70 MISCELLANEOUS DRAINAGE FACILITIES
70-1 General
70-1.01 General
Section 70 -1 includes general specifications for (1) installing miscellaneous drainage facilities for water drainage and transm ission and (2) constructing casings for bridges. Miscellaneous drainage facilities include pipe components made of pipe or other materials. Pipe risers include pipe riser connections and bar reinforcement steel ris er safety cage. Miscellaneous drainage facilities do not include steel covers, frames and grates, frames and covers, manhole frames and grates, manhole frames and covers, or other miscellaneous metal parts. Iron and steel items used for miscellaneous drain age facilities must comply with section 75. For a miscellaneous drainage component with alternative in the bid item description, choose from the types of the component shown. Do not mix different types of the same component in the same location.
70-1.02 Materials
Steps and ladders must be (1) steel if they are installed in steel or concrete drainage facilities or (2) aluminum if they are installed in aluminum drainage facilities. Hardware installed in aluminum drainage facilities must be aluminum. Epoxy -resin adhesive for bonding a pipe slip joint to a cross drain must comply with the materials specifications for applying epoxy -resin adhesive to concrete. Boards for redwood covers must be no. 1 heart structural grade, S4S redwood. Minor concrete drainage ap purtenances including concrete foundations, bases, and basin floors must comply with section 51 -7.
70-1.03 Construction
Excavation and backfill for miscellaneous drainage facilities must comply with section 19. Attach steps and ladders to miscellaneous drainage facilities where described. If new drain inlets or manholes are placed in paved or surfaced areas, do not construct the drain to final grade until the paving or surfacing adjacent to the drain is completed. Install drainage pipe stub s, pipe riser connections and bar reinforcement steel riser safety cages.
70-1.04 Payment
The Department does not pay for pipe or casing in excess of the length shown. The payment quantity for any type of pipe is the length measured along the centerline o f the pipe to the nearest 0.1 foot of pipe.
70-2 Corrugated Metal Pipe Drainage Facilities
70-2.01 General
Section 70 -2 includes specifications for fabricating and installing drainage facilities with corrugated metal pipe. Corrugated metal pipe and coatings must comply with section 66.
70-2.02 Materials
Not Used
70-2.03 Construction
Not Used SECTION 70 MISCELLANEOUS DRAINAGE FACILITIES
70-2.04 Payment
Not Used
70-3 Welded Steel Pipe Drainage Facilities
70-3.01 General
70-3.01A Summary
Section 70 -3 included specifications for fabricating and installing drainage facilities with welded steel pipe. Drainage facilities constructed with welded steel pipe include:
1.Energy dissipators
2.Inlets
3.Risers
4.Reducers
5.Manholes
70-3.01B Definitions
Reserved
70-3.01C Submittals
Submit color options for the finish paint. The Engineer selects the color of the finish paint.
70-3.01D Quality Assurance
70-3.01D(1) General
Reserved
70-3.01D(2) Quality Control
Test the pipe under the operating head for 2 hours with no leaks. Correct any leaks or defects and retest if necessary.
70-3.02 Materials
70-3.02A General
Welded steel pipe must comply with one of the following specifications:
1.AWWA C200
2.ASTM A53/A53M, Grade B
3.API Specification 5L, Grade B or Grade X42
70-3.02B Coatings
70-3.02B(1) General
If a coating is described, coat all portions of the welded steel pipe drainage facility. Repair of internal and external wall coatings must comply with the following:
1.Breaks or scuffs in the epoxy coating that are less than 36 square inches must be repaired by the application of epoxy material similar to and compatible with the durability, adhesion and appearance of the original epoxy coating under section 4.4.4.1.2 of AWWA C 213.
2.Repair coating must be a minimum thickness of 0.010 inch, 10 mils, after drying .
3.Department rejects a pipe section if individual breaks exceed 36 square inches or if the total area of breaks exceeds 0.5 percent of the total surface area of the p ipe section .
70-3.02B(2) Coal Tar Coating
A coal tar coating for welded steel pipe must be applied before shipping as follows:
1.Interior and exterior surfaces must be cleaned, primed, and coated with coal tar enamel.
2.Exterior surface must be wrapped with a bonded felt wrapper under AWWA C203 and section A1.2 of the appendix. SECTION 70 MISCELLANEOUS DRAINAGE FACILITIES
70-3.02B(3) Factory -Applied Fusion -Bonded Epoxy Coating
Factory -applied fusion -bonded epoxy coating must be applied to the interior and exterior surfaces of welded steel pipe under AWWA C213. If a fusion -bonded epoxy coating will be exposed to above -grade sunlight, the exterior coated wall surfaces must be primed and painted. The primer and paint must comply with the type, standard, and coating thickness as shown in the f ollowing table: Coatings Type Standard Coating thicknessa (mil) Primer Zinc rich AASHTO M 300 2.5–3.5 Finish paint Exterior grade latex satin or flat Complying with State VOC requirements and as recommended by the manufacturer of inorganic zinc-rich primer 2.0–3.0 aDry film thickness .
70-3.02B(4) Asphalt Coating
Reserved
70-3.03 Construction
70-3.03A General
After the pipe has been fabricated and welded into lengths, it must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt, oil, grease, loose scale and other foreign material. Perform field welding under AWWA C206. Install welded steel pipe such that it is not electrically connected to or in direct physical contact with other metal pipe. If welded steel pipe is mechanically connected to public utility lines or other metal pipe, provide electrically insulated connections. Place the connections within 5 feet of the pipe's ingress or egress to any building or structure. Electrically insulated connections are not required for connections to nonmetallic pip e. If backfill material contains rock or highly expansive clay soils, install a sand shield under AWWA C203 section A1.3 of the appendix. Before backfilling at the welded joints, pressure test the pipe.
70-3.03B Coatings
Repair damage to coatings under se ction 66 -1.02C.
70-3.04 Payment
Not Used
70-4 Precast Concrete Pipe Drainage Facilities
70-4.01 General
Section 70 -4 includes specifications for fabricating and installing drainage facilities with precast concrete pipes.
70-4.02 Materials
PC concrete pipe for drainage facilities must comply with AASHTO M 199M/M 199. Concrete must comply with section 90 -1 except for the aggrega te gradation requirements. Reinforcement must comply with section 52.
70-4.03 Construction
Construct mortar joints under section 65. You may form inlets in place as an alternative to using PC concrete pipe and cutting the side openings. SECTION 70 MISCELLANEOUS DRAINAGE FACILITIES
70-4.04 Payment
Not Used
70-5 Drainage Appurtenances
70-5.01 General
70-5.01A General
Section 70 -5.01 includes general specifications for fabricating and installing appurtenances to drainage facilities. Drainage appurtenances include:
1.Miscellaneous metal appurtenances
2.Drainage inlet markers
3.Drainage gates Miscellaneous metal appurtenances are not included in the payment for miscellaneous drainage facilities.
70-5.01B Materials
Not Used
70-5.01C Construction
Construct concrete appurtenances under section 51.
70-5.01D Payment
Not Used
70-5.02 Flared End Sections
70-5.02A General
70-5.02A(1) Summary
Section 70 -5.02 in cludes specifications for fabricating and installing flared end sections. .
70-5.02A(2) Definitions
Reserved
70-5.02A(3) Submittal s
Reserved
70-5.02A(4) Quality Assurance
The Department accepts a PC concrete flared end section based on section 5.1.2 of AASHTO M 170.
70-5.02B Materials
70-5.02B(1) General
Minor fabrication variations in flared end sections may be authorized.
70-5.02B(2) Concrete Flared End Sections
PC flared end sections must comply with the specifications for Class III reinforced concrete pipe in AASHTO M 170 and the following requirements:
1.Cement and aggregate must comply with section 90 -1 except for the aggregate gradation requirements .
2.Area of steel reinforcement per linear foot of a flared end section must be at least equal to the minimum steel requirements for circular reinforcement in a circular pipe with the same diameter as the internal diameter of the circular portion of the flared end section . Reinforcement must comply with section 52. Cutoff walls for PC concrete flared end sections must be minor concrete except the concrete must contain at least 470 pounds of cementitious material per cubic y ard. SECTION 70 MISCELLANEOUS DRAINAGE FACILITIES
70-5.02B(3) Metal Flared End Sections
Metal flared end sections must be prefabricated steel or aluminum sections. Prefabricated steel flared end sections must comply with AASHTO M 36 and AASHTO M 218. Prefabricated aluminum flared end sections must c omply with AASHTO M 196 and AASHTO M 197. Metal flared end sections may be used as an alternative to PC concrete flared end sections or plastic flared end sections. Metal flared end sections used on concrete pipe 36 inches in diameter or smaller must have toe plates. Mortar used to connect metal flared end sections to PC concrete pipe must comply with section 51 -1. Welded wire fabric must be commercial quality.
70-5.02B(4) Plastic Flared End Sections
Plastic flared end sections must comply with ASTM D3350.
70-5.02B(5) Alternative Flared End Sections
An alternative flared end section must be the same material type as the drainage facility that it is attached. Comply with the material specifications in section 61 -3.
70-5.02C Construction
Construct cutoff wa lls under section 51.
70-5.02D Payment
Not Used 70.5.03 DRAINAGE GATES
70-5.03A General
70-5.03B Materials
70-5.03B(1) General
Reserved
70-5.03B(2) Automatic Drainage Gates
70-5.03B(2)(a) General
An automatic drainage gate must:
1.Provide free outflow
2.Prevent backflow
3.Be attached to the pipe or anchored to a concrete wall The gate must be assembled in the shop and its cast iron parts must be shop coated with commerci al quality asphaltic paint.
70-5.03B(2)(b) Automatic Drainage Gates for Low Head Pressure
Reserved
70-5.03B(2)(c) Automatic Drainage Gates for High Head Pressure
Reserved
70-5.03B(3) Slide Headgates
Reserved
70-5.03C Construction
Not Used SECTION 70 MISCELLANEOUS DRAINAGE FACILITIES
70-5.03D Pay ment
Not Used
70-5.04 Inlet Depressions
70-5.04A General
Section 70 -5.04 includes specifications for installing inlet depressions for drainage.
70-5.04B Materials
70-5.04B(1) General
Reserved
70-5.04B(2) Hot Mix Asphalt Inlet Depressions
HMA drainage inlet depressions must comply with section 39. In shoulder areas of roadways, use the HMA type that is specified for roadw ay construction. In locations outside the shoulder areas, use the HMA type that is specified for miscellaneous areas.
70-5.04B(3) Concrete Inlet Depressions
Concrete drainage inlet depressions must comply with specifications for minor concrete except the concrete must contain at least 470 pounds of cementitious material per cubic yard.
70-5.04C Construction
If necessary to match the grade of the surrounding material, place and finish HMA by hand. Whenever concrete pavement is placed near an inlet depressi on, place the pavement before constructing the inlet depression. Whenever concrete inlet depressions are constructed in shoulder areas, place the concrete on the prepared base material compacted to at least 95 percent relative compaction. After the placeme nt to the lines and grades shown, smooth the surface with a float and trowel. If concrete is adjacent to isolation joints, smooth the surface with an edger. Broom finish the smoothed concrete surface. Create a surface with a coefficient of friction of at l east 0.30 when tested under California Test 342. Apply any necessary water immediately before brooming the surface. Cure the concrete under section 40 -1.03I.
70-5.04D Payment
Not Used
70-5.05 Drainage Inlet Markers
70-5.05A General
Section 70 -5.05 inclu des specifications for installing drainage inlet markers.
70-5.05B Materials
If a specific type of drainage marker is not shown, choose one of the following:
1.Thermoplastic
2.Metal medallion
3.Plastic medallion
4.Stamped concrete The thermoplastic drainage inlet marker must be free of lead and chromium and must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: SECTION 70 MISCELLANEOUS DRAINAGE FACILITIES Thermoplastic Inlet Marker Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Thickness (in) -- 0.080 –0.160 Legend color, nonreflective -- Blue or green Background color, nonreflective AASHTO M 249 White Skid resistance (min, BPNa) ASTM E303 60 aBPN means British Pendulum Number . The metal medallion drainage inlet marker must be fabricated from commercial -grade stainless steel, aluminum, brass, or bronze sheet metal or cast and must comply with the requirements shown in the following t able: Metal Medallion Inlet Marker Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Thickness of metal (in) -- 0.055 –0.138 Height of marker (in) -- 0.055 –0.138 Legend color, nonreflectiveb -- White or bare metal Background color, nonreflectiveb -- Blue or green Skid resistance (min, BPNa) ASTM E303 60 aBPN means British Pendulum Number . bRequirement if metal marker is colored . The plastic medallion drainage inlet marker must be fabricated from plastic that contains UV inhibitors and must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Plastic Medallion Inlet Marker Requirements Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Thickness (in) -- 0.025 –0.060 Thickness with dome (in) -- 0.055 –0.120 Legend color, nonreflective -- White Background color, nonreflective -- Blue or green Weathering resistance ASTM D1435 1 year without yellowing, fogging, or pitting
70-5.05C Construction
Install prefabricated drainage inlet markers by:
1.Mechanically cleaning and preparing the surface
2.Attaching the prefabricated drainage inlet markers to the surface with adhesives, fasteners, or heat as recommended by the manufacturer Install stamped concrete drainage inlet markers by:
1.Imprinting un cured concrete with an authorized concrete stamp for drainage inlet markers
2.Producing stamped concrete surfaces that are free from blemishes
70-5.05D Payment
Not Used
70-5.06 70-5.15 Reserved
70-6 Grated Line Drains
70-6.01 General
70-6.01A Summar y
Section 70 -6 includes specifications for installing grated line drains . Use only 1 type of grated line drain. SECTION 70 MISCELLANEOUS DRAINAGE FACILITIES
70-6.01B Definitions
Reserved
70-6.01C Submittals
Submit the following:
1.Certificate of compliance for the grate d line drains from the manufacturer
2.Documentation of the channel discharge capacity
3.Inspection report of the completed grated line drain
70-6.01D Quality Assurance
Reserved
70-6.02 Materials
70-6.02A General
Grated line drain must be on the Authorized Material List for grated line drains and must have (1) a channel discharge capacity equal to or greater than the capacity shown and (2) the minimum slope shown. Line drain sections must be either non -sloped unifo rm depth sections from 4-7/16 to 12 inches or pre - sloped sections with a minimum continuous 0.6 percent slope with graduated depths from 4 -7/16 to 12 inches. Concrete backfill must comply with the specifications for minor concrete. In freeze -thaw areas, ad d an air entraining admixture at a rate to achieve an air content of 4 ± 1.5 percent in the freshly mixed concrete. Reinforcing bars must be Grade 60 and comply with section 52. Mechanical splice couplers must be commercial -quality double -sleeve type with friction locking screws for use with Grade 60 steel.
70-6.02B Line Drain Channel
Line drain channel may be monolithic polymer concrete, fiberglass, high density polyethylene, or cast -in- place using expanded polystyrene form. End caps must be provided by t he line drain manufacturer. Drain channel sections must not have side extensions. The interior surface of the line drain channel must be smooth below the level of the frame, grate, and associated connections.
70-6.02C Line Drain Frames and Grates
Grated l ine drain frames and grates must comply with section 75 -2 except grates must be ductile iron . Frames and grates include bolts, nuts, frame anchors, connector cover and other connecting hardware. Steel frame must be galvanized under section 75 -1. Frames and grates must comply with AASHTO M306 and be classified heavy duty traffic rated with a transverse proof -load strength of 25,000 pounds . Frames and g rates must be anchored into the body of the line drain or concrete backfill. Grates must be non-removable. Steel anchoring rods and shear studs, if used, must comply with ASTM A1044. Steel cover plate must comply with ASTM A36 and be galvanized under section 75 -1.02B. Except for grates installed within designated pedestrian paths of travel, grate design must accept inflow of runoff through openings consisting of a minimum of 60 percent of the total top surface area of the grate. Individual openings or slots must have a dimension not greater than 2 inches measured in the direction o f the grated line drain flow line. Grates installed within designated pedestrian paths of travel must be certified as conforming to the provisions of the ADA.
70-6.03 Construction
Excavation and backfill must comply with section 19 -3. SECTION 70 MISCELLANEOUS DRAINAGE FACILITIES Grated line drains m ust be installed in trenches excavated to the lines and grades established by the Engineer. Grade and prepare the bottom of the trench to provide a firm and uniform bearing throughout the entire length of the grated line drain. Installation of grated line drains and joints must comply with the manufacturer's instructions. Install grated line drains with sections closely jointed and secured such that no separation of the line drains occur during backfilling. The frame or grate must not extend above the level of the surrounding concrete backfill. Connect grated line drains to new or existing drainage facilities as shown. Drill and bond dowels must comply with section 51 -1.03E(5). Place concrete backfill in the trench as shown. Place against undisturbed materia l at the sides and bottom of the trench in a manner that prevents (1) floating or shifting of the grated line drain and (2) voids or segregation in the concrete. Immediately remove foreign material that falls into the trench before or during concrete place ment. Prevent material from entering the grated line drain during construction. Where necessary, construct and compact earth plugs at the ends of the concrete backfill to contain the concrete within the trench. Place a 1/2 -inch isolation joint where grated line drain is placed in PCC pavement. Isolation joint must comply with section 40 -1. Contraction and expansion joints must comply with section 73 -2. Secure frame and grate or line drain wall to the surrounding concrete backfill with steel anchoring rods as shown. Alternative securing methods must provide a minimum pullout resistance of 685 lb/ft of length of grated line drain frame. Concrete backfill must be finished flush with the adjacent surfacing. The surface of the concrete must be textured with a broom or burlap drag to produce a durable skid - resistant surface. Remove all forming material from the cast -in-place drain channel without gouging or marring the surface. Patch spalls, holes or rock pockets with mortar with a cement to sand ratio of 1 to 3 by volume. Do not allow traffic or equipment on the concrete backfill until 7 days after placement or before the concrete has attained a strength of 2,000 psi, whichever is s ooner.
70-6.04 Payment
Not Used
70-7 Casings for Bridges
70-7.01 General
70-7.01A Summary
Section 70 -7 includes specifications for fabricating and installing welded steel pipe casings through bridges and under approach slabs.
70-7.01B Definitions
Reserved
70-7.01C Submittals
Submit shop drawings for the temporary support of casings at the abutments.
70-7.01D Quality Assurance
Reserved SECTION 70 MISCELLANEOUS DRAINAGE FACILITIES
70-7.02 Materials
70-7.02A General
Reserved
70-7.02B Casing
Casings for bridges must be welded steel pipe complying with section 70 -3.02. Before shipping, the exterior surfaces of the casing must be cleaned, primed, and coated to comply with ANSI/AWWA C213 or ANSI/AWWA C214. Wrapping tape for repairing damaged coating and wrapping field joints and fittings must be a pressure - sensitive PVC or polyethylene tape with a minimum thickness of 50 mils, 2 inches wide.
70-7.02C Casing Hanger Assemblies
Casing hanger assemblies include a concrete clevis plate, adjustable steel yoke, cast iron pipe roller, steel roller rod, and hex nuts. Steel components must be galvanized. You may use embedded steel welded linked eye rods instead of a clevis plate. The casing hanger assembly must be rated for the water supply line and casing. Clevis plate, yoke, roller, rod, expansion anchors, pipe clamps, nuts and bolts, and other fittings must be adequate for the type and size of the water supply line and casing being supported. Clevis plate, expansion anchors, yoke, rod, pipe clamps, nuts and bolts, and other fittings must be steel and comply with section 75 -1.
70-7.02D Concrete Casing Supports
Concrete casing supports must consist of either a PC or CIP minor concrete pipe cradle, galvanized steel pipe clamp, and 2 anchor bolts. Wire mesh and reinforcement must be commercial quality. Moist cure the PC concrete casing support for at least 3 days. Epoxy for anchoring the concrete casing supports must be one of the follow ing types:
1.Epoxy binder
2.Epoxy adhesive for pavement markers
70-7.03 Construction
Install casings at each abutment and extend the casing to the greater of:
1.5 feet beyond the approach slab
2.5 feet beyond the end of the adjacent wingwall
3.20 fe et beyond the abutment Where the casing passes through an abutment wall, the casing must be additiona lly wrapped with 2 layers of 15 -lb asphalt -felt building paper, securely taped or wired in place. Anchor PC concrete casing supports with epoxy. If a bloc kout is shown in the bridge abutment wall for the casing, the space between the casing and bridge abutment wall must be filled with mortar complying with section 51 -1. Openings for casings through the bridge superstructure concrete must either be formed or consist of pipe sleeves that are two pipe sizes larger than the casing. Repair damaged coating on the casing and wrap field joints and fittings with wrapping tape as follows:
1.Before wrapping, thoroughly clean and prime the pipe casing, joints, and fitt ings under the tape manufacturer's instructions. SECTION 70 MISCELLANEOUS DRAINAGE FACILITIES
2.Wrap the tape tightly with 1/2 uniform lap, free from wrinkles and voids to provide not less than a 100 - mil thickness.
3.Wrapping at joints must extend at least 6 inches over adjacent pipe casing coverin gs. Apply tension such that the tape will conform closely to contours of the joint.
70-7.04 Payment
The payment quantity for welded steel pipe casing is the length measured along the centerline of the casing.
70-8 70-15 Reserved
Source: California Standard Specifications, 2024 Edition. Pages 1011–1022 of 1,372.