402.1General Description
This work includes producing and placing hot mix recycled asphaltic concrete that incorporates reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), reclaimed asphalt shingles (RAS), virgin aggregate, hydrated lime, and neat asphalt cement. 402.1.01 Definitions General Provisions 101 through 150. 402.1.02 Related References
SOP 41 Guidelines for RAP Stockpile Approval 402.1.03 Submittals
Notify the Engineer before removing RAP from a stockpile that belongs to the Department. Submit to the Engineer the certified weight tickets of materials removed from the stockpile.
Submit to the laboratory an affidavit stating the sources of stockpiled materials to be used on a State project. Include the following information in the letter: • State project number • Location from which the material was removed • Approximate removal dates • Mix types removed and the estimated quantity of each type in the stockpiles • Other available information about the stockpiled material such as percentage of local sand in the RAP Obtain specific approval from the laboratory to use RAP or RAS stockpiles. Adhere to Guidelines for RAP Stockpile Approval. 411 411 411 411 411 411 411
402.2Materials
Use RAP materials from any of the following: • Existing roadway • Contractor’s RAP stockpile that has been approved by the Department • Department stockpile NOTE: The location of Department RAP material stockpiles will be given on the plans. Do not use RAP materials that contain alluvial gravel or local sand in any mixture placed on interstate projects except for mixtures used in shoulder construction. When used in shoulder construction, limit RAP containing local sand or alluvial gravel so that the sand or gravel contributes no more than 20 percent of the total aggregate portion of the mix.
For non-interstate projects, limit the percentage of RAP allowed in recycled mixes so that the overall amo unt o f alluvial gravel does not exceed 5 percent of the total mix. The percentage of alluvial gravel, local sand, and Group I material in the RAP will be determined through petrographic analysis or available records.
RAP used in the recycled mixtures for mainline or ramps (if applicable) may make up from 0 to 40 percent of the mixture depending on the amount of RAP available, the production facilities, and whether the mixture meets the requirements in Section 828. T he maximum ratio of RAP material to the recycled mixtures other than SMA is 40 percent for continuous mix ty pe plants and 25 percent for batch type plants. The maximum ratio of RAP material to the recycled mixture i s 15 percent for Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixes.
Process RAP material to be used in the recycled mixture so that 100 percent will pass the 2 in. (50 mm) sieve. Additional crushing and sizing may be required if the RAP aggregate exceeds the maximum sieve size for th e mi x type as shown in Section 828. Obtain representative materials from the RAP stockpile for the mix design.
RAS materials are produced as a by-product of manufacturing roofing shingles and/or discarded shingle scrap from the reroofing of buildings.
mixture weight.
are less than 1/2 in. (12.5 mm) in any dimension.
shingles are used to certify the RAS material is free of asbestos. Test stockpiles at the rate of one test per 1000 tons (megagrams) prior to processing. Other than as specifically stated in this Subsection, ensure that RAS material is used according to the same requirements as described for RAP material.
Asphaltic concrete removed from an existing roadway becomes the Contractor’s property unless specified otherwise on the plans. RAP material retained by the Department is designated on the plans, and the RAP shall b e s tockpiled at the location specified on the plans. 412 412 412 412 412 412 412
Use of local sand in recycled mixes is restricted as stipulated in Section 828 for the Project. However, RAP which contains local sand may be used in surface and intermediate layers of non-interstate projects so long as the RAP percentage used does not contribute more than 5% local sand to the total aggregate portion of the mix. The amo unt of local sand in the RAP material shall be considered when determining the percentage of local sand in the total mix. Where Pay Items specify that Group II only aggregate is to be used, RAP which consists primarily of Group II aggregate, but contains some Group I aggregate, shall be limited such that the Group I aggregate makes up no more than 5 percent of the total aggregate portion of the mix. When a Blend I mix is specified, any Group I materials in the RAP will be considered when determining the Group I portion allowed in the total mix as specified in Subsection 828.2.A.2.
Using laboratory evaluations, the Department will determine the asphalt cement grade to be used in the recycled mixture. The asphalt cement shall meet the requirements of Section 820. When the asphalt cement is blended with asphalt cement recovered from the RAP material and after tests o n r esidue from thin film oven tests, the asphalt cement shall have a viscosity of 6,000 to 16,000 poises (600 to 1600 P
viscosity is being met. If the Engineer determines during construction that the selected asphalt cement grade is not performing satisfactorily, the Department may change the asphalt cement grade in the mixture, with no change in the C ontract Unit Price.
The recycled mixture shall be a homogenous mixture of RAP or RAS material, virgin aggregate, hydrated lime, and neat asphalt cement. Ensure that the mixture conforms to an approved mixture design outlined in Section 828. 402.2.01 Delivery, Storage, and Handling Separate the stockpiles by Project sources and by Group I and Group II aggregate types. Erect a sign on each stockpile to identify the source(s). If RAP material from different project sources becomes intermixed in a stockpile, only use those materials when approved by the laboratory. The Department may reject by visual inspection stockpiles that are not clean and free of foreign materials.
402.3Construction Requirements
402.3.01 Personnel General Provisions 101 through 150. 402.3.02 Equipment
Use a hot mix plant for the recycling process with necessary modifications approved by the Engineer to process recycled material. Design, equip, and operate the plant so that the proportioning, heating, and mixing yields a uni form final mixture within the job mix formula tolerances.
Proportion the RAP or RAS material using a separate cold feed bin. Ensure that the material meets the s ize requirements in Subsection 402.2, Materials. The ratio of the RAP or RAS to virgin aggregate shall be controlled gravimetrically. 413 413 413 413 413 413 413
Use electronic belt weighing devices to monitor the flow of RAP or RAS and the flow of virgin aggregate. For b atch-type plants, the RAP or RAS portion of the mix may be weighed in a weigh hopper before incorporating it into the pugmill. The RAP shall be screened through a 2-inch maximum sized screen prior to crossing the cold feed weigh. Ensure the amount of RAP material incorporated into the asphalt plant does not change after this final measurement is processed by the asphalt plant computer.
Equip plants with an interlocking system of feeders and conveyors that synchronize the RAP or RAS material flow wi th the virgin aggregate flow. Ensure that the electronic controls track the flow rates indicated by the belt wei ghing devices and develop the signal to automatically maintain the desired ratio at varying production rates. Design the RAP or RAS feeder bins, conveyor system, and auxiliary bins (if used) to prevent RAP material froms egregating and sticking. 402.3.03 Preparation General Provisions 101 through 150. 402.3.04 Fabrication General Provisions 101 through 150. 402.3.05 Construction Follow the requirements in Section 400 for hot mix recycled asphaltic concrete production and placement, materials, equipment, and acceptance plans except as noted or modified in this specification. 402.3.06 Quality Acceptance The Department may require additional quality control tests to determine the RAP stockpile consistency and the RAP aggregate quality. In this case, conduct at least three extraction/gradation tests from each individual source. Ensure that aggregate meets the quality standards in Section 800. 402.3.07 Contractor Warranty and Maintenance General Provisions 101 through 150.
402.4Measurement
Recycled asphaltic concrete mixture, complete in place and accepted, is measured in tons (megagrams). The weight is determined by recorded weights if an approved recording device is used. Or, the weight is determined by weighing each loaded vehicle on an approved motor truck scale as the material is hauled to the roadway. 402.4.01 Limits General Provisions 101 through 150.
402.5Payment
The work performed and the materials furnished as described in this specification will be paid for at the Contract Unit Price per ton (megagram). Payment is full compensation for providing materials, hauling and necessary crushing, processing, placing, rolling and finishing the recycled mixture, and providing labor, tools, equipment, and incidentals necessary to complete the work, including hauling and stockpiling RAP or RAS material. 414 414 414 414 414 414 414
Payment will be made under: Item No. 402 Recycled asphaltic concrete ___ mm Superpave, group-blend, including bituminous materials Per ton (megagram) Item No. 402 Recycled asphaltic concrete ___ mm Superpave, group-blend, including bituminous materials and hydrated lime Per ton (megagram) Item No. 402 Recycled asphaltic concrete ___ mm Superpave, group-blend, including polymer-modified bituminous materials and hydrated lime Per ton (megagram) Item No. 402 Recycled asphaltic concrete ___ mm Superpave, Type__, group- blend, including bituminous materials and hydrated lime Per ton (megagram) Item No. 402 Recycled asphaltic concrete _______mm mix, group-blend, including bituminous materials and hydrated lime Per ton (megagram) Item No. 402 __________in. (mm) recycled asphaltic concrete type Superpave, group-blend, including bituminous materials Per square yard (meter) Item No. 402 __________in. (mm) recycled asphaltic concrete type Superpave, group-blend, including bituminous materials and hydrated lime Per square yard (meter) Item No. 402 __________in. (mm) recycled asphaltic concrete type Superpave, group-blend, including polymer-modified bituminous materials
and hydrated lime
Per square yard (meter)
Item No. 402 __________in. (mm) recycled asphaltic concrete ______ mm mix,
group-blend, including bituminous materials and hydrated lime
Per square yard (meter)
Item No. 402 Recycled asphaltic concrete patching including bituminous
materials
Per ton (megagram)
Item No. 402 Recycled asphaltic concrete patching including bituminous
materials and hydrated lime
Per ton (megagram)
Item No. 402 Recycled asphaltic concrete leveling including bituminous
materials
Per ton (megagram)
Item No. 402 Recycled asphaltic concrete leveling including bituminous
materials and hydrated lime
Per ton (megagram)
Item No. 402 Recycled asphaltic concrete type Stone Matrix Asphalt, group-
blend, including polymer-modified bituminous materials and
hydrated lime
Per ton (megagram)
An adjustment period is allowed at the start of mixing operations for each type of mix placed on the Contract. A
new adjustment period shall not be granted for a change of producer, mix design or asphalt plant location. The
adjustment period is provided to adjust or correct the mix and to establish the construction procedures and
sequence of operations.
The adjustment period consists of the tons (megagrams) of the affected mix produced and placed on the first day
of operation. If this quantity is less than 500 tons (500 Mg), the Engineer may combine the tons (megagrams)
produced and placed on the first day of operation with the tons (megagrams) produced and placed on the next
production day of the affected mix for the adjustment period. 415415415415415415415
The material produced and placed during the mixture adjustment period is one lot. If the mix is adjusted during
this period, a new lot may be necessary, but a new adjustment period will not be permitted.
This material shall be paid for at 100 percent of the Contract Unit Price provided it meets the minimum
requirements for a 1.00 pay factor for asphalt cement content and a 0.90 pay factor for gradation in the Mixture
Acceptance Schedule—Table 9 or 10.
If the material placed during the adjustment period fails to meet the above requirements, it will be paid for using
the applicable acceptance schedule. However, when mixture used for leveling at a spread rate of 90 lbs./yd²
(50 kg/m²) or less is also used for the surface mix at a spread rate greater than 90 lbs./yd² (50 kg/m²), an
additional adjustment period will be allowed for compaction only. This material will be paid for at a 1.00 pay factor
provided it:
• Meets the minimum requirements for a 1.00 pay factor in the Mixture Acceptance Schedule—Table 9 or 10
for both asphalt content and gradation.
• Meets the minimum requirements for a 0.90 pay factor in Table 12 of Subsection 400.5.01C, Calculate
Mean Pavement Air Voids.
Mixture which does not meet these requirements shall be paid for using the applicable acceptance schedule.
Pay factor adjustments are based on control sieves and asphalt cement content. The control sieves used in the
mixture acceptance schedule for the various types of mix are indicated below:
Control Sieves Used in the Mixture Acceptance Schedule
Asphaltic concrete 25 mm Superpave 1/2 in., No. 8 (12.5 mm, 2.36 mm) sieves and asphalt cement
Asphaltic concrete 19 mm SMA 1/2 in., No. 8 (12.5 mm, 2.36 mm) sieves and asphalt cement
Asphaltic concrete 19 mm Superpave 3/8 in., No. 8 (9.5 mm, 2.36 mm) sieves and asphalt cement
Asphaltic concrete 12.5 mm Superpave 3/8 in., No. 8 (9.5 mm, 2.36 mm) sieves and asphalt cement
Asphaltic concrete 12.5 mm SMA 3/8 in., No. 8 (9.5 mm, 2.36 mm) sieves and asphalt cement
Asphaltic concrete 9.5 mm Superpave No. 4, No. 8 (4.75 mm, 2.36 mm) sieves and asphalt cement
Asphaltic concrete 9.5 mm SMA No. 4, No. 8 (4.75 mm, 2.36 mm) sieves and asphalt cement
Asphaltic concrete 4.75 mm Mix No. 8 (2.36 mm) sieve and asphalt cement
The Department will perform the following tasks:
deviations from the job mix formula per test results per lot.
formula; disregard whether the deviations are positive or negative amounts.
Schedule—Table 9 or 10 of Subsection 400.3.06 to determine acceptance of surface mixes and the Mixture
Acceptance Schedule—Table 10 of Subsection 400.3.06 to determine acceptance of subsurface mixes.
On Contracts involving 1,000 tons (1000 Mg) or less of asphaltic concrete, the mixture is accepted for 100 percent
payment of the asphaltic concrete Unit Price provided it meets the following:
the applicable Mixture Acceptance Schedule—Table 9 or 10 of Subsection 400.3.06. 416416416416416416416
Air Voids.
If the material placed on Contracts involving 1,000 tons (1000 Mg) or less of asphaltic concrete does not meet the
above requirements, the material will be paid for using the applicable acceptance schedule.
The Department will determine the percent of maximum air voids for each lot by dividing the pavement mean air
voids by the maximum pavement mean air voids acceptable.
The Department will determine the payment for each lot by multiplying the Contract Unit Price by the adjusted pay
factor shown in the following Air Voids Acceptance schedule:
TABLE 12 - AIR VOIDS ACCEPTANCE SCHEDULE
Pay
Factor
Percent of Maximum Air Voids (Lot Average of
Tests)
Percent of Maximum Air Voids (Lot Average
all Tests) (for Reevaluations)
1.00 ≤100 ≤100
0.97 100.1 — 105 100.1 — 104
0.90 112.1 — 124 109.1 — 118
0.80 124.1 — 149 118.1 — 136
0.70 149.1 —172 136.1 — 153
When the range tolerance is exceeded, the Department will apply a pay factor of 0.95 as described in
Subsection 400.3.06.B.2.
Hot mix asphaltic concrete placed on temporary detours that will not remain in place as part of the permanent
pavement does not require hydrated lime. Hot mix used for this purpose is paid for at an adjusted Contract Price.
The payment for this item shall cover all cost of construction, maintenance and removal of all temporary mix. Hot
mix asphaltic concrete placed as temporary mix shall meet requirements established in Subsection 400.3.05.F.
Where the Contract Price of the asphaltic concrete for permanent pavement is let by the ton (megagram), the
Contract Price for the asphaltic concrete placed on temporary detours is adjusted by subtracting $0.75/ton
($0.85/mg) of mix used.
Where the Contract price of the mix in the permanent pavement is based on the square yard (meter), obtain the
adjusted price for the same mix used on the temporary detour by subtracting $0.04/yd² ($0.05/ m²) per 1- in.
(25-mm) plan depth.
Further price adjustments required in Subsection 400.3.06, Quality Acceptance, which are based on the
appropriate adjusted Contract Price for mix used in the temporary detour work shall apply should temporary mix
be left in place. Hot mix asphalt produced as temporary mix containing no hydrated lime shall be removed and
replaced with permanent mix containing hydrated lime.
Determine the lot payment as follows:
by multiplying the Contract Unit Price by the adjusted pay factor. 417417417417417417417
by multiplying the Contract Unit Price by the lowest pay factor.
If the mean of the deviations from the job mix formula of the tests for a sieve or asphalt cement content exceeds
the tolerances established in the Mixture Acceptance Schedule—Table 9 or 10 and if the Engineer determines that
the material need not be removed and replaced, the lot may be accepted at an adjusted unit price as determined
by the Engineer. If the pavement mean air voids exceed the tolerances established in the Air Voids Acceptance
Schedule – Table 12, remove and replace the materials at the Contractor’s expense.
If the Engineer determines that the material is not acceptable to leave in place, remove and replace the materials
at the Contractor’s expense.. 418 418 418 418 418 418 418
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