833Joint Fillers and Sealers

833.1General Description

This section includes the requirements for joint fillers and sealers, as follows: Joint Sealers Joint Fillers • Hot-poured • Preformed elastic • Silicone sealant and bond breaker • For bridge decks: • Neoprene • Ethylene propylene diene monomer • For inductive loops: • Polyurethane sealant • Preformed • Preformed foam • Water-blown urethane • Elastomeric polymer type joint compound 833.1.01 Related References

AASHTO ASTM M 153 M 213 M 220 T 42 C 679 C 793 C 1016 D 412 D 471 D 573 D 746 D 792 D 822 D 1056 D 1171 D 1149 D 1622 D 1623 D 1752 D 2240 GDT 15 GDT 47 GDT 62 GDT 70 GDT 106 QPL 20 QPL 66 QPL 75 1548 1548 1548

833.2Materials

833.2.01 Preformed Joint Filler

General Provisions 101 through 150.

General Provisions 101 through 150.

Use preformed joint filler that meets either AASHTO M 153 or AASHTO M 213 requirements. For a list of sources, see QPL 20. Ensure that cellulose fiber types meet the requirements of AASHTO M 213 (except for the asphalt content) and contain minimums of 0.2 percent zinc borate as a preservative and 1.5 percent waterproofing wax.

General Provisions 101 through 150. 833.2.02 Hot-Poured Joint Sealers

Type Use a hot-poured joint sealer that is a mixture of materials compatible with asphalt, with or without rubber. The sealer shall have the following characteristics: • Forms a resilient and adhesive compound • Effectively seals joints and cracks in pavements against moisture during repeated cycles of expansion and contraction • Does not flow from the joint and cannot be picked up by vehicle tires at an ambient temperature of 125 °F (50 °C) Compound Characteristics Use a compound that has a uniform pouring consistency capable of completely filling joints without forming large air holes or discontinuities.

each lot or batch.

temperature to which the sealing compound can be heated and still meet all the requirements. 1549 1549 1549

Physical Characteristics Use a hot-poured joint sealer that has the following properties: Property Required Measurement Penetration Less than 0.35 in. (9 mm.) Flow Less than 0.12 in. (3 mm). Resilience Minimum recovery of 60%. Bond to concrete 0 °F, ± 2 °F (–18 °C, ± 1 °C) The compound does not separate or have gaps within or between the compound and the blocks. Compatibility (with asphaltic concrete) Adhesion does not fail. Oily exudate does not form at the interface between the sealing compound and the asphaltic concrete. The sealant does not soften or have deleterious effects on the asphaltic concrete.

General Provisions 101 through 150.

The Department will test as follows: Test Method Hot-poured joint sealers GDT 62

General Provisions 101 through 150. 833.2.03 Elastomeric Polymer Type Joint Compound

Type Furnish elastomeric polymer-type joint sealing compound in two components—a base compound and a curing agent.

inert fillers.

Compound Characteristics Use a sealing compound that can be mixed to a homogenous consistency at the site and applied by an approved mechanical device or poured and troweled manually.

80 ºF, ± 5 ºF (27 ºC, ± 3 ºC).

80 ºF, ± 5 ºF (27 ºC, ±3 ºC).

according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

movement along a superelevated joint. 1550 1550 1550

24 hours of application. Physical Properties Use material that has the following physical properties: Property Required Measurement Cone penetration Between 0.1 in. (2.5 mm) and 0.39 in. (10 mm) Flow No appreciable flow Resilience (air- and oven-cured samples) Minimum recovery of 75% Bond No cracks, separation, or other opening over 1/ 4 in. (6 mm) deep in the sealer or between the sealer and block Solubility Not to exceed 2 percent; no apparent defects that affect the material as a sealant

General Provisions 101 through 150.

The Department will test as follows: Test Method Elastomeric joint compound GDT 15

General Provisions 101 through 150. 833.2.04 Preformed Elastic Joint Sealer

This section also covers adhesives and lubricants for the sealers. Type Use a preformed elastic joint sealer that is a vulcanized elastomeric compound using polymerized chloroprene as the only basic elastomer. The joint sealers include both open and closed cell sealers. Certification

your tests or from the manufacturer of the preformed joint sealer.

received or each manufacturer’s lot.

from the manufacturer of the joint sealer lubricant/adhesive or adhesive. 1551 1551 1551

Preformed Open Cell Joint Sealer

Physical Property Requirement Tensile strength Min. 2,000 psi (14 MPa) Elongation at break Min. 250% Hardness, Type A durometer 55±5 Oven aging, 70 hours @ 212 °F (100 °C) Tensile strength, change Elongation, change Hardness, change Max. -30% Max. -40% +10 points Oil swell, ASTM oil No. 3: Volume change, 70 hrs. @ 212 °F (100 °C) Max. 80% Ozone resistance, 20% strain: 300 ppm in air, 70 hrs. @ 100 °F (38 °C) (wipe with solvent to remove surface contaminants) No cracks Joint sealer recovery under 50% deflection: Recovery after 70 hrs. @ 212 ºF (100 ºC) Recovery after 72 hrs. @ 14 ºF (-10 ºC) Recovery after 22 hrs. @ –20 ºF (-29 ºC) Min. 85% Min. 88% Min. 83%

Nominal Size, In. (mm) Movement Capability*, In. (mm) Min. Force 4 lb. per linear inch (18 N per 25 mm) @ Width, In. (mm) Min. Force–30 lb. per linear inch (133 N per 25 mm) Max. Force–100 lb. per linear inch (445 N per 25 mm) @ Width In. (mm) 2 (50) 13/16 (20) 1-7/8 (47) 1-1/16 (27) 2-1/2 (63) 1-1/8 (28) 2-3/8 (60) 1-1/4 (32) 3 (75) 1-3/8 (34) 2-7/8 (73) 1-1/2 (38) 3-1/2 (88) 1-5/8 (40) 3-3/8 (86) 1-3/8 (34) 4 (100) 1-3/4 (43) 3-7/8 (98) 2-1/8 (54) *Movement capability is the movement allowed within the widths of the specified maximum and minimum forces. The design maximum and minimum joint width is based on these widths. The installation width depends on the temperature at the time of installation.

Plans with a minimum force of 4 lbs. per linear inch (18 N per linear 25 mm), not exceeding 20 lbs. per linear inch (89 N per linear 25 mm), exerted on the joint faces. 1552 1552 1552

Preformed Closed Cell Joint Sealer for Roadways

Physical Property Requirement Dimensions Meet Plan requirements for movement and depth Surfaces Smooth and clean Compression/deflection Allow movement specified on the Plans with a minimum force of 4 lbs. per linear inch (18 N per linear 25 mm) exerted on the joint faces and maximum deflection equal to 50% of the original width Joint sealer recovery under 50% deflection 85% recovery (compressed to half original thickness for 22 hours @ 158 ºF (70 ºC), then compression removed for 48 hours at room temperature) 85% recovery after 22 hours at 0 ºF (-18 ºC) Water absorption Maximum 5% weight increase Ozone resistance No cracking after exposure of sample at 20% strain to 100 ppm ozone for 70 hours at 100 ºF (38 ºC) Joint Sealer Lubricants/Adhesives

one-component polychloroprene compound, containing only soluble phenolic resins blended with antioxidants and acid acceptors in an aromatic, hydrocarbon solvent mixture. The lubricant shall have the following physical properties: Physical Property Requirement Average net weight per gallon (liter) Min. 7.84 lbs. (940 grams) Solid content 22-28% by weight Film strength Tensile strength Min. 2,300 psi (16 MPa) Elongation before breaking Min. 750%

polyurethane and hydrocarbon solvent mixture with the following physical properties: Physical Property Requirement Average net weight per gallon (liter) Min. 8 lbs. (960 grams) Solids content Min. 72% by weight Film strength (ASTM D 412) Min. 1,200 psi (8 MPa) Elongation before breaking Min. 350% Viscosity Perform suitably with the installation equipment Remain fluid from 5 to 120 ºF (-15 to 49 ºC) Product Delivery Deliver each lot of the lubricant/adhesive in containers plainly marked with the manufacturer’s name or trademark, lot number, and date of manufacture. 1553 1553 1553

General Provisions 101 through 150.

Test as follows: Preformed Open Cell Joint Sealer Test Method Tensile strength and elongation ASTM D 412 Hardness ASTM D 2240 Oven-aging ASTM D 573 Oil swell ASTM D 471 Ozone Resistance ASTM D 1149 Joint sealer recovery GDT 47 Compression/Deflection GDT 70 Preformed Closed Cell Joint Seals for Roadway Test Method Compression/Deflection GDT 70 Joint sealer recovery (Run the hot recovery at 158 ºF (70 ºC) instead of 212 ºF (100 ºC). Allow seals to recover for 48 hours at room temperature before measuring.) GDT 47 Water Absorption ASTM D 1056 Ozone Resistance ASTM D 471 Joint Sealer Lubricants/Adhesives Test Method Film Strength ASTM D 412

For joint sealer lubricants/adhesives: Store the lubricant/adhesive at 50 º to 80 ºF (10 º to 27 ºC). Retest any lubricant/adhesive not used within 270 days of its manufacture. 1554 1554 1554

833.2.05 Water-Blown Urethane Joint Filler

Type Furnish water-blown urethane joint filler in two components.

expansion joints.

Physical Requirements

Times at 80 ºF, ± 5 ºF (27 ºC, ± 3 ºC) Minimum Maximum

Cream time (interval after mixing the two components and before the material

begins to expand).

1 minute 5 minutes

Expansion time (interval between when the material starts and stops expanding). 10 minutes

Tack free time (Determine whether the material is tack free by touching lightly.

Begin the time requirement for tack free time when the expansion time ends.)

10 minutes

Physical Property Requirement

Weight per cubic foot (meter) 4lbs, ± 0.4 lbs. (64 kg, ± 6 kg)

Compression to 50% thickness 40 to 130 psi (275 to 895 kPa)

Recovery (compressed to 50% thickness, released, then tested 10

minutes later)

Min. 65%

Extrusion when compressed 50% Max. 0.125 In. (3 mm)

Moisture absorption Max. 0.10 lb./ft.² (490 g/m²) of exposed area

General Provisions 101 through 150.

Test as follows:

Test Method

Weight per cubic foot (meter) AASHTO T 42 [omit drying at 220 ºF (104 ºC)]

Compression to 50% thickness AASHTO T 42

Recovery after compression AASHTO M 213

Extrusion AASHTO T 42

Moisture absorption AASHTO T 42 (calculate absorption based on exposed area)

General Provisions 101 through 150. 155515551555

833.2.06 Silicone Sealants and Bond Breakers

Prepare and install silicone and bond breakers according to Section 461.

Silicone

Furnish silicone sealant in a one-part or two part silicone formulation. Use sealant that is compatible with the

surface to which it is applied. Do not use acid-cure sealants on Portland cement concrete.

please see QPL 66. Identify silicones as the following types:

1) Type A—A one part, low modulus, non-sag silicone. Used to seal horizontal and vertical joints in

Portland cement concrete pavements and bridges. Tooling is required.

2) Type B—A one part, very low modulus, self-leveling silicone. Used to seal horizontal joints in Portland

cement concrete pavements and bridges. Tooling is not normally required.

3) Type C—A one part, ultra-low modulus, self-leveling silicone. Used to seal horizontal joints in

Portland cement concrete pavements and bridges and joints between Portland cement concrete

pavement and asphaltic concrete shoulders. Tooling is not normally required.

4) Type D—A two part, ultra-low modulus, self-leveling, rapid cure silicone. Used to seal horizontal joints

in Portland cement concrete pavements and bridges and joints between Portland cement concrete

pavement and asphaltic concrete shoulders. Tooling is not required.

Portland cement concrete.

155615561556

TABLE 1—PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SILICONE SEALANTS

Type Silicone A B C D

Tensile Stress at 150% Strain, Max. psi (kPa) (Note 1) 45 (310) 40 (275) 15 (105) 25 (175)

Durometer Hardness, Shore [0 o F and 77 o F ± 3 o F (-18 o C

and 25 o C ± 2 o

C)] (Note 1)

“A”

“00”

“00”

“00”

Bond to Concrete Mortar, Min. psi ( kPa) (Note 1) (Note 3) 50 (345) 40 (275) 35 (240) 35 (240)

Tack Free Time (Skin-over) (Max. Minutes) (Note 2) 90 90 90 30

Extrusion Rate (Min. Grams/Minute) (Note 4) 75 90 100 200-550

Non-volatile (Min. %) 90 90 90 90

Specific Gravity 1.1 - 1.5 1.1 - 1.5 1.1 - 1.5 1.2 - 1.5

Shelf Life (from date of shipment) 6 Months 6 Months 6 Months 6 Months

Movement Capability & Adhesion (Note 1) No adhesive or cohesive failure after 10 cycles at 0 o F (-

o C).

Ozone and U.V. Resistance (Note 1) No chalking, cracking or bond loss after 5,000 hours.

Note 1: The cure time for these specimens shall be 21 days for Type A and 28 days for Type B, C and D. Specimens

shall be cured at 77 o F ± 3 o F (25 o C ± 2 o C) and 50±5% relative humidity.

Note 2: At conditions of 77 o F ± 3 o F (25 o C ± 2 o C) and 50±5% relative humidity.

Note 3: Type C and D silicone shall also meet its bond strength requirement to asphalt concrete.

Note 4: Type D extrusion rate shall be within the range specified.

Bond Breakers

Bond breakers shall be chemically inert and resistant to oils, gasoline, solvents, and primer, if one is required.

Install silicone sealants over a bond breaker to prevent the sealant from bonding to the bottom of the joint.

required.

1) Backer Rods

Type L Closed-cell, expanded polyethylene foam

Type M Closed-cell, polyolefin foam with a closed-cell skin over an open-cell core

Use backer rods that meet the following physical requirements:

Physical Property Requirement

Density 2 lb./ft.³ (30 kg/m³)min.

Tensile strength 25 psi (170 kPa) min.

Water absorption 0.02 g/cm³ max. 155715571557

2) Bond Breaking Tapes

Type N bond breaking tapes are made from extruded polyethylene with a pressure-sensitive adhesive

on one side.

Bond breaking tapes may be used with all four types of silicone, but is suitable for bridge joints only.

Bond breaking tapes shall have a minimum thickness of .005 in. (0.13 mm.).

Joint Sealant Certification

Submit, at no cost to the Department, a minimum of 30 gal (100 L) of material and certified test results on

each lot of joint sealant furnished to a Project.

Submit a certification that verifies the sealant meets all the test requirements of this specification, except the

Bond to Concrete Mortar and Shore Durometer Hardness at 0 ºF (-18 ºC).

Prepare and install silicone and bond breakers according to Section 461.

Silicone

Test the silicone as follows:

Test Method

Tensile stress ASTM D 412 (die C)

Durometer hardness ASTM D 2240

Bond to concrete mortar GDT 106

Tack free time (skin-over) GDT 106*

Extrusion rate GDT 106

Non-volatile GDT 106

Specific gravity ASTM D 792 (Method A)

Movement capability and adhesion GDT 106

Ozone and UV resistance ASTM C 793

*In cases of dispute, use ASTM C 679 as a referee test.

Bond Breakers

Test the bond breaker backer rods as follows:

Test Method

Density ASTM D 1622

Tensile strength ASTM D 1623

Water absorption ASTM C 1016 155815581558

Department Responsibility

The Department will:

specification.

place for two winters without failure before being accepted.

General Provisions 101 through 150.

833.2.07 Neoprene for Bridge Deck Joint Seals

Type

Use a neoprene material for bridge deck joint seals that is a vulcanized elastomeric compound with

polymerized chloroprene as the only basic elastomer.

TABLE 2—PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR NEOPRENE

Test Requirements Test Method

Tensile strength

Before aging 1500 psi (10 MPa) min. ASTM D 412

After oven-aging for 70 hrs. @ 212 ºF (100 ºC) 30% max. loss ASTM D 573

Elongation at breaks

Before aging 250% min. ASTM D 412

After oven aging for 70 hrs. @ 212 ºF (100 ºC) 40% max. ASTM D 573

Hardness Type A Durometer

Before aging 63 ± 10 points ASTM D 2240

After oven-aging for 70 hrs. @ 212 ºF (100 ºC) 0 to +15 points change ASTM D 2240

After aging for 70 hrs. @ 14 ºF (-10 ºC) 0 to +15 points change ASTM D 2240

Ozone Resistance: After 70 hrs. @ 104 ºF (40 ºC), under 20%

strain in 300 ppm in air (Wipe specimens with toluene before

test to remove surface contaminants)

No cracks ASTM D 1149

Weight change in oil After 22 hrs. in oil No. 2 [ASTM D 471] 45% max. AASHTO M 220

Recover under 50% deflection (type II only)

After 70 hrs. @ 212 ºF (100 ºC) 85% min. AASHTO M 220

After 72 hrs. @ 14 ºF (-10 ºC) 88% min. AASHTO M 220

After 22 hrs. @ –22 ºF (-30 ºC) 85% min. AASHTO M 220

Certification

Submit certified test results on the joint seal system according to Subsection 106.05, Materials Certification. 155915591559

General Provisions 101 through 150.

Test according to the methods indicated in Table 2.

General Provisions 101 through 150.

833.2.08 Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer for Bridge Deck Joint Seals

Type

Use an ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) material for bridge deck joint seals that is 100 percent

EPDM compound.

Ensure the compound shall meet the following physical requirements:

Physical Property Requirement

Hardness, Type A Durometer 80 ± 5

Tensile strength Min. 2,000 psi (14 MPa)

Elongation at break Min. 200%

Low temperature Not brittle at –67 ºF (-55 ºC)

Weather resistance No cracks

Ozone resistance (70 hours, 100 ºF (38 ºC), under 20% strain, 100 ppm in

air)

No cracks

Certification

Submit certified test results of the joint seal system according to Subsection 106.05, Materials Certification.

General Provisions 101 through 150.

Test the EPDM as follows:

Test Method

Hardness, Type A Durometer ASTM D 2240

Tensile strength ASTM D 412

Elongation at break ASTM D 412

Low temperature ASTM D 746

Weather resistance ASTM D 1171

Ozone resistance (70 hours, 100 ºF (38 ºC) under 20% strain, 100 ppm in air) ASTM D 1149

General Provisions 101 through 150. 156015601560

833.2.09 Polyurethane Sealant for Inductive Loops

Type

Use polyurethane sealant that is a one component, moisture-curing, flexible sealant formulated to encapsulate

inductive detector loop wires and leads embedded in asphaltic or Portland cement concrete. For a list of

sources, see QPL 75.

Submit, at no cost to the Department, at least 12, 29 oz. (857 mL) cartridges of the material.

Physical Characteristics

Use a sealant that will:

• Remain flexible to –20 ºF (-30 ºC) (necessary to protect the wire from the stress of pavement

movement).

• Fully encapsulate the wire but resist flowing out on inclined or crowned roads.

• Be compatible with asphaltic concrete.

• Not soften the asphaltic concrete to a degree that would cause widening of the joint, when installed in a

simulated joint in the laboratory.

Use a cured polyurethane sealant that meets the following physical requirements:

Physical Property Requirement

Hardness, Type A Durometer 35-85

Tensile strength Min. 150 psi (1035 kPa)

Elongation at break Min. 200%

Flexibility 20 ºF (30 ºC) No cracks

Weathering resistance Slight chalking

Furnish certified test results of the loop sealant according to Subsection 106.05, Materials Certification.

General Provisions 101 through 150. 156115611561

Test the polyurethane sealant for inductive loops as follows:

Test Method

Hardness, Type A Durometer ASTM D 2240

Tensile strength ASTM D 412 [die C pulled at 20 in. (500 mm)/min]

Elongation at break ASTM D 412 [die C pulled at 20 in. (500 mm)/min]

Flexibility –20 ºF (-30 ºC) 25 mil (0.64 mm) free film bend (180°) over a 1/2 in. (13 mm) mandrel

Weathering resistance ASTM D 822; Weatherometer 350 hrs., cured 7 days, 77 ºF (25 ºC), 50% relative

humidity

Department Responsibility

The Department will:

also must meet the requirements of this specification.

before being accepted.

General Provisions 101 through 150. 156215621562

833.2.10 Preformed Foam Joint Filler

Type

Use a preformed foam joint filler consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, neoprene, natural

rubber, or isomeric polymer closed-cell foam and ultraviolet, stable resistant to oils, chemicals, ozone, and

weathering. Ensure the joint filler conforms to the following physical requirements:

Physical Property Requirement Test Method

Cell Structure (Compression—Deflection to 50% of

original thickness

Closed Cell

35 – 50 psi (250 – 350 kPa)

ASTM D545

Recovery (Compress the specimen to 50% of original

thickness)

80% min. ASTM D545

Water Absorption 1% volume max. ASTM D545

Extrusion at 50% compression of original thickness 0.25 in. (6 mm) max. ASTM D545

Density 3.5 lbs./ft (56.1 kg/m

) min ASTM D545

Heat Resistance @ 392 °F ± 5 °F (200 ° C ± -15 ° C) 1% max ASTM D5249

UV Weathering (1000 hrs., Cycle A – 340 nm) No observation change or

cracking

ASTM D4329

Freeze Thaw Resistance (300 cycles) No visual change, <10%

tensile strength change

ASTM C666

General Provisions 101 through 150.

Test according to ASTM D 1752.

General Provisions 101 through 150.. 1563 1563 1563