in the field.
619.09Bollard s. Drill holes for bollards. Set posts plumb, backfill with approved material, and compact.
619.10Acceptance. Material for fences, gates, cattle guards, and bollards will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.03. Construction of fences, gates, cattle guards, and bollards will be evaluated under Subsections 106.02 and 106.04. Coatings will be evaluated under Section 563. Embankment for cattle guard will be evaluated under Section 204. Excavation and backfill will be evaluated under Section 209. Minor concrete will be evaluated under Section 601. Precast elements will be evaluated under Section 578. Steel structures will be evaluated under Section 555.
Measurement
619.11Measure the Section 619 pay items listed in the bid schedule according to Subsection 109.02 .
Payment
619.12The accepted quantities will be paid at the contract price per unit of measurement for the Section 619 pay items listed in the bid schedule. Payment will be full compensation for the work prescribed in this Section. See Subsection 109.05 .