18 DUST PALLIATIVES
18-1.01 General
18-1.01A Summary
A dust palliative must be any of the following:
1.Water
2.Dust suppressant
3.Dust control binder
18-1.01B Definitions
Reserved
18-1.01C Submittals
If a dust suppressant or dust control binder is to be used, submit a dust treatment plan at least 15 days before starting job site activitie s. The dust treatment plan must include:
1.Product name and type
2.Manufacturer's name
3.Polymer emulsion type if a synthetic polymer emulsion is used, including identification of: 3.1. Individual components greater than 5 percent by volume in blends of polymers with different compositions 3.2. Additives greater than 2 percent by volume
4.SDS
5.Proposed methods for applying products
6.Application rate per pass, total application rate, and residual application rate
7.Required weather conditions for ap plication, including ambient and surface temperatures, wind conditions, and allowable period before expected precipitation
8.Drying time or curing time required before traffic is allowed on the treated surface Submit the manufacturer's instructions for the material to be used. Submit a certificate of compliance for the dust suppressant, dust control binders, and fibers. For a dust suppressant, include with the certificate of compliance:
1.Test results verifying compliance with the quali ty characteristic requirements in section 18 -1.01D. The results must be from a test conducted within 12 months before the date of the certificate of compliance.
2.Test results from a test conducted within 12 months before the date of the certificate of co mpliance verifying compliance with the following environmental requirements: 2.1. Maximum constituent concentration levels 2.2. Organic and inorganic requirements for: 2.2.1. VOCs 2.2.2. Semi -VOCs 2.2.3. Synthetic precipitation leaching procedure 2.3. Aquatic toxicity
18-1.01D Quality Assurance
A dust suppressant or dust control binder must comply with US EPA requirements and RWQCB requirements for soil stabilizers. A dust suppressant must be tested by either an ASTM -or AMRL -AASHTO -accredited laborat ory for compliance with the specified quality characteristic requirements. A dust suppressant must be tested by an EPA -accredited laboratory for environmental requirements . Liquid chemical treatments must be tested before dilution. Solid products must be m ixed with water to a 25 percent concentration before testing. The constituent concentration for each dust suppressant must not exceed the maximum levels shown in the following table: SECTION 1 8 DUST PALLIATIVES Maximum Constituent Concentration Levels Constituent Test method Requirement maximum level (ppm) Arsenic 5.0 Barium 100.0 Cadmium 0.2 Chromium EPA Method 200.7 1.0 Copper 1.0 Lead 1.0 Mercury EPA Method 245.1 0.05 Selenium 5.0 Zinc EPA Method 200.7 10.0 Phosphorus EPA Method 365.4 2,500.0 Cyanide EPA Method 335.4 0.2 A dust suppressant must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Organic and Inorganic Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement VOCs EPA Method 8260 Set by the CalEPA Air Resources Board and local air district Semi -VOCs EPA Method 8270 US EPA Target Compound List and Contract -required quantitation limits Synthetic precipitation leaching procedure EPA Method 1312 Set by the RWQCB A dust suppressant must comply with the aquatic toxicity requirements shown in the following table: Aquatic Toxicity Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Aquatic toxicitya (LC50 min, ppm) ASTM E729 or EPA Method 600/4 - 90/027F and EPA Method 600/4 -91/00 2 10 Aquatic toxicitya (rating) ASTM E729 or EPA Method 600/4 - 90/027F and EPA Method 600/4 -91/002 slightly toxic or better Renewal toxicityb (LC50 min, ppm) ASTM E1295 10 Renewal toxicityb (rating) ASTM E1295 slightly toxic or better aUsing Ceriodaphnia dubia (water flea), Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow), and Americamysis bahia (mysid shrimp) . bUsing Ceriodaphnia dubia (water flea) .
18-1.02 Materials
18-1.02A General
A dust suppressant or a control binder must be either (1) miscible in water or (2) a material that is directly applied to the surface without mixing with water.
18-1.02B Dust Suppressants
18-1.02B(1) General
A dust suppressant must be one of the following:
1.Petroleum -based organic product
2.Nonpet roleum -based organic product
3.Hygroscopic product
4.Synthetic polymer emulsion
18-1.02B(2) Petroleum -Based Organic Products
A petroleum -based organic dust suppressant must be an asphalt emulsion, petroleum resin, base oil, mineral oil, or synthetic fl uid. SECTION 1 8 DUST PALLIATIVES An asphalt emulsion must be Grade SS -1h. A petroleum resin must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Petroleum Resin Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Residue (min, %) ASTM D6934 60 pH ASTM D1429 4.0–7.0 sp gr at 16 °C (min) ASTM D1298 1.00 Kinematic visc at 25 °C (min , Saybolt Furol secondsa) ASTM D2170 188 Flash point (min , °C) ASTM D92 205 Particle charge test ASTM D7402 Positive aUse AST M D2161 to convert the mm2/s value to Saybolt Furol seconds . A base or mineral oil must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Base and Mineral Oils Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Base and mineral oil content (min, %) -- 75 sp gr at 16 °C (min) ASTM D1298 0.85–0.90 Brookfield absolute visc at 20 °C (max, cP) ASTM D2196 250 Flash point (min, °C) ASTM D93 150 A synthetic fluid must comply with 40 CFR 35 and the requirements shown in the following table: Synthetic Fluids Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Synthetic fluid content (min, %) -- 75 sp gr at 16 °C (min) ASTM D1298 0.85–0.90 Brookfield absolute visc at 20 °C (max, cP) ASTM D2196 250 Flash point (min, °C) ASTM D93 140
18-1.02B(3) Nonpetroleum -Based Organic Products
A nonpetroleum -based organic dust suppressant must be lignosulfonate, plant oil, or tall oil pitch rosin. A lignosulfonate must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Lignosulfonate Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Lignin sulfonate content ready to use (min, %) ASTM D4900 25 Residue total solids content (min %) ASTM D4903 or D2834 52 Lignin sulfonate content of residue (min, %) -- 50 Reducing sugars content of residue (min, %) ASTM D5896 or D6406 25 pH ASTM D1293 6.0–9.0 sp gr (min) ASTM D1429 1.20 Brookfield absolute visc at 25 °C (max, cP) ASTM D2196 1,000 A plant oil must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Plant Oil Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Residue active solids content (min, %) ASTM D4903 50 sp gr (min) ASTM D1429 0.93 Brookfield absolute visc 25 °C (cP) ASTM D2196 50–200 Flash point (min, °C) ASTM D93 288 SECTION 1 8 DUST PALLIATIVES A tall oil pitch rosin must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Tall Oil Pitch Rosin Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Rosin acid content (min, %) ASTM D1240 10 Residue active solids content (min, %) ASTM D2834 45 pH ASTM D1293 3.0–9.0 sp gr (min) ASTM D1429 1.00 Brookfield absolute visc at 25 °C (cP) ASTM D2196 50–200
18-1.02B(4) Hygroscopic Products
A hygroscopic dust suppressant must be calcium chloride, calcium chloride flake, or magnesium chloride. Calcium chloride must comply with either ASTM D98 or AASHTO M114 and the requirements shown in the following table: Calcium Chloridea Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Calcium chloride content (%) ASTM E449 28–42 Total magnesium chloride (max, %) ASTM E449 6.0 Total alkali chlorides as sodium chloride (max, %) ASTM E449 6.0 Calcium hydroxide content (max, %) ASTM E449 0.2 pH with 5 percent solution ASTM D1293 7.0–9.0 sp gr ASTM D1429 1.28–1.44 Calcium chloride flake must comply with either ASTM D98 or AASHTO M144 and the requirements shown in the following table: Calcium Chloride Flakea Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Calcium chloride content (min, %) ASTM E449 75 Total magnesium as MgCl 2 (max, %) ASTM E449 6.0 Total alkali chlorides as sodium chloride (max, %) ASTM E449 6.0 Calcium hydroxide content (max, %) ASTM E449 0.2 pH with 5 percent solution ASTM D1293 7.0–9.0 Gradation percent passing 3/8-inch sieve No. 4 sieve No. 30 sieve ASTM C136 100 80–100 0–5 Magnesium chloride must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Magnesium Chloride Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Magnesium chloride content (%) ASTM D4691 or ASTM D511a 28–33 Sulfate content as magnesium sulfate (max, %) ASTM D4691a 4.0 Potassium content as potassium chloride (max, %) ASTM E449 0.5 Sodium chloride content (max, %) ASTM E449 1.0 pH with 5 percent solution ASTM D1293 7.0–9.0 sp gr ASTM D1429 1.31 ± 0.02 aYou may use another appropriate atomic absorption spectrophotometry method such as that in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water by APHA -AWWA -WPCF.
18-1.02B(5) Synthetic Polymer Emulsions
A synthetic polymer emulsion must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: SECTION 1 8 DUST PALLIATIVES Synthetic Polymer Emulsion Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Residue active solids content (min, %) ASTM D2834 40 pH ASTM D1429 4.0–9.5 sp gr at 16 °C ASTM D1298 1.00–1.15 Brookfield absolute visc (max, cP) ASTM D2196 1,000 Polymer film tensile strength – dry (psi) ASTM D412 500 Retained coagulum on no. 100 sieve (max, %) ASTM D1417 0.1 Ash content (max, %) ASTM D5040 2
18-1.02C Dust Control Binders
A dust control binder must comply with the specifications for a tackifier in section 21 -2.02E except section
21-2.01 does not apply.
Fibers must comply with section 21 -2.02D except section 21 -2.01 does not apply.
18-1.03 Construction
18-1.03A General
Monitor dust conditions and apply a dust palliative for dust control as described and as ordered. Reapply the dust palliative at any time to control dust. Apply a dust suppressant to:
1.Temporary haul roads
2.Construction staging, material storage, and l ayout areas
3.Compacted soil or AB roads or driveways
4.Paved surfaces Apply a dust control binder to:
1.Rough -graded soils
2.Completed slopes
3.Soil stockpiles unless another practice is already used Do not use a dust suppressant or dust control bi nder within 100 feet of a wetland or body of water.
18-1.03B Equipment
Apply dust suppressants that are miscible in water with either (1) a pressure -type water distributor truck equipped with a spray system or (2) a pressure -type asphalt distributor truck as specified in section 37 - 1.03B. Apply dust suppressant flakes to the surface using a spreader or spinner disk. Apply dust control binders with either (1) a pressure -type water distributor truck equipped with a spray system or (2) hydraulic spray equipme nt as specified for applying hydromulch in section 21 -2.03D.
18-1.03C Mixing and Application Rates
Use the mix proportions and application rate for the corresponding dust suppressant as shown in the following table: SECTION 1 8 DUST PALLIATIVES Dust Suppressant Application Dust suppressant Mix proportions Application rate Asphaltic emulsion, Grade SS -1H 5 parts water to 1 part emulsion 0.20–1.0 gal/sq yd Petroleum resin emulsion 5 parts water to 1 part emulsion 0.20–1.0 gal/sq yd Base and mineral oil Apply undiluted 0.30–0.35 gal/sq yd Lignosulfonate 1 part water to 1 part concentrate 1.0 gal/sq yd Plant oil Apply undiluted 0.25–0.50 gal/sq yd Tall oil pitch rosin 5 parts water to 1 part emulsion for clayey soil and 10 parts water to 1 part emulsion for sandy soil 0.30–1.0 gal/sq yd Calcium chloride solution (hygroscopic) Apply undiluted 0.20–0.35 gal/sq yd Calcium chloride flakes (hygroscopic) -- 1.0–1.5 lb/sq yd Magnesium chloride (hygroscopic) Apply undiluted 0.30–0.50 gal/sq yd Synthetic polymer emulsion 9 parts water to 1 part concentrate 0.50 gal/sq yd Apply hygroscopic dust suppressants under the manufacturer's instructions. Apply calcium chloride flakes to a moist surface. Allow surfaces treated with a dust suppressant to cure before opening them to traffic. Adequate cure occurs when moisture is evaporated, sheen is gone, and tracking is nonextant. Use the mix proportions and application rate for the corresponding dust control binder as shown in the following table: Dust Control Binder Applic ation Dust control binder Mix proportions Application rate Guar 11 to 15 lb per 1,000 gal of water 44–59 lb/acre Psyllium Enough water to allow for uniform slurry flow 80–200 lb/acre Starch Manufacturer's recommended mix proportions with water 150 lb/acre Liquid acrylic copolymers and polymersa 10 parts water to 1 part polymer 1,175 gal/acre Liquid methacrylate and acrylate polymers Manufacturer's recommended mix proportions with water 20 gal/acre Copolymers of sodium acrylates and acrylamides Manufacturer's recommended mix proportions with water 3–10 lb/acre Polyacrylamide and copolymer of acrylamide 10 lb per 1,000 gal of water 5 lb/acre Hydro -colloid polymers Manufacturer's recommended mix proportions with water 54–64 lb/acre aMix and handle the polymeric compound in a manner that will not cause foaming. You may add an antifoaming agent. Do not allow stormwater runoff from polyacrylamide treated soils unless water passes through:
1.Sediment basin if the total drainage area is greater than or equal to 5 acres.
2.Sediment trap or a series of check dams if the total drainage area is less than 5 acres. Maximize the number of check dams used and space them evenly in the drainage channel such that sediment settlement is maximized. You may add fibers to dust control binders at a rate of 2,000 lb/acre. SECTION 1 8 DUST PALLIATIVES You may reapply dust palliatives at a reduced application rate if authorized.
18-1.04 Payment
Not Used
Source: California Standard Specifications, 2024 Edition. Pages 281–288 of 1,372.