380 410- 5 Basis of Payment: The accepted quantity of asphalt -rubber, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price for the asphalt -rubber mixture complete in place, including asphalt cement and crumb rubber. The accepted quantity of cover material, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price, complete in place, including precoating material, and rolling and removal of loose cover material. The accepted quantities of bituminous tack coat and time to apply tack coat will be paid for in accordance with the requirements of Section 404 of the specifications. The bidding schedule reflects a quantity of bituminous tack coat based on two applications of emulsified asphalt at the specified rate. No adjustment in the contract unit prices will be made because of a variation in the q uantities actually required to complete the work.
411- 1 Description: The work under this section shall consist of constructing Asphaltic Concrete Friction Course (Miscellaneous), hereinafter asphaltic concrete, by furnishing all materials, mixing at a plant, hauling and placing a mixture of aggregate materials, mineral admixture, and bituminous material (asphalt cement) to form a pavement course or to be used for other specified purposes, in accordance with the details shown on the project plans and the requirements of the specifications, and as directed by the Engineer . 411- 2 Materials: For comparative purposes, quantities shown in the bidding schedule have been calculated as shown in the Special Provisions. 411- 2.01 Mineral Aggregate: Mineral aggregate shall be separated into at least two stockpiles. No individual stockpile or hot bin usage shall be less than 3 percent of the total mineral aggregate. Coarse mineral aggregate shall consist of crushed gravel, crushed rock, or other approved inert materials with similar characteristics, or a combination thereof, conforming to the requirements of these specifications. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 381 Fine mineral aggregate or blend material shall consist of natural sand or of sand prepared from rock, or other approved inert materials, or a combination thereof, conforming to the requirements of these specifications. Mineral aggregate shall conform to the following requirements when tested in accordance with the applicable test methods. Mineral Aggregate Characteristics Test Method Requirement Abrasion AASHTO T 96 100 Rev., Max 9% 500 Rev., Max 40% Sand Equivalent Arizona Test Method 242 (After thoroughly sieving the sample, no additional cleaning of the fines from the plus No. 8 material is required.) Minimum 55 Fractured Coarse Aggregate Particles Arizona Test Method 212 Minimum 85% (at least two fractured faces) and minimum 92% (at least one fractured face) Flakiness Index Arizona Test Method 233 Maximum 25% Carbonates Arizona Test Method 238 Maximum 20% The gradation will be determined in accordance with Arizona Test Method 201, and shall conform to the requirements given below. Sieve Size Percent Passing Without Mineral Admixture With Mineral Admixture 3/8 Inch 100 100 No. 4 35 - 60 36 - 60 No. 8 10 - 18 11 - 19 No. 200 0 - 2.5 0 - 3.5 411- 2.02 Mineral Admixture: Mineral admixture will be required. The amount used shall be 1.0 percent, by weight of the mineral aggregate. Mineral admixture shall be either Portland cement, blended hydraulic cement, or hydrated lime conforming to the following requirements: TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 382 MINERAL ADMIXTURE Material Requirement Portland Cement, Type I , or Type II ASTM C150 Blended Hydraulic Cement, Type IP ASTM C595 Hydrated Lime ASTM C1097
The certification and acceptance of Portland cement, blended hydraulic cement, and hydrated lime shall be in accordance with ADOT Materials Policy and Procedure Directive No. 13, "Certification and Acceptance of Hydraulic Cement, Fly Ash, Natural Pozzolan, Silica Fume, and Lime". 411- 2.03 Bituminous Material: Asphalt cement shall be a performance grade (PG) asphalt binder conforming to the requirements of Section 1005 of the specifications. The type of asphalt binder shall be as shown in the Special Provisions. The exact percent of asphalt cement to be used will be specified by the Engineer. The percent of asphalt cement used shall be based on the weight of total mix (asphalt cement, mineral aggregate, and mineral admixture). 411- 2.04 Proportions: The asphalt cement content will be specified by the Engineer and will be appropriate with the characteristics of the mineral aggregate furnished from which the asphaltic concrete is to be produced. 411- 2.05 Sampling and Testing: Sampling and testing the materials and mixture for quality control purposes shall be the c ontractor's responsibility. The contractor shall perform sufficient testing to assure that mineral aggregate and asphaltic concrete are produced which meet all specified requirements. The Engineer reserves the right to sample and test the materials and mi xture when necessary to determine that the materials and mixture reasonably conform to the requirements specified herein. 411- 3 Construction Requirements: 411- 3.01 General: The asphaltic concrete hot plant shall conform to the requirements of Section 403 of the specifications. Just prior to being placed, the asphaltic concrete shall be in a thoroughly mixed condition, free of lumps and crusts and at such a temperature as to be in a free flowing, workable condition. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 383 Before asphaltic concrete is placed, the surface to be paved shall be cleaned of all objectionable material and tacked with bituminous material in accordance with the requirements of Section 404 of the specifications. The temperature of asphaltic concrete or mineral aggregate upon discharge from the dryer shall not exceed 275 degrees F, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. Asphaltic concrete shall be placed only when the temperature of the surface on which the asphal tic concrete is to be placed is at least 75 degrees F. At any time, the Engineer may require that the work cease or that the work day be reduced in the event that weather conditions, either existing or expected, are anticipated to have an adverse effect upon the asphaltic concrete. The asphaltic concrete shall be placed, using approved equipment and methods, to the lines and grades shown on the project plans and as directed by the Engineer. The contractor shall schedule its paving operations to minimize exposed longitudinal edges. Unless otherwise approved by the Engineer, the contractor shall limit the placement of asphaltic concrete courses, in advance of adjacent courses, to one shift of asphaltic concrete production. The contractor shall schedule its paving operations in such a manner to eliminate exposed longitudinal edges over weekends or holidays. 411- 3.02 Compaction:
The temperature of the asphaltic concrete just prior to compaction shall be at least 200 degrees F.
Compacting and smoothing shall be accomplished by the use of static steel wheel compactors. Vibrator compactors may be used in the static mode only. The compactors shall be self -propelled and shall be operated with the drive wheel in the forward position. A minimum of three compactors shall be provided; however, sufficient compactors shall be provided so that the drums of the compactors when staggered will cover the entire width of the paving machine during initial breakdown. Compactors shall be operated in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Compactors shall be designed and properly maintained so that they are capable of accomplishing the required compaction. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 384 Compactors shall weigh not less than 8 tons.
A pass shall be defined as one movement of a compactor in either direction. Coverage shall be the number of passes as are necessary to cover the entire width being paved. Compaction shall consist of the following rolling sequence: Rolling Sequence Number of Coverages Initial 1 Finish 1 - 2
A sufficient number of compactors shall be used for initial breakdown so that when the compactors are staggered the entire width of the mat being laid is compacted with one forward pass of the compactors. The distance between the paving machine and the initial rolling shall not exceed 200 feet. A separate roller(s) shall be used for final compaction. The roller(s) used for final compaction shall follow as closely behind the initial breakdown rollers as possible. Compaction will be deemed to be acceptable on the condition that the asphaltic concrete is compacted using the type of compactors specified, ballasted and operated in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations and with the number of coverages of the compactors as specified. 411- 3.03 Acceptance: Asphaltic concrete will be accepted complete in place, if, in the judgment of the Engineer, the asphaltic concrete reasonably conforms to the requirements specified herein. Asphaltic concrete that is not acceptable and is rejected shall be replaced to the satisfaction of the Engineer and at no expense to the Department. 411- 4 Method of Measurement: Asphaltic concrete will be measured by the ton for the mixture actually used, which will include the weight of mineral aggregate, mineral admixture, and bituminous material. Measurement will include any quantity used in const ruction of intersections, turnouts, curbs, spillways and spillway inlets, ditches, catch basin entrances, median strips, sidewalks, or other miscellaneous items or surfaces. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 385 411- 5 Basis of Payment: 411- 5.01 General: The accepted quantities of asphaltic con crete, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per ton for the bituminous mixture complete in place. No direct payment will be made for the bituminous material and mineral admixture in the asphaltic concrete, or the bituminous material for tack coat and application of tack coat, the price being considered as included in the price paid for asphaltic concrete. Asphaltic concrete may be measured, by volume, upon the execution of a supplemental agreement which will specify the manner in which the volume is determined. The volume will include the volume of mineral aggregate, mineral admixture, and bituminous material. 411- 5.02 Reduction for Noncompliance: A reduction in payment to the contractor for asphaltic concrete will be made for quantities of asphalt cement (bituminous material) that do not meet the requirements of Section 1005 of the specifications as determined by corresponding test results. Adjustments in payment will be made in accordance with the requirements of Table 1005- 1 and the following formula: R=(100-P) x �(CP) x T 100� Where: R= Amount of reduction in payment (dollars) T= Quantity of asphalt cement in failure (tons, rounded to nearest 0.1) P= Percent of contract unit price allowed (Table 1005- 1) CP= Current Price for asphalt cement (bituminous material), as determined by the Department, for the month in which a deficiency was noted. This value will be posted on the ADO T Contracts and Specifications Group website, on or shortly after the last Wednesday of each month. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 386 SECTION 412 PAVEMENT FABRIC INTERLAYER : 412- 1 Description: The work under this section shall consist of furnishing and placing a pavement fabric and applying an asphalt binder coat between pavement layers or beneath a pavement overlay to provide a waterproofing and stress relieving membrane within the pavement structure, in accordance with the details shown on the project plans and the requirements of the specifications. 412- 2 Materials: 412- 2.01 Pavement Fabric: The pavement fabric shall be supplied in accordance wit h and conform to the material requirements of Subsections 1014- 1 and 1014- 2 of the specifications. 412- 2.02 Asphalt Binder Coat: The asphalt binder coat is used to bond or tack the fabric to the pavement and perform a sealant function, providing a barrier to moisture infiltration. The bituminous material for the binder coat shall be a performance grade (PG) asphalt binder conforming to the requirements of Section 1005 of the specifications, as approved by the Engineer . The use of cutback or emulsi fied asphalts will not be allowed. 412- 2.03 Blotter Material: Blotter material shall meet the requirements of Subsection 404- 2.02(B) of the specifications. 412- 2.04 Fabric Packaging, Handling , and Storing: The identification, packaging, handling , and storing of the geotextile fabric shall be in accordance with ASTM D4873. Fabric rolls shall be furnished with suitable wrapping for protection against moisture and extended ultraviolet exposure prior to placement. Each roll shall be labeled or tagged to provide product identification sufficient to determine the product type, manufacturer, quantity, l ot number, roll number, date of manufacture, shipping date, and the project number and name to which it is assigned. Rolls will be stored on the site or at another identified storage location in a manner which protects them from the elements. If stored o utdoors, they shall be elevated and protected with a waterproof cover. At no time, shall the fabric be exposed to ultraviolet light for a period exceeding seven days. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 387 412- 3 Construction Requirements: 412- 3.01 Weather Limitations: Neither the asphalt binder coat nor fabric shall be placed when weather conditions, in the opinion of the Engineer, are not suitable. For placement of the asphalt binder coat, the minimum air and pavement temp erature shall be 50 degrees F and rising. Air and pavement temperature shall also be sufficient to allow the asphalt binder coat to hold the fabric in place. 412- 3.02 Equipment:
The asphalt distributor truck shall meet the minimum requirements of Subsection 404- 3.02(A) of the specifications. The asphalt distributor truck shall be capable of spraying the asphalt binder coat at the application rate as approved by the Engineer. No streaking, skipping , or dripping will be perm itted. The distributor truck shall also be equipped with a hand spray attachment having a single nozzle and positive shut -off valve.
Mechanical or manual laydown equipment shall be capable of laying the fabric smoothly.
Stiff bristle brooms or squeegees to smooth the fabric, scissors or blades to cut the fabric, and brushes for applying asphalt at fabric overlaps shall be provided. Pneumatic rolling equipment to smooth the fabric into the asphalt binder, sanding equipment to apply a blotter sand, and brooming equipment may be required by the Engineer to improve the installation procedure. Refer to Subsections 404-3.02(B), (C), and
412- 3.03 Surface P reparation: The pavement surface on which the fabric is to be placed shall be cleaned to remove all dirt, water, oil and any vegetation or debris. 412- 3.04 Application of the Asphalt Binder Coat: The asphalt binder coat shall be uniformly spray applied to the prepared dry pavement surface by means of the asphalt distributor truck at the rate of 0.25 gallons per square yard or as recommended by the fabric manufacturer and as approved by the Engineer. Some underlying TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 388 surfaces may require a higher or lower application rate. A test strip may be necessary to determine the proper application rate. Application of the asphalt binder coat shall be primarily by the distributor truck spray bar with hand spraying kept to a minimum. Temperature of the asphalt binder c oat shall be sufficiently high to permit a uniform spray pattern. The minimum temperature of asphalt in the distributor tank shall be 290 degrees F. However, to avoid damage to the fabric, the asphalt temperature in the tank shall not exceed 325 degrees F. The target width of the asphalt binder application shall be the width of the pavement fabric plus 6 inches. The asphalt binder shall be applied only as far in advance of the fabric installation as is appropriate to ensure a tacky binder surface at the time of the fabric placement. Fabric shall be placed the same workshift as the asphalt binder coat is applied. Traffic shall not be allowed on the asphalt binder coat. Excess asphalt or spills shall be cleaned from the road surface to avoid flushing and fabric movement. 412- 3.05 Fabric Placement: The fabric shall be placed, with the heat bonded side up, on the asphalt binder coat using mechanical or manual laydown equipment capable of providing a smooth installation of the fabric with a minimum amount of wrinkling or folding. Placement of the fabric will take place prior to the time when the asphalt binder coat has cooled enough to start losing its tackiness. Wrinkles or folds which remain in the fabric and are large enough to be folded over 1/2 inch or more shall be slit and laid flat into the binder coat. Slit folds or wrinkles shall be shingle- lapped in the direction of the paving operation. Brooming and/or pneumatic rolling will be required to maximize fabric contact with underlying pavement surface. Overlap of fabric joints shall be a minimum of 3 inches to e nsure full closure of the joint, but shall not exceed 6 inches. Transverse joints shall be lapped in the direction of paving to prevent edge pickup by the paver. The center of a longitudinal overlapped joint shall be located within 1 foot of the center of a lane or within 1 foot of the centerline between two adjacent lanes. A second application of hand- placed asphalt binder may be required at laps and repairs as determined by the Engineer to ensure proper binding of the narrow double fabric layer. All areas with fabric placed shall be paved the same workshift. No vehicles or equipment except necessary construction equipment as approved by the Engineer and emergency vehicles will be allowed to drive on the fabric. Removal and replacement of any fabric that is damaged will be the responsibility of the cont ractor. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 389 412- 3.06 Application of Blotter Materials: Blotter material may be spread over asphalt -saturated fabric, if approved by the Engineer, to facilitate movement of equipment during construction or to prevent tearing or delamination of the fabric. If blotter sand is applied, excess quantities shall be removed from the fabric prior to placing the asphaltic concrete. 412- 3.07 Placement of the Asphalt ic Concrete: All a reas where fabric has been placed shall be paved with asphaltic concrete during the same work shift. Placement of the asphaltic concrete shall closely follow fabric lay down. The temperature of the asphaltic concrete when delivered shall not exceed 325 degrees F. In the event that asphalt binder coat bleeds through the fabric causing construction problems before the overlay is placed, the affected areas shall be blotted by spreading blotter sand. Excess sand shall be removed before beginning the paving operation. In the event of a rainfall on the fabric prior to the placement of the asphaltic concrete, the fabric must be allowed to dry completely before the asphalt ic concrete is placed. To avoid movement or damage to the fabric during the paving operation, the turning of the paver and other vehicles shall be gradual and kept to a minimum. 412- 4 Method of Measurement: The pavement fabric interlayer will be measured by the square yard, in- place. Bituminous material that is required for the asphalt binder coat will be measured by the ton. Time to apply the asphalt binder coat is defined as the hours within a work shift that an approved distributor truck containing the specified bituminous material is required by the Engineer to be at the work site. The time which is required to apply the asphalt binder coat will be measured to the nearest hour for the actual number of hours required in any one work shift; however, when the time required is less than four hours in any work day, the time will be measured as four hours. 412- 5 Basis of Payment: The accepted quantities of pavement fabric, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per square yard which price shall be full compensation for furnishing all labor, materials, and equipment, and performing all operations in connection with placing the pavement fabric interlayer as shown on the project plans and as specified and described herein. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX