SECTION 818 WOOD PRODUCTS
818.01 INSPECTION, TESTING, AND ACCEPTANCE. The Engineer will visually
inspect and approve all treated wood products before use on the project. The Division of Materials will grade inspect, sample, and test all treated wood products before their use on the project if the plant producing the wood materials is located within the Commonwealth or a 100-mile driving distance of its borders. When obtaining treated wood materials from a plant outside this 100-mile distance, have an independent treated-wood testing company approved by the Division of Materials grade inspect, sample, and test the wood treated material at no expense to the Department. Obtain a report prepared by the independent testing firm that grade inspected, sampled and tested the treated wood material, and submit it to the Division of Materials at least 15 days before using the wood materials on the project. Use only treated wood that has been cut to size before treating. Treat field sawn surfaces according to AWPA M4.
818.02 BOARDS. Boards are defined as being less than 2-inch in nominal thickness and
one inch or more in width. Only use boards th at are one of the available grades established by either the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau (SPIB) or the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau (WCLIB). The Contract will designa te the grade and applicable inspection bureau.
818.03 DIMENSION LUMBER. Dimension lumber is limited to surfaced softwood
lumber of nominal thickness from 2-inch through 4-inch. Only use dimension lumber for framing members such as joists, planks, rafters, studs, and small timbers. Use only dimension lumber boards that are one of the available grades established by either the SPIB or the WCLIB. The Contra ct will designate the grade and applicable inspection bureau.
818.04 TIMBERS, 5-INCH BY 5-INCH AND LARGER. Use only timbers that are of
one of the available grades established by e ither the SPIB or the WCLIB. The Contract shall designate the dimensions, grade, species, and applicable inspection bureau.
818.05 STRUCTURAL LUMBER. Conform to the AASHTO Standard Specifications
for Highway Bridges.
818.06 Bridge Planking and Rough Local Hardwoods.
818.06.01 Species. Use only bridge planking that is White Oak, Red Oak, or Southern
Yellow Pine. The term “White Oak” includes White Oak, Chestnut Oak, Post Oak, Burr Oak, Swamp Chestnut Oak, Swamp White Oak, Live Oak, Chinquapin Oak, and other less known varieties of oak of this character. The term “Red Oak” includes Red Oak, Black Oak, Southern Red Oak, Willow Oak, Water Oak, Pin Oak, Cherrybark, or Swamp Red Oak, and other less known varieties of oak of this character. Southern Yellow Pine may be any species except Field or Loblolly.
818.06.02 Quality of White Oak or Red Oak. The Engineer will not approve wood
for use that has splits, rot, or unsound knots. Use only pieces that are sawed full to specified sizes and lengths, with square edges except wane (bark or the lack of wood) as follows. The Engineer will allow wane on one corner on 30 percent of the pieces in any shipment, not to exceed 15 percent of the width of the face on whic h it appears. The Engineer will allow this grade with sound stains, scattered worm holes or grub holes not materially affecting the strength of the piece and sound bird pecks, or their equivalent; sound knots or their equivalent not exceeding in diameter 25 percent the width of the face in which they appear. Use only boxed heartcenter wood products. Cut pieces not large enough to box the 818-1 heartcenter outside the heart except that sizes 2 to 6 inches in thickness, 6 inches wide and wider, may show heart on one face only, in 30 percent of the pieces in any shipment.
818.06.03 Quality of Southern Yellow Pine. Conform to the SPIB grades as follows:
A.Structural Light Framing (2-inch by 2-inch to 4-inch by 4-inch). Provide No. 1 Dense.
B.Structural Joists and Planks (3-inch by 8-inch or 4-inch by 6-inch). Provide No. 1 Dense.
C.Stress Rated Timbers (5-inch by 5-inch and larger). Provide No. 1 SR.
818.06.04 Dimensions and Tolerances. Use rough timber that is cut full size as
specified, sawed true with parallel faces. The Engineer will allow no more than 25 percent of a lot or shipment to be scant 1/4 inch in thickness and no more than 10 percent of a lot or shipment may be scant 1/4 inch in width. Ensure that dressed dimensions for both oak and pine material conform to Southern Pine Inspection Bureau thicknesses and widths for Dimension Lumber.
818.06.05 Rough Local Hardwood. This subsection covers hardwood lumber and
timber that is produced locally. Use only White Oak, Red Oak, or Beech hardwood. Where hardwood material is intended to be used inside, the Department will allow other species of hardwood that are suitable for the intended use, when such species are specified.
1.Use only material that is cut from live standing trees and is free from any form of decay.
2.The Department does not require seasoned material.
3.Cut all pieces to a square edge with no less than 75 percent heart, girth measurement, for full length of the piece.
4.Saw all material to the full nominal dimensions.
5.Ensure that all knots are tight and sound. Do not allow any material with a knot of greater diameter than half of the wi dth of the face on which it occurs. Allow only one maximum knot, or small knots aggregating in diameter of one maximum knot, in each one-foot length of timber.
6.Ensure that all material is reasonably free from crook and warp.
7.Do not allow any piece that has a shake, crack, or split which extends over half through the narrow face of the piece.
8.Do not allow any boxed heart in pieces less than 3 inches in thickness.
9.The Engineer will reject material having any defect or combination of defects that seriously impairs the strength or that renders it unsatisfactory for the intended use.
818.07 PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT. When the Contract specifies preservative
treatment of wood products, treat according to AWPA U1, Section A. Provide preservative conforming to AWPA U1, Section A as the Contract specifies. Do not use creosote or creosote solutions with wood required to be paintable. When the Contract specifies pentachloroph enol preservative, use heavy petroleum solvent when the Contract does not require painting. Use light petroleum solvent when the Contract requires that the wood is to be paintable. Do not use water-borne preservatives where the wood will be in contact with water unless recommended by AWPA specifications. Follow the guidelines set in AWPA M4 for the care of preservative treated wood products. 818-2 SECTION 819 —TUNNEL LINING MATERIALS
819.01 DESCRIPTION. This section covers materials requirements for steel plates and
fittings to be used for lining tunnels. Refe r to the Contract for sectional properties.
819.01.01 Steel Plates. Use base metal for steel plates that conforms to the chemical
requirements of ASTM A 1011. Ensure that the flat plate, before cold forming, conforms to the following minimum mechanical properties: Tensile Strength 42,000 psi Yield Strength 28,000 psi Elongation, 2 inches 30% Ensure that nominal plate dimensions provide the sectional properties shown in the current edition of the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges. For thickness tolerances, conform to Table 6 of AASHTO M 167. Provide steel liner plates of additional thickness or protect by coatings or other means when specified in the Contract for resistance to abrasion or corrosion.
819.01.02 Bolts and Nuts. Do not use any bolts and nuts with lapped seams that are
less than 5/8 inch in diameter. Provide bolts conforming to ASTM A 449 for plate thicknesses equal to or greater than 0.209 inch and A 307 for plate thickness less than 0.209 inch. Provide nuts conforming to ASTM A 307, Grade A. Only use bolts and nuts with 4-flanged plates of no less than 1/2 inch in diameter for plate thicknesses to and including 0.179 inch and no less than 5/8 inch in diameter for plates of greater thickness. 819-1
Source: Kentucky Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 605–606 of 718.