SECTI ON 608 650 607- 5 Basis of Payment: The accepted quantities of breakaway posts, perforated posts, U - channel posts, and foundations for the sign posts, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit prices complete in place. The contract unit price paid per linear foot for each size of breakaway sign post, each type of perforated sign post and each installation of U - channel post designated in the bidding schedule shall include full compensation for furnishing all labor, materials, tools, equipment , and incidentals, and for doing all the work involved in furnishing and erecting the sign posts, complete in place, including galvanizing and furnishing all metal plates and hardware, all as shown on the plans and as specified herein. The contract unit price paid per unit for each type of sign foundation designated in the bidding schedule shall include full compensation for furnishing all labor, materials, tools, equipment , and incidentals, and for doing all the work involved in constructing foundations, complete in place, including the steel stub posts, lower base plate, and steel reinforcement (except for stub postsS 3 x 5.7 and S 4 x 7.7) for the breakaway sign post foundation; the portion of perforated post within the foundations; galvanizing the posts; and excavation, all as shown on the plans and as specified herein. The accepted quantities of slip base for the sign posts, measured as provided above, will be paid for at the contract unit price per each, complete in place. 608- 1 Description: The work under this section shall consist of furnishing and installing sign panels in accordance with the details shown on the plans and the requi rements set forth herein. The sign panels shall be of the following types:
Digitally -Imaged, or Demountable Characters;
Digitally -Imaged, Electronic- Cut, or Screen- Printed Characters;
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The work under this section shall also include furnishing and installing graffiti shield on overhead extruded sign panels in accordance with the details shown on the plans and as specified herein. 608- 2 Materials: 608- 2.01 General: Certificates of Compl iance, conforming to the requirements of Subsection 106.05 of the specifications, shall be submitted for all materials required for fabricating sign panels, including retroreflective sheeting. Shipment, storage, and handling of sign panels shall conform to the recommendations of the manufacturers of the sign panel components. Fabricated signs and overlay sheets shall be shipped on edge. Damage to the sign panel or legend resulting from banding, crating , or stacking may be cause for rejection of the signs. Signs shall be fabricated in accordance with the recommendations established by the manufacturer of the sign sheeting. All processes and materials used to make a sign shall in no way impact the performance, uniform appearance (day and night), or durability of the sheeting, or invalidate the sign sheeting manufacturers’ warranty. All sheeting used for background and legend shall be from the same manufacturer. Sign panels shall not be overlaid. All text a nd numerals shall all be installed at the same orientation: either zero degrees or 90 degrees. Design of letters and numbers shall be in accordance with the project plans with a tolerance of ± 1/16 of an inch. The contractor shall not paint the bolts or the washers unless otherwise specified. 608- 2.02 Extruded Aluminum Sign Panels with Direct -Applied, Digitally -Imaged, or Demountable Characters: Panels shall be fabricated from 12- inch wide aluminum extrusions formed from Aluminum Alloy 6063- T6 conforming to the requirements of ASTM B221 and fastened together by bolt connections as shown on the plans. Panel facing shall be covered with retroreflective sheeting of the color specified on the plans. The retroreflective sheeting shall conform to the requirements of Section 1007 of the specifications. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 652 The letters, numerals, symbols, borders, and other features of the sign message shall be direct -applied, digitally- imaged, or demountable, and shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 608- 2.02, Demountable Characters, Subsection 608- 2.08, Screen- Printed, Direct -Applied, or Electronic- Cut Characters, Subsection 608 -2.09, or Digitally -Imaged Characters, Subsection 608- 2.10 of the specifications. Panel surfaces to be covered with retroreflective sheeting shall be prepared in accordance with the recommendations of the sheeting manufacturer. Panel surfaces not covered with sheeting shall be etched in accordance with the recommendations of the extrusion manufacturer to reduce glare from reflected sunlight. After all fabrication has been completed, including the cutting and punching of holes, except holes for demountable letters, numerals, symbols, and borders, the aluminum extrusions shall be degreased and the retroreflective sheeting shall be applied. Aluminum extrusions shall be flat with 1/4 inch of tolerance allowed in an 8-foot length, with proportionally greater tolerances permitted on lengths greater than 8 feet. Flatness tolerance across the face of each extrusion shall be 0.5 percent of the width. Aluminum extrusions shall be bolted together on 12- inch centers with a maximum allowable gap of 1/32 inch between extrusions. Shop fabricated sub- assemblies shall be rigidly braced for transportation and erection. Hardware utilized to fasten panels to supports shall conform to the panel manufacturer's recommendations. Each completed sign panel shall be provided with a side trim molding fabricated from extruded Aluminum Alloy 6063- T6 conforming to the requirements of ASTM B221. The trim molding shall be fastened to each individual 12- inch aluminum extrusion with two 5/32- inch diameter self - plugging aluminum blind rivets, 2- 1/2 inches from either edge. The exposed surface of the side trim molding shall be treated by etching as recommended by the manufacturer to reduce glare from reflected sunlight. Each completed sign panel shall be shipped with sufficient bolt clamps placed to install the panel on the sign posts as shown in the plans. Bent bolt channels will be cause for rejection of the sign panel. 608- 2.03 Flat Sheet Aluminum Sign Panels With Direct - Applied , Digitally -Imaged, Electric -Cut or Screen - Printed Characters: Panels shall be fabricated from 0.125- inch thick 5052- H36, or 5052 -H38 Aluminum Alloy conforming to the requirements of ASTM B209. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 653 Panel facing shall be prepared and covered with retroreflective sheeting in accordance with the recommendations of the sheeting manufacturer. The color of the sheeting shall be as specified on the plans or as shown in the Manual of Approved Signs. All surfaces not covered shall be etched to reduce glare from reflected sunlight. The retroreflective sheeting shall conform to the requirements of Section 1007 of the specifications . Splicing of r etroreflective sheeting shall not be allowed on sign panels having a minimum dimension up to and including 4 feet. Messages shall be reflectorized white or, if called for on the plans, opaque black, and shall be produced by either screen printing, direct - applying, digital imaging, or electronic cutting, as specified under Subsections 608- 2.09 and 608- 2.10 of the specifications. 608- 2.04 Warning, Marker, and Regulatory Sign Panels: Panels shall be fabricated from flat sheet aluminum and shall be reflectorized as specified herein. Panels shall be fabricated in one piece from 0.125 -inch thick 5052- H36, 5052- H38, or 6061- T6 Aluminum Alloy conforming to the requir ements of ASTM B209. All surfaces of panels to be covered with retroreflective sheeting shall be prepared in accordance with the recommendations of the sheeting manufacturer. Surfaces not covered shall be etched to reduce glare from reflected sunlight. R etroreflective sheeting shall conform to the requirements of Section 1007 of the specifications. Warning signs shall be reflectorized with fluorescent yellow retroreflective sheeting. Regulatory signs shall be reflectorized with white retroreflective sheeting. Reflectorized red signs shall be reflectorized with white retroreflective sheeting. The red color shall be produced by screen printing. Regulatory signs with reflectorized red circles and slashes shall be reflectorized with white retroreflective sheeting. The red color shall be produced by screen printing. Interstate route markers shall be cut to shape. The colors and legend shall be as shown on the plans and shall be reflectorized with white retroreflective sheeting. The Interstate route colors shall be screen- TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 654 printed. The numerals may be screen- printed, electronic- cut, or direct - applied characters. United States, State Route, and Cardinal Direction markers shall be reflectorized with white retroreflective sheeting unless other wise shown on the plans. Splicing of retroreflective sheeting shall not be allowed on sign panels having the minimum dimension up to and including 4 feet. 608- 2.05 Route Shields (For Installation on Sign Panels): Route shields may be demountable, direct -applied, or digitally -imaged. Demountable route shields shall be cut to shape and shall consist of 0.063- inch thick, 5052- H36, or 5052- H38 Aluminum Alloy conforming to the requirements of ASTM B209. The aluminum shall be degreased and etched in accordance with the recommendations of the sheeting manufacturer. Retroreflective sheeting shall be white and shall conform to the requirements of Section 1007 of the specifications. Route shields shall be attached to the sign panel with self -plugging aluminum blind rivets. 608- 2.06 EXIT ONLY Panels (For Installation on Sign Panels): EXIT ONLY panels may be demountable, direct -applied, or digitally- imaged. Demountable EXIT ONLY panels shall be attached to the sign panel with self -plugging alum inum blind rivets. Demountable EXIT ONLY panels shall be fabricated from 0.063- inch thick, 5052- H36 or 5052- H38 Aluminum Alloy conforming to the requirements of ASTM B209 with fluorescent yellow retroreflective sheeting adhered to the face side. The aluminum shall be degreased and etched in accordance with the recommendations of the sheeting manufacturer. Retroreflective sheeting shall conform to the requirements of Section 1007 of the specifications. 608- 2.07 Retroreflective Sheeting, Inks, and Opaque Film: Retroreflective sheeting, sign- making inks, and opaque films shall conform to the requirements of Section 1 007 of the specifications. 608- 2.08 Demountable Characters:
Letters, numerals, symbols, route shields, borders, and other features of the sign message shall consist of cut -out, flat sheet aluminum legends, with direct -applied sign sheeting or other finishes, that are TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 655 mounted to the sign panel with rivets as described herein. All characters shall be placed on the signs in a straight and true fashion. Flat sheet aluminum substrates used for characters and borders shall b e either aluminum alloy 3105- H14, 3003- H14, 5052- H36, or 5052- H38 as specified in ASTM B209. Characters produced from the flat sheet aluminum alloy shall sit flat on the face of the sign panel without visible gap or deformation. The thickness for letters and numbers shall be 0.032 inches. The thickness for symbols, route shields, and borders shall be 0.063 inches. All aluminum shall be chemically treated with a chromate acid conversion type coating, or equivalent, to form an oxidation resistant barrier film that is suitable for long term outdoor application. The coating shall prevent the occurrence of oxidation that may cause streaking or discoloration on the sign. The coating shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications, and shall have a minimum thickness of 0.002 inches. All corners and edges of the characters shall be clean and well -defined with no apparent waviness, tears, delamination, deformation, or flaws. Burrs and waste material generated f rom the cutting process shall be removed so characters have a clean, flat, and correct appearance. Design of letters and numbers shall be in accordance with the project plans. Splicing of aluminum panels will be acceptable for diagrammatic arrows or other large symbols and shields exceeding 48 inches in more than one direction. Splices, when required, shall include a continuous 4 to 6-inch wide aluminum back plate that overlaps the joint. The back plate shall ensure no gap at the splice joint when the sym bol is assembled and attached to the sign. Borders on signs with demountable characters shall also be made of aluminum substrate panels, unless otherwise specified. However, in all cases borders on signs with demountable characters shall be made of the same material as the legend.
Sheeting or film applied to demountable characters shall be a continuous monolithic piece, without splice or patch, that covers the entire front face of the character. Splicing of the sheeting for demountable borders or characters which have a dimension larger than 48 inches in more than one direction will be allowed. Only one splice shall be allowed every 4 feet. When a splice is necessary, the adjoining edges shall be placed so there is no visible gap between the two pieces. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 656 The adhesive system for sheeting and opaque films shall form a durable bond which tightly adheres to the aluminum or sign background. After attachment, the sheeting and opaque films shall not discolor, crack, craze, blister, bubble, or delaminate. Sheeting and film adhesives must be warranted by the manufacturer against such defects as specified in Section 1007 of the specifications. Only those sheeting and film products which provide the specified warranty will be acceptable. The color for demountable letters, numbers, symbols, and route shields on green, blue, and brown background signs shall be white, and shall conform to the requirements of Section 1007 of the specifications. Demountable legends on white and yellow background signs shall be black, and shall be opaque and non -reflective. Black characters shall be finished with laminated black opaque acrylic film. When borders are used with demountable characters, white legend and border shall be used on green, blue, or brown sign backgrounds, and black legend and border shall be used on white or yellow sign backgrounds. Sign sheeting conforming to Section 1007 of the specifications shall be used for white borders. Black bor ders shall be laminated black opaque acrylic film. Laminated black opaque acrylic film to be used for characters or borders, as specified above, shall be applied in accordance with the coating manufacturer's recommendations. The contractor shall provide copies of any warranties provided by the manufacturer to the Engineer. On combination signs, such as a green background sign with white characters that also includes a smaller panel with yellow background and black characters, the color scheme used for the characters and border for each portion of the sign shall be as specified above, i.e. white legend and border shall be used on the green background portion of the sign and black legend and border shall be used on the yellow background portion.
Self plugging aluminum, protruding, regular head blind rivets shall be used to secure all demountable characters. The rivets shall conform to the applicable requirements of International Fasteners Institute (IFI) 114 standard for break mandrel blind rivets. All rivets shall be 5/32 inch in diameter with the appropriate grip range. Rivets shall be either IFI 114 Grade 10 or 11 aluminum alloy rivets. The rivets shall have an ultimate shear and tensile strength that has been determined by IFI 135 Specification 2.1 and 2.2. The ultimate shear and tensile strength shall meet or exceed those values specified for a 5/32 inch (0.1562) nominal rivet diameter per IFI 114 Table 6 for Grades 10 or 11. A higher strength and grade aluminum rivet can be used at the option of the sign fabricator. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 657 Rivets securing the characters to the back panel shall be of sufficient length to ensure a secure attachment and conform to the grip length specifications of the rivet manufacturer. The determination of rivet grip length shall include the total thickness of the joint. This thickness shall include the character (sheeting and aluminum sheet), spacer (if applicable) and the sign back panel (sheeting and aluminum extrusion). The hole size used to install the rivets shall conform to the recommendation of the rivet manufacturer and Table 2 of IFI 114. Rivets shall be placed a minimum of four times the diameter of the rivet from the edge of the character being attached, e.g., 5/8 inch clearance for a 5/32 inch diameter rivet. Clearance shall be measured to the outside of the rivet head. Minimum requi rements for attaching demountable characters shall be as follows: Straight numerals and letters such as "1" shall have three rivets, one at the top, middle and bottom. The more complex numerals and letters shall have from four to seven rivets. Letters such as "W" and "M" typically require seven rivets. Letters and numerals such as "P", "H" and "9" typically require six rivets. Letters and numerals such as "G", "S", "2", "3" and "7" typically require five rivets. A rivet shall secure each corner of the letter or numeral. For shields and symbols, rivets shall be spaced evenly around the entire perimeter. Additional rivets shall be added in the middle of the shield or symbol as necessary to eliminate bowing. Rivets for borders shall be spaced evenly around the border. The actual number of rivets used will depend on the thickness, configuration, weight, position (with or without spacers), size of the character being attached, and the recommendations of the rivet manufacturer. The number and location of r ivets shall be sufficient to secure the character to the panel so it shall not miss- align, bend or move when subjected to wind loading. Additionally, the number of rivets used shall ensure that the character does not bow or pull away from the back panel f or the life of the sign. Rivets shall be placed in a defined, evenly spaced pattern which is consistent from character to character. The placement and pattern of rivets shall not interfere with the appearance of the sign from normal drive- by viewing dist ances. The contractor shall supply standard punch details prior to fabrication. The protruding head and shaft of the rivets shall closely match the color of the character on which they are being applied, e.g., black characters shall be applied with black rivets. Aluminum colored rivets are acceptable for mounting white characters. The coating used to color the rivets shall be a factory- applied anodized type finish, or equivalent, that is suitable for long term outdoor application. The coating shall have d urable colorfastness and shall be capable of preventing the occurrence of oxidation that may cause TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 658 streaking or discoloration on the sign. Non- factory painting of the protruding heads of the rivets is not acceptable. 608- 2.09 Screen -Printed, Direct -Applied , and Electronic -Cut Characters: Screen- printed letters, numerals, arrows, symbols, and borders, shall be applied on the retroreflective sheeting background of the sign by direct or reverse screen process. Messages and borders of a color darker than the background shall be applied to the retroreflective sheeting by direct process. Messages and borders of a color lighter than the sign background shall be produced by the reverse screen process. Opaque or transparent colors, inks, and paints used in the screen process shall be of the type and quality recommended by the manufacturer of the retroreflective sheeting. The screening shall be performed in a manner that results in a uniform color and tone, with sharply defined edges of legends and borders and without blemishes on the sign background that will affect intended use. Signs, after screening, shall be air dried or baked in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations to provide a smooth hard finish. Any signs on which blisters appear during the drying process will be rejected. Direct -applied letters, numerals, symbols, borders, and other features of the sign message shall be cut from black opaque or retroreflective sheeting of the color specified and applied to the retrorefl ective sheeting of the sign background in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer of the retroreflective sheeting. Direct -applied legend may be moved vertically 1/2 inch to avoid placing only a small amount of material over the adjacent extruded panel. The bottom of all characters for a line of legend shall line up within 1/8 of an inch. Electronic- cut characters shall be cut from translucent acrylic sheeting using computerized automated cutting processes. 608- 2.10 Digitally -Imaged Characters: Digitally -imaged characters shall consist of characters produced through ultraviolet jet -printing or thermal transfer. Signs with digitally- imaged characters shall be manufactured using matched component ink, transparent electronic- cuttable film, and/or overlay film as supplied by the reflective sheeting manufacturer. For digitally- imaged copy on white sheeting, the coefficient of retroreflection shall be not less than 70 percent of the original values for the corresponding integral color. When characters are spread ove r two adjacent extruded panels, the characters shall align with each other within 1/16 of an inch. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 659 608- 2.11 Graffiti Shield: The graffiti shields shall be made from a single continuous panel made of sheet, coil, or drawn aluminum that conforms to the requirements of ASTM B209 Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum -Alloy Sheet and Plate, Alloy 5052- H32 (bendable to 1t). The aluminum substrate shall be 0.125 and 0.1875 inches thick. Dimensional and flatness tolerances shall conform to the applicabl e standards of The Aluminum Association (TAA). The contractor shall not paint the bolts or the washers unless otherwise specified. Each completed graffiti shield panel shall be shipped with sufficient bolt clamps placed to install the graffiti shield on the extruded sign panels as shown in the plans. 608- 3 Construction Requirements: 608- 3.01 Fabrication: Fabrication of the sign panels shall be in accordance with the details shown on the plans and the requirements of these specifications. If additional details for sign panel fabrication are required, the contractor shall submit shop drawings in accordance with the requirements of Subsection 105.03 of the specifications. Panels shall be cut to size and shape and shall be free of buckles, warps, dents, cockles, burrs, and defects resulting from fabrication. Fabricated signs shall be stored indoors and kept dry during storage. If packaged signs become wet, all packaging material shall be removed immediately and the signs allowed to dry. The signs may be repackaged using new dry materials. If outdoor storage is necessary, all packaging materials shall be removed. Signs shall be stored on edge, above ground, in an area where dirt and water will not contact the sign face. Materials used to support stored signs shall not contact sign faces. During fabrication of the sign panels, the contractor shall ensure the bolt holes on each sign panel are placed so the holes will not coincide with any legend and any bolts, washers, or other hardware used will not cover any portion of the legend. If the bolt holes on a sig n panel do not comply with these requirements, the Engineer may reject the sign panel or accept the sign panel and require the contractor to paint the bolts, washers, and any hardware coinciding with the sign legend to match the color of the legend. The fabrication of graffiti shields shall conform to ADOT Graffiti Shields Standard DrawingS -18. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 660 Graffiti shields shall be powder coated per the American Architectural Manufacturers Association (AAMA) coating specifications to minimize glare, improve visibility and to provide easy maintenance against graffiti vandalism. A flat black coating shall be applied to the graffiti shields. The powder coating pre- treatment shall be accomplished mechanically, chemically, or per the contractor’s discretion via alternative processes. The powder coated products shall be wrapped and packaged by the contractor to protect the finished materials against damages. The fabrication of the individual parts and hardware shall meet industry standards for metal work, welding, and painting, to ensure that the graffiti shields life span exceeds that of the sign it is to protect. 608- 3.02 Installation of Sign Panels: The sign panels shall be installed on overhead sign structures and roadside sign supports in accordance with the details shown on the plans and in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturers of the sign panel components. Minor scratches and abrasions resulting from fabrication, shipping and installation of panels may be patched; however, patching shall be limited to one patch per 50 square feet of sign area with the total patched area being less than 5 percent of the sign area. Panels requiring more patching than the specified limit will be rejected. Patches shall be edge sealed by a method approved by the retroreflective sheeting manufacturer. Sign panels shall be attached to the posts with hex head bolts as shown in the Standard Drawings; slotted head bolts shall not be used. A cadmium -plated or zinc- plated fender washer shall be placed between the bolt head and panel face. For flat sheet panels, bolts shall be fastened with a cadmium -plated or zinc- plated fender washer and two standard nuts. Nylon washers shall not be used. The fender washer shall be placed against the sign post , the first nut shall be tightened against the fender washer, and the second nut shall be tightened against the first nut. Bolts shall be tightened from the back by holding the bolt head stationary on the face of the panel. Twisting of the bolt head on t he panel face will not be allowed. The contractor shall provide a detailed list of all new signs installed on the project . The list shall include the sign identification code, the date each sign was installed (month and year) , the fabricator of the sign, and the materials used to make the sign (manufacturer, type of sheeting, ink and film). Signs shall be listed in numerical order by route, direction, and milepost and, where more than one sign is installed at the same general location, a letter subscript. The list shall be provided in a commonly used electronic spreadsheet format and shall be submitted to the Engineer electronically. In addition to the electronic submission, the Engineer may request up to three hard copies. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 661 Sign panels within the same sign assembly shall be placed at the same orientation along the roadway so that t he entire legend of the signs appear uniform under normal viewing conditions, both day and night. Upon fabrication or installation of each sign, the contractor shall place information on the back of the sign showing the sign identification code, the sign f abricator, the manufacturer of the sheeting used, and the month and year of the installation. The formatting of the required information shall be as shown on the standard drawings. The information shall be positioned to be readily visible from a vantage point outside the flow of traffic and not obstructed by sign posts, extrusions, stringers, or brackets. All letters shall be made of a long life material such as a black opaque acrylic film. Signs not marked as required will not be eligible for payment. Temporary traffic control signs are exempt from the installation information requirement unless noted otherwise on the project plans. 608- 3.03 Installation of Graffiti Shield: The graffiti shield panels shall be installed on overhead extruded signage in accordance with the details shown on the standard drawing, plans and in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturers of the sign panel components. Graffiti shield panels shall be attached to the overhead extruded sign panels with clips as shown in the Standard Drawings. Minor scratches and abrasions resulting from fabrication, shipping, or installation of panels may be patched. Patching shall be limited to one patch per 5 square feet of graffiti shield area. The total patched area shall be less than five percent of the graffiti shield area. Graffiti shield requiring more patching than the specified limit will be rejected. 608- 3.04 Inspection: An inspection of the completely installed sign panels will be made by the Engineer during the daytime and at night for proper appearance, visibility, color, specular gloss, and proper installation. Each sign panel face shall be cleaned thoroughly just prior to the inspection by a method recommended by the manufacturer. The cleaning material shall in no way scratch, deface or have any adverse effect on the sign panel components. All apparent defects disclosed by the inspection shall be corrected by the contractor at no additional cost to the Department. If color variations or blemishes between sign panel increments are visible from a distance of 50 feet either during the day or at night, the panels shall be removed and replaced at no additional cost to the Department. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX 662 Each graffiti shield component shall be cleaned thoroughly just prior to the inspection by a method recommended by the manufacturer. The cleaning material shall in no way scratch or have any adverse effect on the graffiti shield components. Inspection criteria shall include, but not be limited to; conformity to the specification, workmanship, quality, and materials. 608- 3.05 Miscellaneous Work: The work under this section shall also include furnishing all miscellaneous materials, tools, equipment , and labor necessary to relocate exit panels to the right side of the parent sign panel; removing, cutting, and installing side trims and new or salvaged aluminum extrusions on existing sign panels; relocating large guide and exit gore signs; and cutting post tops on existing installations, as required on the plans. 608- 4 Method of Measurement: Sign panels will be measured by the square foot for each type or types of sign panels furnished and installed. Individual sign panels will be measured to the nearest 0.1 square foot. The total area of each type of sign panel will be summed and rounded to the nearest square foot. The area of each sign panel, except for warning, regulatory and marker sign panels, will be measured per plans dimensions. For warning, regulatory and marker sign panels, the area of each sign panel will be determined as follows:
panel wi ll be determined from the dimensions shown on the plans; and
route markers, will be determined by multiplying the maximum height in feet by the maximum width in feet, using the dimensions shown on the plans. Graffiti shield will be measured by the square foot for each graffiti shield furnished and installed. The area will be determined by multiplying the length of the outside perimeter of the graffiti shield to the nearest 0.1 feet multiplied by 2 feet. The total area of each type of graffiti shield will be summed and rounded to the nearest square foot. Miscellaneous Work will be measured on a lump sum basis. TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX