96GEOSYNTHETICS

96-1.01 General

96-1.01A Summary

96-1.01B Definitions

Reserved

96-1.01C Submittals

96-1.01C(1) General

For each type of geosynthetic submit:

96-1.01C(2) Geosynthetic Reinforcement

Submit test data and calculations for nominal long -term strength of primary geosynthetic reinforcement and tensile strength of secondary geosynthetic reinforcement . The test data and calculations must be signed by an engineer registered as a civil engineer in the State.

96-1.01D Quality Ass urance

Geosynthetics must be on the DataMine list for geotextiles and geosynthetics at the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program website. The manufacturing source code must be printed every 5 meters along the edge of the material except for:

96-1.02 Materials

96-1.02A General

Treat geosynthetics to resist degradation from exposure to sunlight. Furnish geosynthetics in covers to protect against damage from moisture, sunlight, and shipping and storage.

96-1.02B Filter Fabric

Geosynthetics used for filter fabric must be permeable and nonwoven. Filter fabric must be manufactured from one of the following:

96-1.02C Geocomposite Wall Drain

Geocomposite wall drain must consist of a polymeric core with filter fabric integrally bonded to one or both sides of the core creating a stable drainage void. Filter fabric must comply with section 96 -1.02B. Geocomposite wall drain must be from 0.25 to 2 inches thick. Geocompos ite wall drain must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Geocomposite Wall Drain Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Transmissivity (gal/min/ft) gradient = 1.0, Normal stress = 5,000 psf ASTM D4716 4

96-1.02D Geosynthetic Reinforcement

96-1.02D(1) General

Reserved

96-1.02D(2) Primary Geosynthetic Reinforcement

Primary geosynthetic reinforcement must be either geotextile or geogrid. Geotextile permittivity must be at least 0.05 sec -1 under ASTM D4491. Geogrid must have a regular and defined open area. The open area must be from 50 to 90 percent of the total grid area. Primary geosynthetic reinforcement must comply with the requirement s shown in the following table : Primary Geosynthetic Reinforcement Quality Requirement characteristic PR1000 PR1400 PR2000 PR2600 PR3200 PR4000 PR4800 Nominal long -term strength in primary strength direction, (min, lb/ft) 1,000 1,400 2,000 2,600 3,200 4,000 4,800 Color Marking (On both edges of each product roll) White Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Purple Nominal long -term strength of primary geosynthetic reinforcement must be calculated and determined under AASHTO R69. SECTION 96 GEOSYNTHETICS Installation damage reduction factor used to calculate nominal long -term strength of primary geosynthetic reinforcement must be based on installation damage test of the geosynthetic reinforcement placed in a backfill:

96-1.02D(3) Secondary Geosynthetic Reinforcement

Secondary geosynthetic reinforcement : must be biaxial geogrid and comply with the requirements shown in the following table : Secondary Geosynthetic Reinforcement Quality characteris tic Test Method Requirement SR0800 SR1200 SR1600 SR2000 SR2600 Ultimate t ensile strength, (min, lb/ft) ASTM D6637 800 1,200 1,600 2,000 2,600 Aperture size, (min and max, inch) Calipered 0.8–3.0 UV resistance, retained tensile strength, 500 hours, (min, %) ASTM D4355 70

96-1.02E Silt Fence Fabric

Silt fence fabric must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Silt Fence Fabric Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Woven Nonwoven Grab breaking load, 1 -inch grip in each direction (min, lb) ASTM D4632 120 120 Apparent elongation, in each direction (min, %) ASTM D4632 15 50 Water flow rate, average roll value (gal per minute/sq ft) ASTM D4491 10–100 100–150 Permittivity (min, sec -1) ASTM D4491 0.05 1.1 Apparent opening size, average roll value (max, µm (US Sieve)) ASTM D4751 600(30) 300(50) UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours (min, %) ASTM D4355 70 70

96-1.02F Gravel -Filled Bag

Gravel -filled bag must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Gravel-Filled Bag Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Grab breaking load, 1 -inch grip in each direction (min, lb) ASTM D4632 205 Water flow rate, average roll value (gal per minute/sq ft ) ASTM D4491 80–150 Permittivity (min, sec -1) ASTM D4491 0.2 Apparent opening size, average roll value (max, µm (US Sieve)) ASTM D4751 425(40) UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours (min, %) ASTM D4355 70 SECTION 96 GEOSYNTHETICS

96-1.02G Sediment Filter Bag

The sediment filter bag must comply with the requirements shown in the follow ing table: Sediment Filter Bag Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Woven Nonwoven Grab breaking load, 1 -inch grip in each direction (min, lb) ASTM D4632 200 250 Apparent elongation, in each direction (min, %) ASTM D4632 10 50 Water flow rate, average roll value (gal per minute/sq ft) ASTM D4491 100–200 75–200 Permittivity (min, sec -1) ASTM D4491 1.0 1.0 Apparent opening size, average roll value (max, µm (US Sieve)) ASTM D4751 600(30) 300(50) UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hour s (min, %) ASTM D4355 70 70

96-1.02H Temporary Cover

Temporary cover must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Temporary Cover Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Woven Nonwoven Grab breaking load, 1 -inch grip in each direction (min, lb) ASTM D4632 200 200 Apparent elongation in each direction (min, %) ASTM D4632 15 50 Water flow rate, average roll value (gal per minute/sq ft) ASTM D4491 4–10 80–120 Permittivity (min, sec -1) ASTM D4491 0.05 1.0 Apparent opening size, average roll value (max, µm (US Sieve)) ASTM D4751 600(30) 300(50) UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours (min, %) ASTM D4355 70 70

96-1.02I Rock Slope Protection Fabric

RSP fabric must be a permeable, nonwoven, needle -punched geotextile. The fabric must be manufactured from one of the following:

96-1.02J Paving Fabric

Geosynthetics used for paving fabric must be nonwoven. Paving fabric must comply with the re quirements shown in the following table: Paving Fabric Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Mass per unit area (min, oz/sq yd) ASTM D5261 4.1 Grab breaking load, 1 -inch grip in each direction (min, lb) ASTM D4632 100 Apparent elongation in each direction (min, %) ASTM D4632 50 Hydraulic bursting strength (min, psi) ASTM D3786 200 Melting point (min, F) ASTM D276 325 Asphalt retention (min, gal/sq yd) ASTM D6140 0.2

96-1.02K Paving Mat

Geosynthetics used for paving mat must be a nonwoven fiberglass and polyester hybrid material. Paving mat must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Paving Mat Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Breaking force (min, lb/2 -inch cut strip) ASTM D5035 45 Ultimate elongation (max, %) ASTM D5035 5 Mass per unit area (min, oz/sq yd) ASTM D5261 3.7 Melting point (min, F) ASTM D276 400 Asphalt retention (min, gal/sq yd) ASTM D6140 0.10

96-1.02L Paving Grid

Geosynthetics used for paving grid must be a geopolymer material formed into a grid of integrally connected elements with openings. Paving grid m ust comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Paving Grid Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Class I Class II Class III Tensile strength at ultimate (min, lb/ina) ASTM D6637 560 by 1,120 560 280 Aperture size (min, in) Calipered 0.5 0.5 0.5 Elongation (max, %) ASTM D6637 12 12 12 Mass per area (min, oz/sq yd) ASTM D5261 16 10 5.5 Melting point (min, °F) ASTM D276 325 325 325 aFor Class I, machine direction x cross direction. For Class II and Class III, both directions. SECTION 96 GEOSYNTHETICS

96-1.02M Paving Geocomposite Grid

Paving geocomposite grid must consist of a paving grid specified in section 96 -1.02L bonded or integrated with a paving fabric as specified in section 96 -1.02J. Paving geocomposite grid must have a peel strength of at least 10 lb/ft when tested under ASTM D413.

96-1.02N Geocompo site Strip Membrane

Geocomposite strip membrane must be various widths of strips manufactured from asphaltic rubber and geosynthetics. Geocomposite strip membrane must co mply with the requirements shown in the following table: Geocomposite Strip Membrane Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Strip tensile strength (min, lb/in) ASTM D882 50 Elongation at break (min, %) ASTM D882 50 Resistance to puncture (min, lb) ASTM E154 200 Permeance (max, perms) ASTM E96/E96M 0.10 Pliability, 1/4 -inch mandrel with sample conditioned at 25 °F ASTM D146 No cracks in fabric or bitumen Melting point (°F) ASTM D276 325

96-1.02O Subgrade Enhancement Geotextile

Subgrade enhancement geotextile must be either polyester or polypropylene. Subgrade enhancement geotextile must comply with the requiremen ts shown in the following table: Subgrade Enhancement Geotextile Quality characteristic Test method Requirementa Class A1 Class A2 Class B1 Class B2 Class B3 Elongation at break ( %) ASTM D4632 <50 ≥50 <50 <50 ≥50 Grab breaking load, 1 -inch grip in each direction (min, lb) ASTM D4632 250 160 -- 320 200 Wide width tensile strength at 5 percent strain (min, lb/ft) ASTM D4595 -- -- 2,000 -- -- Wide width tensile strength at ultimate strength (min, lb/ft) ASTM D4595 -- -- 4,800 -- -- Tear strength (min, lb) ASTM D4533 90 60 -- 120 80 Puncture strength (min, lb) ASTM D6241 500 310 620 620 430 Permittivity (min, sec -1) ASTM D4491 0.05 0.05 0.20 0.20 0.20 Apparent opening size (max, µm(US Sieve)) ASTM D4751 300(50) 300(50) 600(30) 300(50) 300(50) UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours (min, %) ASTM D4355 70 70 70 70 70 aValues are based on minimum average roll value in the weaker principal direction except apparent opening size is based on maximum average roll value.

96-1.02P Geogrid for Pavement

Geosynthetics used for geogrid for pavement must be a punched and drawn polypropylene material formed into an integrally formed biaxial grid. SECTION 96 GEOSYNTHETICS Biaxial geogrid must comply with the requirements shown in the following t able: Biaxial Geogrid Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Aperture size (in)a Calipered 0.8–1.3 by 1.0–1.6 Rib thickness (min, in) Calipered 0.04 Junction thickness (min, in) Calipered 0.150 Tensile strength, 2% strain (min, lb/ft)a ASTM D6637 410 by 620 Tensile strength at ultimate (min, lb/ft)a ASTM D6637 1,310 by 1,970 UV resistance, retained tensile strength, 500 hours (min, %) ASTM D4355 100 Junction strength (min, lb/ft)a ASTM D7737 1,220 by 1,830 Overall flexural rigidity (min, mg -cm) ASTM D7748 750,000 Torsional rigidity at 20 cm -kg (min, mm -kg/deg)b GRI GG9 0.65 aMachine direction x cross direction . bGeosynthetic Research Institute, Test Method GG9, Torsional Behavior of Bidirectional Geogrids When Subjected to In -Plane Rotation .

96-1.02Q Geosynthetic Bond Breaker

Geosynthetic bond breaker must be nonwoven; needle punched; not heat treated; polypropylene, polyethylene material. Geosynthetic bond breaker material must comply with the requirements shown in the following table: Geosynthetic Bond Breaker Quality characteristic Test method Requirement Mass per unit area (min, oz/sq yd) ASTM D5261 14.7 Thickness at 29 psi (min, mm) ASTM D5199 1.0 Tensile strength at ultimate (min, lb/ft) ASTM D4595 685 Elongation (max, %) ASTM D4595 130 Permittivity at 2.9 psi (min, m/s) ASTM D5493 0.0001 Hydraulic transmissivity at 29 psi (min, m/s) ASTM D6574 0.0002 UV resistance, retained grab breaking load, 500 hours (min, %) ASTM D4355 60

96-1.02R Geomembrane

Geomembrane must be:

96-1.02S 96-1.02Y Reserved

96-1.03 Construction

Not Used

96-1.04 Payment

Not Used 97–98 RESERVED