84 MARKINGS
84-1 General
84-1.01 General
Section 84 -1 includes general specifications for applying and constructing markings . Markings must comply with the CA MUTCD.
84-1.02 Materials
Not Used
84-1.03 Construction
Not Used
84-1.04 Payment
Not Used
84-2 Traffic Stripes and Pavement Markings
84-2.01 General
84-2.01A Summary
Section 84 -2 includes specifications for applying traffic stripes and pavement markings. A thermoplastic traffic stripe or pavement marking with enhanced wet night visibility consists of a single uniform layer of thermoplastic and 2 layers of glass beads. Contrast striping consists of black stripe placed on one or both s ide of a white or yellow stripe , adjacent to white or yellow stripe and in between double stripes. Contrast stripe can be warranty tape, paint, or thermoplastic.
84-2.01B Definitions
pavement marking : Transverse marking which includes shoulder or gore mar king, traffic island marking, word or numeral or symbol marking, arrow, limit line, stop line, yield line, crosswalk marking, speed measurement marking, speed reduction marking, speed hump marking, parking space marking, route shield marking, toll or HOV lane marking, transit lane marking, and bike lane marking. traffic stripe : Longitudinal centerline or lane line used for separating traffic lanes in the same direction of travel or in the opposing direction of travel or a longitudinal edge line marking the edge of the traveled way or the edge of a lane at a gore area separating traffic at an exit or entrance ramp. A traffic stripe is shown as a traffic line.
84-2.01C Submittals
For each lot or batch of traffic stripe material, primer, and glass beads, submit:
1.Certificate of compliance, including the material name, lot or batch number, and manufacture date
2.METS notification letter stating that the material is authorized for use, except for thermoplastic and primer
3.SDS
4.Manufacturer 's Instructions For each lot or batch of thermoplastic, submit a manufacturer's certi ficate of compliance and the following test results from the California Test 423:
1.Brookfield Thermosel viscosity
2.Hardness
3.Yellowness index, white only
4.Daytime luminance factor
5.Yellow color, yellow only
6.Glass bead content
7.Binder content The date of the test must be within 1 year of use. SECTION 84 MARKINGS Submit test results for each lot of beads specifying the EPA test methods used and tracing the lot to the specific test sample. The testing for lead and arsenic content must be performed by an independen t testing laboratory. Submit the thermoplastic test stripe to the Engineer. Submit the retroreflectivity test result within 5 days of testing the traffic stripes and pavement markings. The data must include the retroreflectivity, time, date, and GPS coordi nates for each measurement.
84-2.01D Quality Assurance
84-2.01D(1) General
Reserved
84-2.01D(2) Quality Control
Before starting permanent application of methyl methacrylate and two component paint traffic stripes and pavement markings, apply a test stri pe on roofing felt or other suitable material in the presence of the Engineer. The test stripe section must be at least 50 feet in length. The applied methyl methacrylate pavement markings must have a British Pendulum Number skid resistance value of 60. Traffic stripes and pavement markings must comply with ASTM D6628 for daytime and nighttime color and the following:
1.The daytime luminance factor (Y), for green bike lane pavement markings , must be at least 7, but no more than 35. Color chromaticity limit s for green bike lane pavement markings at daytime must plot within the boundaries shown in the following table: Daytime Chromaticity Coordinates for Green Bike Lane Pavement Marking (Corner Points) 1 2 3 4 X Y X Y X Y X Y 0.230 0.754 0.266 0.500 0.367 0.500 0.444 0.555
2.Color chromaticity limits for green bike lane pavement markings at nighttime must plot within the boundaries shown in the following table: Nighttime Chromaticity Coordinates for Green Bike Lane Pavement Marking (Corner Points) 1 2 3 4 X Y X Y X Y X Y 0.230 0.754 0.336 0.540 0.450 0.500 0.479 0.520
3.The daytime luminance factor (Y), for green route shield pavement markings , must be at least 6, but no more than 15. Color chromaticity limits for green route shield pavement markings at daytime must plot within the boundaries shown in the following table: Daytime Chromaticity Coordinates for Green Route Shield Pavement Marking (Corner Points) 1 2 3 4 X Y X Y X Y X Y 0.230 0.399 0.166 0.364 0.286 0.446 0.207 0.771
4.Color chromaticity limits for green route shield markings at nighttime must plot within the boundaries shown in the following table: SECTION 84 MARKINGS Nighttime Chromaticity Coordinates for Green Route Shield Pavement Marking (Corner Points) 1 2 3 4 X Y X Y X Y X Y 0.007 0.570 0.200 0.500 0.322 0.590 0.193 0.782
5.The daytime luminance factor (Y), for red route shield pavement markings , must be at least 6, but no more than 15. Color chromaticity limits for red route shield pavement markings at daytime must plot within the boundaries shown in the following table: Daytime Chromaticity Coordinates for Red Route Shield Pavement Marking (Corner Points) 1 2 3 4 X Y X Y X Y X Y 0.648 0.351 0.735 0.265 0.629 0.281 0.565 0.346
6.Color chromaticity limits for red route shield pavement markings at nighttime must plot within the boundaries shown in the following table: Nighttime Chromaticity Coordinates for Red Route Shield Pavement Marking (Corner Points) 1 2 3 4 X Y X Y X Y X Y 0.650 0.348 0.620 0.348 0.712 0.255 0.735 0.265
7.The daytime luminance factor (Y), for blue route shield pavement markings , must be at least 5, but no more than 14. Color chromaticity limits for blue route shield pavement markings at daytime must plot within the boundaries shown in the following table: Daytime Chromaticity Coordinates for Blue Route Shield Pavement Marking (Corner Points) 1 2 3 4 X Y X Y X Y X Y 0.078 0.171 0.150 0.220 0.210 0.160 0.137 0.038
8.Color chromaticity limits for blue route shield pavement markings at nighttime must plot within the boundaries shown in the following table: Nighttime Chromaticity Coordinates for Blue Route Shield Pavement Marking (Corner Points) 1 2 3 4 X Y X Y X Y X Y 0.033 0.370 0.180 0.370 0.230 0.240 0.091 0.133 Retroreflectivity must be measured under ASTM E1710 or ASTM E3320 and the sampling protocol specified in ASTM D7585. Upon request, apply a thermoplastic test stripe on suitable material in the presence of the Engineer during the application of thermoplastic traffic stripes or markings. The test stripe must be at least 1 foot in length. One layer of glass beads must be on the Authorized Material List for high -performance glass beads. When using high -performance glass beads that are white and yellow, the color of the glass beads must match the color of the stripe or marking to which they are being a pplied. One layer of glass beads must comply with AASHTO M247, Type 2. Obtain authorization to proceed with the application of traffic stripes and pavement markings. Remove loose glass beads before measuring the retroreflectivity . SECTION 84 MARKINGS Within 30 days of application, test the traffic stripes and pavement markings under the test methods and frequencies shown in the following table: Traffic Stripe Testing Frequency Quality characteristic Test method Minimum sampling and testing frequency Initial retroreflectivity (min, mcd m-2·lx-1) White Yellow ASTM E1710 or ATSM E3320 ASTM D7585a aUse the referee evaluation protocol for project length less than 10 miles. For project lengths greater than or equal to 10 miles, add one evaluation for every additional mile. Verify the glass bead application rate by stabbing the glass bead tank with a calibrated rod. Within 14 days of applying a thermoplastic traffic stripe or pavement marking with enhanced wet -night visibility, the retroreflectivity must be a minimum of 700 mcd·m-2·lx-1 for white stripes and markings and 500 mcd·m-2·lx-1 for yellow stripes and markings when measured under ASTM E1710 or ASTM E3320.
84-2.01D(3) Department Acceptance
The Engineer will perform a nighttime, drive -through, visual inspection of the retroreflectivity of the traffic stripes and pavement markings and notify you of any locations with deficient retroreflectivity. Test the retroreflectivity of the deficient areas to confirm striping and pavement markings meets the requirements. The thermoplastic test stripe will be tested for yellow color, daytime luminance factor, and yellowness index requirements by METS.
84-2.02 Materials
84-2.02A General
Reserved
84-2.02B Glass Beads
Each lot of glass beads must comply with EPA Test Method 3052 and 6010B or 6010C. Glass beads must contain less than 200 ppm each of arsenic and lead. Type 1 glass beads must comply with AASHTO M 247. Type 2 glass beads must comply with AASHTO M 247. At least 75 percent of the beads by count must be true spheres that are colorless and do not exhibit dark spots, air inclusions, or surface scratches when viewed under 20X magnification. High-performance glass beads must be on the Authorized Material List for high -performance glass beads. Large -gradation glass beads must be on the Authorized Material List for two compone nt traffic paint. Glass beads for methyl methacrylate must be on the Authorized Material List for methyl methacrylate traffic striping and pavement marking. Glass beads for paint must comply with State Specification 8010 -004. Glass beads must be surface tr eated, according to the bead and the material manufacturer 's instructions, to promote adhesion with the specified material.
84-2.02C Thermoplastic
Thermoplastic must comply with State Specification PTH -02HYDRO, or PTH -02ALKYD. Sprayable thermoplastic must comply with State Specification PTH -02SPRAY. Each lot or batch of thermoplastic must be tested under California Test 423.
84-2.02D Methyl Methacrylate
Methyl methacrylate traffic paint must:
1.Be on the Authorized Material List for methyl methacrylate t raffic striping and pavement marking SECTION 84 MARKINGS
2.Be Category 2
84-2.02E Warranty Tape
Warranty tape must be on the Authorized Material List for signing and delineation materials. White warranty tape traffic stripe must have an initial retroreflectivity of a minim um 700 mcd/m2. Yellow warranty tape traffic stripe must have an initial retroreflectivity of a minimum 500 mcd/m2. When contrast is required for warranty tape, the tape must be pre -formed and retroreflective, consisting of a white or yellow film with retroreflective beads and a contrasting black film border . The contrasting black film border must be a nonreflective fil m bonded on one or both sides of the white or yellow film to form a continuous roll. Each black border must be a minimum of 2 inches wide.
84-2.02F Two -Component Paint
Two-component traffic paint must be on the Authorized Material List for two component t raffic paint.
84-2.02G Paint
Paint must comply with the requirements shown in following table: Paint Specifications Paint type Color Specification Waterborne traffic line White, yellow, and black State Specification PTWB -01R2 Waterborne traffic line for the international symbol of accessibility and other curb markings Blue, red, and green Federal Specification TT -P-1952 F
84-2.02H 84-2.02L Reserved
84-2.03 Construction
84-2.03A General
Establish the alignment for traffic stripes and the layouts for pavement markings with a device or method that will not conflict with other traffic control devices. Protect existing retroreflective pavement markers during work activities. Remove existing pavement markers that are coated or damaged by work a ctivities and replace with an equivalent marker on the Authorized Material List for signing and delineation materials. A completed traffic stripe or pavement marking must:
1.Have well defined edges
2.Be uniform
3.Be free from runs, bubbles, craters, dra g marks, stretch marks, and debris A completed traffic stripe must:
1.Be straight on a tangent alignment
2.Be a true arc on a curved alignment
3.Not deviate from the width shown by more than: 3.1. 1/4 inch on a tangent alignment 3.2. 1/2 inch on a curved alignment The length of the gaps and individual stripes that form a broken traffic stripe must not deviate by more than 2 inches from the lengths shown. The gaps and stripes must b e uniform throughout the entire length of the traffic stripe. Protec t newly placed traffic stripes and pavement markings from traffic and work activities until the traffic stripes and pavement markings are dry or hard enough to bear traffic. SECTION 84 MARKINGS Use mechanical methods to remove dirt, contaminants, and loose material from the p avement surface before applying the traffic stripe or pavement marking. Use abrasive blast cleaning to remove laitance and curing compound from the surface of new concrete pavement before applying the traffic stripe or pavement marking. Construct recesses as shown in the following table: Recess Depth Requirements Material Requirement Depth (mils) Tolerance (mils) Thermoplastic 375 ±5 Two-component paint 75 Methyl methacrylate 250 Warranty tape 150 Construct recesses for double traffic stripes in a single pass. Before applying the traffic stripes and pavement markings:
1.Allow wet ground recesses to dry a minimum of 24 hours
2.Remove all powdery residue from dry recess
3.Keep the recesses dry and free from debris Apply traffic stripe s and pavement markings before the end of the same work shift.
84-2.03B Application of Traffic Stripes and Pavement Markings
84-2.03B(1) General
Apply material for a pavement marking with a stencil or a preformed marking. Immediately remove drips, oversp ray, improper markings, or material tracked by traffic, using an authorized method. Apply a traffic stripe or a pavement marking only to a clean, dry surface during a period when the pavement surface temperature is above 50 degrees F. Apply traffic stripe or pavement marking and glass beads in a single pass. You may apply the glass beads by hand on pavement markings. Embed glass beads to a depth of 1/2 their diameters. Distribute glass beads uniformly on traffic stripe and pavement markings. Glass be ads with integral color must match the color of the stripe or pavement marking. Apply glass beads with two separate applicator guns when two gradations are specified. Allow enough overlap distance between new and existing striping patterns to ensure contin uity at the start and end of the transition. The retroreflectivity of applied traffic stripes and pavement markings must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: SECTION 84 MARKINGS Retroreflectivity Requirements Traffic stripe material White (min, mcd·m-2·lx-1) Yellow (min, mcd·m-2·lx-1) Paint traffic stripes 250 125 Thermoplastic 250 125 Thermoplastic with enhanced wet-night visibility 700 500 Two-component traffic stripes 700 500 Methyl methacrylate 700 500 Warranty t ape 700 500
84-2.03B(2) Thermoplastic
84-2.03B(2)(a) General
Apply primer or surface preparation adhesive under the manufacturer's instructions:
1.To all roadway surfaces except for asphaltic surfaces less than 6 months old
2.At a minimum rate of 1 gallon per 300 square feet
3.To allow time for the thermoplastic primer to dry and become tacky before application of the thermoplastic Do not thin the primer. Preheat thermoplastic using preheaters with mixers having a 360 -degree rotation. Apply thermoplastic in a sin gle uniform layer by spray or extrusion methods. Completely coat and fill voids in the pavement surface with the thermoplastic. Apply recessed thermoplastic at a thickness so that the top is from 0 to 50 mils below the pavement surface.
84-2.03B(2)(b) Extruded Thermoplastic
Apply extruded thermoplastic at a temperature from 400 to 425 degrees F or as recommended by the manufacturer. The applied traffic stripe must be at least 0.090 inch thick. Apply extruded thermoplastic pavement marki ngs at a thickness from 0.100 to 0.150 inch.
84-2.03B(2)(c) Sprayable Thermoplastic
Apply sprayable thermoplastic at a temperature of 350 to 400 degrees F. The applied stripe must be at least 0.040 inch thick.
84-2.03B(2)(d) Thermoplastic with Enhanced W et-Night Visibility
Apply extruded thermoplastic at a temperature from 400 to 425 degrees F or as recommended by the manufacturer. Apply thermoplastic with enhanced wet -night visibility at a maximum speed of 8 mph. The applied stripe must be at least 0.090 inch thick. The applied pavement marking must be at least 0.100 inch thick. Place the glass bead layers in the order recommended by the manufacturer. The glass beads used in both layers must be surface treated for use with thermoplastic under the bead manufacturer's instructions. The high -performance glass beads and Type 2 glass beads application rates must be per manufacturer recommendations. SECTION 84 MARKINGS
84-2.03B(3) Methyl Methacrylate
Apply the methyl methacrylate w hen the pavement surface and atmospheric temperatu res are from 40 to 104 degrees F. Apply methyl methacrylate at a minimum thickness of 0.090 inches for traffic stripe and pavement markings. Apply recessed methyl methacrylate traffic stripe and pavement markings at a minimum thickness of 0.200 inches. Apply the glass beads recommended by the methyl methacrylate manufacturer.
84-2.03B(4) Warranty Tape
Do not use warranty tape on existing open graded friction course or chip seal. Prepare pavement surface and use primer under the warranty tape manufacturer 's written instructions. Apply tape to clean and dry pavement surface. Roll or tamp the warranty tape in place.
84-2.03B(5) Two -Component Paint
Apply a two -component painted traffic stripe or pavement marking in a single pass and in the following order or a s specified by the manufacturer :
1.Coat of two -component paint
2.Application of large gradation glass beads recommended by the two -component paint manufacturer
3.Application of Type 1 glass beads Apply two -component paint when the pavement surface temperature is above 39 degrees F, and the atmospheric temperature is above 36 degrees F. The temperature of the paint must comply with the paint manufacturer's instructions. Apply two -component paint and glass beads at a maximum speed of 10 mph. Apply recessed two -component paint at a thickness from 0.020 to 0.025 inch.
84-2.03B(6) Paint
Do not apply paint if:
1.Fresh paint could become damaged by rain, fog, or condensation
2.Atmospheric temperature could drop below 50 degrees F during the drying period Do not thin paint. Use mechanical means to paint traffic stripes and pavement markings and to apply glass beads for traffic stripes. The striping machine must be capable of superimposing successive coats of paint on the 1st coat and on existing stripes at a minimum speed of 5 mph. Where the configuration or location of a traffic stripe is such that the use of a striping machine is not practicable, you may apply the traffic paint and glass beads by other methods and equipment if authorized. Apply traffic stripes and pavement markings in 1 coat on existing pavement surfaces, at an approximate rate of 107 sq ft/gal. Apply traffic stripes and pavement markings in 2 coats on a new pavement surface. The 1st coat of paint must be dry before applying the 2nd coat. Apply 2 -coat paint at the approximate rate of 215 sq ft/gal for each coat. Paint a 1 -coat, 3 -inch-wide black stripe between the two 6-inch-wide yellow stripes of a double traffic stripe. If the two 6-inch-wide yellow stripes are applied in 2 coats, apply the black stripe concurrently with the 2nd coat of the yellow stripes. SECTION 84 MARKINGS On 2 -lane highways:
1.If the 1st coat of the centerline stripe is applied in the same direction as increasing post miles, use the right-hand spray gun of the 3 spray guns to apply a single yellow stripe
2.If the 1st coat of the centerline stripe is applied in the same direction as decreasing post miles, use the left -hand spray gun of the 3 spray guns to apply a single yellow stripe
3.Apply the 2nd coat of centerline strip ing in the opposite direction of the 1st coat Apply glass beads at an approximate rate of 5 lb of beads per gallon of paint. Verify the application rate of paint by stabbing the paint tank with a calibrated rod. If the striping machine has paint gauges, the Engineer may measure the volume of paint using the gauges instead of stabbing the paint tank with a calibrated rod.
84-2.03B(7) Contrast Striping
Apply contrast stripe paint in two coats. Do not use glass beads or other reflective elements in contrast striping material.
84-2.03B(8) 84-2.03B(10) Reserved
84-2.04 Payment
The payment quantity for a traffic stripe is the length measured along the line of the traffic stripe without deductions for gaps in the broken traffic stripe. The payment quan tity for a pavement marking is the area covering it. A double traffic stripe consisting of two 6-inch-wide or 8 -inch-wide stripes are measured as 2 traffic stripes except for painted traffic stripes, warranty tape, and sprayable thermoplastic traffic strip es. A double sprayable thermoplastic traffic stripe consisting of two 6 -inch-wide or 8 -inch-wide stripes are measured as single traffic stripe. A double painted traffic stripe consisting of two 6 -inch-wide or 8 -inch-wide stripes separated by a 3 -inch- wide or wider black stripe is measured as a single traffic stripe. A double warranty tape traffic stripe consisting of two 6 -inch-wide or 8 -inch-wide stripes separated by a 3 - inch-wide or wider black stripe is measured as a single traffic stripe. The payment qu antity for contrast stripe consisting of white or yellow stripe with a black stripe placed along one or both sides, or adjacent to traffic stripe is the length measured along the line of the contrast stripe without deductions for gaps in the broken traffic stripe. The Department pays for contrast stripe as a separate item when adjacent to extruded thermoplastic, enhanced wet night visibility, and methyl methacrylate .
84-3 Contrast Treatment
84-3.01 84-3.10 Reserved
84-4 84-7 Reserved
84-8 Rumble Strips
84-8.01 General
84-8.01A Summary
84-8.01B Definitions
rumble strip: Band of raised material or indentations formed or grooved in the traveled way on the centerlin e or shoulders that is used to alert or warn drivers.
84-8.01C Submittals
Reserved SECTION 84 MARKINGS
84-8.01D Quality Assurance
Reserved
84-8.02 Materials
Not Used
84-8.03 Construction
84-8.03A General
Select the method and equipment for constructing ground -in indentations . Do not construct rumble strips:
1.On structures, approach slabs, or concrete weigh -in-motion slabs
2.At intersections
3.Bordering two -way left turn lanes , driveways, or other high -volume turning areas
4.Within 6 inches of any concrete pavement joint Modify r umble strip spacing to avoid locating a groove on a concrete pavement joint . Construct rumble strips within 2 inches of the alignment shown. Rumble strip equipment must be equipped with a sighting device that enables the op erator to maintain the rumble strip alignment. Indentations must comply with the dimensions shown and not vary more than:
1.10 percent in length
2.0.06 inch in depth
3.10 percent in width
4.1 inch in center -to-center spacing between rumble strips Grind or remove and replace noncompliant rumble strip indentations at locations determined by the Engineer. Ground surface areas must be neat and uniform in appearance. Grinding equipment must be equipped with a vacuum attachment to remove residue from the roa dbed. The noise level created by the combined grinding activities must not exceed 86 dBA when measured at a distance of 50 feet at right angles to the direction of travel. Break rumble strips before and after intersections, driveways, railroad crossing s, freeway gore areas, and freeway ramps. Place breaks and break distances as shown. You may adjust breaks and the break distances as needed at low -volume driveways or other locations if authorized.
84-8.03B Rumble Strips in Concrete Pavement
Construct rumble strips by grinding indentations in concrete pavement. Concrete pavement must be hardened before grinding the indentations. Do not construct indentations until (1) 10 days after concrete placement and (2) the concrete has developed a modulus of rupture of 550 psi when tested under California Test 523. Remove grinding residue under section 13 -4.03E(7).
84-8.03C Rumble Strips in Asphalt Concrete Pavement
Construct rumble strips in th e top layer of HMA and asphalt concrete surfacing by the ground -in method. Dispose of the removed material. On ground areas, apply a fog seal coat under section 37 -4.02.
84-8.04 Payment
The payment quantity for any type of rumble strip is the length measured by the station along the length of the rumble strip w ithout deductions for gaps between indentations. SECTION 84 MARKINGS
84-9 Existing Markings
84-9.01 General
84-9.01A Summary
84-9.01B Definitions
Reserved
84-9.01C Submittals
Submit your proposed method for removing traffic stripes and pavement markings at least 7 days before starting the removal work. Allow 2 business days for the review.
84-9.01D Quality Assurance
Reserved
84-9.02 Materials
Not Used
84-9.03 Construction
84-9.03A General
Remove exis ting traffic stripes before making any changes to the traffic pattern. Remove traffic stripe includes the removal of:
1.Pavement markers, including any markers in the gaps, within the line of traffic stripe removal.
2.Stripes of varying material.
3.Stripes up to 20 inches wide. The width includes contrast. Remove contrast stripes, traffic stripes and pavement markings, including any markers, paint or marking material in the gaps, by methods that do not remove pavement to a depth of more than 1/8 inc h. Limit the striping removal method to the area bound by 6 inches before and after the actual striping material and within 2 inches left and right of the actual striping material. Remove pavement markings such that there is no part of the markings still v isible. Make any area removed by grinding rectangular. Water must not puddle in the ground areas. Fog seal ground areas on asphalt concrete pavement.
84-9.03B Remove Traffic Stripes and Pavement Markings Containing Lead
Reserved
84-9.03C Remove Traffic S tripes and Pavement Markings —High-Pressure Water Blasting
84-9.03C(1) General
Remove contrast stripe, traffic stripes, and pavement markings before making any change to the traffic pattern. Remove contrast stripes, traffic stripes, and pavement markings, including any paint in the gaps, using high-pressure water blasting. Water must not puddle in the blasted areas. Before removing contrast stripe, traffic stripes or pavement markings, you must perform a field test to demons trate the effectiveness of the high -pressure water blasting system. The Engineer selects and marks a test section of traffic stripe at least 50 feet in length. During the test, use the high -pressure water blasting system to remove the traffic stripe withou t damaging the existing pavement. Do not proceed with work beyond the test section until authorized. The Engineer may adjust the size of the test section for your demonstration if necessary.
Source: California Standard Specifications, 2024 Edition. Pages 1167–1177 of 1,372.