Section 713 — Roadside Improvement Material
713.01Topsoil.
(a)Provided topsoil. Provide fertile, friable, free draining, sandy loam soil that is free of subsoil, refuse, stumps, roots, brush, weeds, rocks larger than 1 inch, or other substances detrimental to the development of plant growth. Conform to the following:
(1)Texture
(a)Organic matter, AASHTO T 267 3.0 to 10.0 percent
(b)Sand, AASHTO T 88 20 to 70 percent
(c)Silt, AASHTO T 88 10 to 60 percent
(d)Clay, AASHTO T 88 5 to 30 percent
(2)pH, AASHTO T 289 6.0 to 8.0
(b)Conserved topsoil. Conform to Subsection 204.02(c) .
713.02Agricultural Limestone. Provide calcic or dolomitic ground limestone conforming to the standards of the Association of Official Analytical Collaboration (AOAC) International, applicable Federal and state rules and regulations, and the following:
(a)Purity (calcium and magnesium) carbonates 75 percent minimum
(b)Gradation Table 713-1 Table 713-1
Agricultural Limestone Gradation
Sieve Size Minimum Percent by Mass
Passing Designated Sieve
(AASHTO T 27) No. 10 90 No. 40 50 Granulated slag or other approved natural sources of lime may be used provided the application rate is adjusted to equal the total neutralizing power of the specified ground limestone.
713.03Fertilizer. Provide standard commercial grade dry formulated fertilizer conforming to the standards of the AOAC International, a pplicable Federal and state rules and regulations, and required minimum percentages of available nutrients. Provide the fertilizer in new, clean, sealed, and properly labeled containers with name, mass, and guaranteed analysis of contents clearly marked. Liquid fertilizer containing the minimum percentage of available nutrients may be used.
713.04Seed. Conform to the Federal Seed Act, the Federal Plant Protection Act, and applicable state and local seed and noxious weed laws. Do not use wet, moldy, contaminated, or damaged seed. Provide each seed type in separate sealed containers. Clearly label each container with the following:
(a)Name and type of seed;
(b)Lot number;
(c)Net mass;
(d)Percent of purity, germination, and hard seed;
(e)Percent of maximum weed seed content ;
(f)Seed origin;
(g)Noxious weeds present;
(h)Other crop seed;
(i)Inert matter;
(j)Name and address of seed distributor; and
(k)Mixture percent of each component. Inoculate legume seed with approved cultures according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
713.05Mulch.
(a)Straw. Provide certified weed free straw from oats, wheat, rye, rice, or other grain crops that is not discolored, brittle, rotten, or moldy. Provide straw in an air -dry condition suitable for placing with mulch blower equipment.
(b)Wood fiber. Provide processed wood fiber from wood chips conforming to the following:
(1)Colored with a green dye non-injurious to plant growth;
(2)Readily dispersible in water;
(3)Nontoxic to seed or other plant material;
(4)Free of growth or germination inhibiting substances;
(5)Free of weed seed;
(6)Air dried to a moisture content of 12±3 percent;
(7)Packaged in new containers labeled with the manufacturer’s name; and 822 (8) Packaged in a condition appropriate for mixing in a homogeneous slurry sui table for application with power spray equipment.
(c)Grass straw cellulose fiber. Provide processed grass straw fiber conforming to the following:
(1)Colored with a green dye non-injurious to plant growth;
(2)Readily disper sible in water;
(3)Nontoxic to seed or other plant material;
(4)Free of growth or germination inhibiting substances;
(5)Free of weed seed;
(6)Air dried to a moisture content of 10±0.2 percent;
(7)Air dried to a uniform mass of ±5 percent;
(8)Packaged in new containers labeled with the manufacturer’s name and air -dry mass; and
(9)Packaged in a condition appropriate for mixing in a homogeneous slurry suitable for application with power spray equipment.
(d)Peat moss. Provide a granulated sphagnum peat moss conforming to the following:
(1)Sticks, stones, and mineral matter 0 percent
(2)Partially decomposed stems and leaves of sphagnum 75 percent minimum
(3)Color Brown
(4)Textured from porous fibrous to spongy fibrous
(5)pH 3.5 to 7.5
(6)Air-dried
(e)Mature compost. Provide partially decomposed organic material, (such as leaves, grass, shrubs, and yard trimmings) cured for 4 to 8 weeks. Maturity is indicated by temperature stability and soil like odor. Provide friable, dark brown, weed- free, and pathogen- free mature compost conforming to the following:
(1)Carbon/nitrogen ratio 25/1 to 35/1
(2)Carbon/phosphorus ratio 120/1 to 240/1
(3)pH 6.0 to 7.8
(4)Water content 40 percent maximum
(5)Particle size
(a)Seeding and sodding 1⁄2 inch maximum
(b)Erosion control 1 inch maximum
(6)Organic material 50 percent minimum
(7)Synthetic, plastic, metal, or glass material 2 percent maximum
(f)Straw for hydroseeding. Provide clean agricultural straw milled to 1 inch or less in length. Dry the fibers to 10 percent moisture for compaction. Bale in heat- sealed plastic bags.
(g)Bonded fiber matrix hydromulch. Provide a mixture of fibers and bonding agent which, when hydraulically applied and dried, produce a matrix conforming to the following:
(1)Does not dissolve or disperse when wetted;
(2)Holds at least 10 ounces of water per ounce of dry matrix;
(3)Has no germination or growth inhibiting factors;
(4)Forms no water insensitive crust;
(5)Contains material that is 100 percent biodegradable; and
(6)Is colored with a green dye non-injurious to plant growth.
(h)Recycled pulp fiber. Provide cellulose fiber mulch products manufactured from natural material diverted from the waste -stream of manufacturing processes or produced f rom recycled material. These include newsprint, chipboard, corrugated cardboard, wood chips, and similar material. Process the material to eliminate substances that inhibit seed germination and plant growth. Add a colored dye that is non -injurious to plant growth and fades rapidly with exposure to light. Provide fiber that readily blends with water, grass seed, fertilizer, and other additives to form a slurry suitable for application with power spray equipment. Provide a homogeneous mixture conforming to the following:
(1)Synthetic, plastic, metal, or glass material 0 percent
(2)Weed seed 0 percent
(3)Moisture content 15 percent maximum
(4)Ash content 7 percent maximum
(5)Organic matter 90 percent minimum
(6)Boron 250 ppm maximum
(7)Water -holdi ng capacity 800 to 1200 percent by mass
(8)pH 4.0 to 8.5 824 (i) Wood chips. Provide wood chips from local sources including clearing. Maximum size of chips is 4 by 2 by ½ inches.
713.06Plant Material. Unless otherwise specified, conform to the American Standard for Nursery Stock .
(a)Quality of plant material. Provide plants that are excellent representatives of their normal species or varieties. Provide nursery grown stock that has been transplanted or root -trimmed two or more times according to the kind and size of plant. Provide plants with a normally developed branch system. Do not provide plants with disfiguring knots, sun- scald, injuries, abrasions of the bark, dead or dry wood, broken terminal growth, or other disfigurements. Provide trees with reasonably straight stems and well branched and symmetrical branches according to their natural habits of growth.
(b)Plant names. For scientific and common plant names, conform to the United States Departm ent of Agriculture (USDA) PLANTS Database. Clearly tag and identify plants by name and size.
(c)Grading standards. Conform to the latest edition of the American Standard for Nursery Stock ANSI Z60.1.
(d)Nursery inspection and plant quarantine. Provide plants that are without plant diseases and insect pests. Comply with nursery inspection and plant quarantine rules and regulations of the states of origin and destination including Federal rules and regulations governing interstate movement of nursery stock. Provide a valid copy of the certificate of inspection with each package, box, bale, or carload shipped or otherwise delivered.
(e)Balled and burlapped plants. Provide plants from the original and undisturbed soil in which the plants were grown. Dig balled and burlapped plants to retain as many fibrous roots as possible. Wrap, transport, and handle the plants so the soil ball and small fibrous roots remain intact.
713.07Cellular Confinement Systems. Provide a flexible honeycomb three -dimensional structure fabricated from light stabilized polyethylene plastic. Conform to the following:
(a)Functional longevity 120 months minimum
(b)Cell area 31.0 to 46.5 in2
(c)Sheet thickness, ASTM D751 48.8 to 49.6 mils
(d)Density, ASTM D792 0.549 to 0.555 oz/in3
(e)Carbon black content, ASTM D1603 1.5 to 2.5 percent
(f)Environmental stress -cracking, ASTM D1693 2000 hours minimum
(g)Conform to Table 713-2 for the depth specified. Table 713-2
Cellular Confinement Systems
Property Requirements
Nominal
cell depth , inch 2 3 4 6 8
Cell joint
Strength , pound 110 minimum 160 minimum 225 minimum 315 minimum 450 minimum
713.08Miscellaneous Planting Material.
(a)Stakes for bracing and anchoring. Conform to the American Softwood Lumber Standard (Voluntary Product Standard PS 20) . Fabricate stakes for bracing and anchoring trees from rough cypress, cedar, locust, or other approved wood essentially without knots, rot, crossgrain, or other defects that would impair the strength of the stake. Provide stakes with a minimum 2 - by 2- inch square cross- section and adequate length. Provide anchor stakes of the same size and quality as bracing stakes. Provide deadman anchors with the diameter and length specified.
(b)Hose. Provide 1- inch diameter hose (rubber and fabric) to be used with wire for bracing and anchoring trees.
(c)Wire. Provide 0.15- inch diameter soft annealed galvanized steel wire for bracing and anchoring trees.
(d)Wrapping material. Provide 4-inch- wide rolls of waterproo f paper (triple lamination 30-30-30) or 6-inch-wide rolls of burlap for wrapping trees.
(e)Twine. Provide two- ply twine for trees 3 inches and less in diameter and three- ply twine for trees over 3 inches in diameter for tying wrapping material to the trees.
(f)Antidesiccant. If approved, provide a commercially available antidesiccant emulsion to provide a film over plant surfaces that is permeable enough to allow transpiration.
(g)Tree wound dressing. Provide a commercially available product with asphalt base and fungicide. Provide material that is antiseptic, waterproof, adhesive, and elastic. Do not use material that is harmful to living tree tissue (such as kerosene, coal tar, or creosote).
713.09Sod. Provide living vigorous sod of the type of grass and thickness specified. Provide sod with a dense root system that is free of noxious weeds and grasses. Before taking up the sod, cut the top growth to less than 3 -inch height.
713.10Pegs for Sod. Provide square or round pegs of sound wood conforming to the following:
(a)Length 8 inches minimum
(b)Approximate cross- sectional area 1 square inch 826 713.11 Tackifiers. Provide a commercially available product containing no solvents or other diluting agents toxic to plant life that is without growth or germination inhibiting factors, nonflammable, nontoxic to aquatic organisms, and functional for at le ast 180 days.
(a)General purpose tackifier. Provide one of the following:
(1)Plant based tackifier. Provide a natural high molecular weight polysaccharide, a high viscosity hydrocolloid that is miscible in water, and labeled as one of the following:
(a)Guar gum. A product derived from the ground endosperm of the guar plant, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, treated with dispersing agents for easy mixing and dilutable at the rate of 1 to 5 pounds per 100 gallons of water.
(b)Psyllium. A product manufactured from the finely ground mucilloid coating of Plantago ovata or Plantago ispaghula seeds; able to dry and form a firm, but rewettable membrane.
(c)Starch. A product manufactured from a nonionic, water -soluble, granular material derived from corn, potato, or other plant-based source.
(2)Polymeric emulsion blend tackifier. Provide a prepackaged liquid or dry powder, anionic formulation with a residual monomer content no more than 0.05 percent by mass and labeled with one of the following as the primary active ingredient:
(a)Acrylic copolymers and polymers;
(b)Polymers of methacrylates and acrylates;
(c)Copolymers of sodium acrylates and acrylamides;
(d)Polyacrylamide and copolymer of acrylamide; or
(e)Hydrocolloid polymers.
(b)Polymer stabilized fiber matrix tackifier. Provide the following:
(1)A liquid formulation with polyacrylamide as the primary active ingredient with the following requirements:
(a)Linear, anionic copoly mer of acrylamide and sodium acrylate; and
(b)Anionic with a residual monomer content that is no more than 0.05 percent by mass.
(2)Formulated and labeled as one of the following:
(a)Water -in-oil emulsion. A product containing at least 2.6 pounds per gallon pure polyacrylamide that is at least 30 percent active; or
(b)Liquid dispersed polyacrylamide. A product containing at least 4.4 pounds per gallon pure polyacrylamide that is at least 35 percent active.
713.12Fiber Rolls.
(a)Excelsior fiber rolls. Provide fiber rolls of curled excelsior fiber rolled into a cylindrical shape and encased in a tubular netting.
(b)Straw fiber rolls. Provide straw fiber rolls that are manufactured from certified weed free straw and wrapped in a tubular netting.
(c)Coir fiber rolls. Provide coir fiber rolls that are 100 percent coconut fiber rolled into a cylindrical shape and encased in a tubular netting.
(d)Compost fiber rolls. Provide tubular netting filled with mature co mpost conforming to Subsection 713.05(e) .
(e)Tubular netting for fiber rolls. Provide biodegradable tubular netting with openings no larger than ⅜ inch. Provide tubular netting diameter according to the plans. Do not use monofilament netting or similar material.
713.13Gravel Bags. Provide woven fabric bags with a minimum water flow rating of 145 gallons per minute per foot as tested by ASTM D4491. Fill the bags with clean coarse aggregate.
713.14Sandbags. Use clean, silt free material for sand filler. Conform to the following:
(a)Bag material canvas, geotextile, or burlap
(b)Volume per bag ⅓ ft3 minimum
713.15Temporary Culvert Pipe. Provide temporary culvert pipe fabricated from corrugated metal, plastic, or concrete. Provide temporary culvert pipe placed beneath the traveled way conforming to HS -20 (M-18) loading rating in AASHTO, LRFD Bridge Design Specifications .
713.16Silt Fence.
(a)Geotextile. Conform to Table 7 of AASHTO M 288.
(b)Posts. Conform to the following:
(1)Wood posts. Conform to the following:
(a)1½ inches by 1½ inches by 4 feet minimum dimensions;
(b)Untreated fir, redwood, cedar, or pine, cut from sound timber with no loose or unsound knots; and
(c)Pointed on end driven in ground.
(2)Steel posts. Conform to the following:
(a)48 inches minimum length;
(b)Cross -section shape that can resist failure from lateral loads (T -shaped, U -shaped, or L-shaped); and 828 (c) 0.75 pound per foot minimum mass.
(c)Silt fence reinforcement. Provide a wire mesh consisting of 14- gauge steel with mesh spacing of 6 by 6 inches or prefabricated polymeric mesh of equivalent strength.
713.17Rolled Erosion Control Products. Provide RECP conforming to Table 713-3 and the following:
(a)Type 1.A, ultra- short -term netting or open weave textiles. Provide a photodegradable synthetic mesh or woven biodegradable natural fiber netting.
(b)Type 1.B, ultra -short -term net -less rolled erosion control blankets. Provide natural or polymer fibers mechanically interlocked or chemically adhered together.
(c)Type 1.C, ultra- short -term single -net erosion control blankets. Provide a processed degradable natural or polymer fibers mechanically bound together by a single rapidly degrading, synthetic or natural fiber netting (d) Type 1.D, ultra- short -term double -net erosion control blankets. Provide a processed degradable natural or polymer fibers mechanically bound together between two rapidly degrading, synthetic or natural fiber nettings.
(e)Type 2.A, short -term netting or open weave textiles. Provide a photodegradable synthetic mesh or woven biodegradable natural fiber netting. (f) Type 2.B, short -term net -less rolled erosi on control blankets. Provide a natural or polymer fibers mechanically interlocked or chemically adhered together.
(g)Type 2.C, short -term single -net erosion control blankets. Provide processed degradable natural or polymer fibers mechanically bound together by a single degradable synthetic or natural fiber netting. (h) Type 2.D, short -term double -net erosion control blankets. Provide processed degradable natural or polymer fibers mechanically bound between two degradable, synthetic or natural fibe r nettings. (i) Type 3.A, extended -term open weave textiles. Provide an open weave textile composed of processed slow degrading natural or polymer yarns or twines woven into a continuous matrix.
(j)Type 3.B, extended -term erosion control blankets. Provide an erosion control blanket composed of processed slow degrading natural or polymer fibers mechanically bound together between two slow degrading synthetic or natural fiber nettings to form a continuous matrix.
(k)Type 4.A, long- term open weave textiles. Provide an o pen weave textile composed of processed slow degrading natural or polymer yarns or twines woven into a continuous matrix. (l) Type 4.B, long- term erosion control blankets. Provide an erosion control blanket composed of processed slow degrading natural or polymer fibers mechanically bound together between two slow degrading synthetic or natural fiber nettings to form a continuous matrix. Do not use monofilament netting or similar material. Table 713-3
Rolled Eros ion Control Product Type
Property Test
Method 1.A(1) 1.B 1.C 1.D 2.A(1) 2.B 2.C 2.D 3.A 3.B 4.A 4.B
Typical
functional longevity , months(2) N/A 3 3 3 3 12 12 12 12 24 24 36 36 Maximum "C" factor(3) ASTM D6459(6) 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Maximum
gradient slope(4) N/A 1V:5H 1V:3H 1V:3H 1V:2H 1V:5H 1V:3H 1V:3H 1V:2H 1V:2H 1V:1.5H 1V:1H 1V:1H
Minimum shear
stress , lb/ft2 (5) ASTM D6460(6) 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.75 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.00 2.25 2.25
Minimum MD
material tensile strengt h, lb/ft ASTM D6818 125 125 60 75 125 125 60 75 100 100 100 100
Minimum TD
material tensile strength , lb/ft ASTM D6818 10 10 20 40 10 10 20 40 40 40 40 40
Material
thickness , inch ASTM D6525 >0.03 >0.30 >0.25 to <0.50 >0.25 to <0.50 >0.03 >0.30 >0.25 to <0.50 >0.25 to <0.50 >0.20 to <0.40 >0.25 to <0.50 >0.20 to <0.40 >0.20 to <0.50
Ground
coverage ASTM D6567 >3% >50% to <90% >50% to <90% >50% to <90% >3% >50% to <90% >50% to <90% >50% to <90% >40% >50% to <95% >50% >50% to <95%
Material mass ,
oz/yd2 ASTM D6475 >0.2 >10.0 >8.0 >8.0 >0.2 >10.0 >8.0 >8.0 >11.0 >8.0 >20.0 >8.0
(1)Obtain the C Factor and permissible shear stress for Types 1.A. and 2.A. mulch control nettings with netting used in conjunction with pre‐applied mulch material.
(2)Functional longevities are for guidance only. Actual functional longevities may vary based on site and climatic condition s.
(3)Maximum C Factor from standardized large‐scale rainfall performance testing, ASTM D6459 , or approved equivalent.
(4)Maximum recommended gradient for the product for rainfall and slope application.
(5)Minimum shear stress RECP (unvegetated) can sustain without physical damage or excess erosion (greater than 0.5 in soil loss) during a 30‐minute flow event in large‐ scale performance testing, ASTM D6460 , or approved equivalent.
(6)Or other approved large -scale test methods.
713.18Turf Reinforcement Mats. Provide turf reinforcement mat composed of UV -stabilized non-degradable synthetic fibers, filament, nets, wire mesh, or other elements processed into a permanent, three -dimensional matrix conforming to Table 713-4. Table 713-4
Turf Reinforcement Mats
Property(1) Test Method Rolled Erosion Control Product Type 5.A 5.B 5.C 5.D 5.E(2) 5.F(2) Maximum gradient N/A 1V:1H 1V:1H 1V:0.5H 1V:0.5H 1V:0.5H 1V:0.5H
Performance test
unvegetated shear stress , lb/ft2 (4),(5),(6) ASTM D6460 >2.0 >2.0 >2.0 >2.0 >2.0 >2.0
Performance test
vegetated shear stress , lb/ft2 (4),(5),(7) ASTM D6460 >6.0 >8.0 >10.0 >12.0 >12.0 >14.0 Seedling emergence(4) ASTM D7322 >250% >250% >250% >250% >250% >250%
Minimum MD material
tensile Strength , lb/ft (3),(4),(8) ASTM D6818 150 175 200 325 1500 3000
Minimum TD material
tensile Strength , lb/ft (3),(4),(8) ASTM D6818 150 175 200 225 1500 3000 Material mass , oz/yd2 (4) ASTM D6566 >8.0 >8.0 >8.0 >8.0 >8.0 >8.0
Minimum material
thickness , inch(4) ASTM D6525 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 UV stability(4) ASTM D4355 >80% @500 hours ≥ 80% @500 hours ≥ 80% @1000 hours ≥ 80% @1000 hours ≥ 90% @1000 hours ≥ 80% @3000 hours
(1)For turf reinforcement mats containing degradable components, obtain property values on the nondegradable portion of the matting alone.
(2)For material Types 5.E and 5.F, property values tested according to ASTM D6818 and D6525 are reported as minimum average roll values (MARVs). MARVs are calculated as the typical minus two standard deviations. Statistically, it yields a 97.7 percent degree of confidence that any samples taken from QA testing will exceed the value reported.
(3)Minimum average roll values: MD = machine direction only, TD = transverse direction.
(4)Typical values are calculated as the average value. Statistically, it yields a 50 percent degree of confidence that any samples taken from QA testing will exceed the value reported.
(5)Acceptable large‐scale testing protocol may include ASTM D6460, or other approved independent testin g. Large scale performance testing typically involves limited soil types and vegetative stands; therefore, it is recommended that an appropr iate factor of safety be used in design and product selection.
(6)Required minimum stress turf reinforcement mat (u nvegetated) can sustain without physical damage or excess erosion (greater than 0.5 -inch soil loss) during a successive 30 -minute flow event in large -scale.
(7)Required minimum shear stress turf reinforcement mat (fully vegetated) can sustain without physical damage or excess erosion (greater than 0.5 -inch soil loss) during successive 30 -minute flow event in large -scale testing.
(8)Or other approved large -scale test methods. 831 713.19 Sediment Filter Bags. Provide rot and mildew resistant bags composed of a non- woven geotextile fabric conforming to Table 713-5 and the following:
(a)Minimum size 150 ft2
(b)Sewn-in sleeve to fit minimum 4 -inch pump discharge hose. Secure discharge hose with a hose clamp. Table 713-5 Sediment Filter Bag Geotextile Requirements
Property Test
Method
ASTM Units Specifications
Mass D3776 oz/yd2 8.0 Minimum grab tensile strength D4632 lb 205 Minimum tensile elongation at break D4632 % 50
Static California Bearing Ratio
puncture D6241 lb 500 to 700 Minimum trapezoid tear strength D4533 lb 80 Minimum ultraviolet resistance D4355 % 70 Minimum permittivity D4491 sec-1 1.4 Water flow rate D4491 gal/min/ft2 95 Apparent opening size D4751 US Sieve 80 to 100
713.20Prefabricated Filter Insert. Provide a commercially available prefabricated filter insert that provides a highflow bypass and meets the size and dimension of the catch basin or drop inlet. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.
713.21Floating Turbidity Curtains. Provide turbidity curtains that meet the intended application for the site conditions (flow, depth, width, wind, and wave activity). Provide turbidity curtains made of tightly woven nylon, plastic, or other nondeteriorating material conforming to Table 713-6 and the following:
(a)Fabric overlap, if more than one width of fabric is required;
(b)Supporting flotation buoyancy;
(c)Ballast chain (galvanized); and
(d)Dual galvanized wire rope load lines with a vinyl coating. Table 713-6 Floating Turbidity Curtain Material Requirements
Property Test Method
ASTM Units Specifications
Minimum grab tensile strength: machine direction D4632 lb 370 Minimum grab tensile strength: cross machine direction D4632 lb 250 Trapezoid tear strength: machine direction D4533 lb 100 Trapezoid tear strength: cross -machine direction D4533 lb 60 California Bearing Ratio puncture strength D6241 lb 500 Apparent opening size D4751 US standard sieve 70 4% permittivity D4491 s-1 0.28
713.22Plastic Lining. Provide a film or fabric that is serviceable for the duration of the installation.