622Pavement and Bridge Surface Removal and Texturing

622.10.1 Description. This work shall consist of coldmilling the existing pavement surface to the depth, profile

and cross slope shown on the plans and removing and disposing of the milled material.

622.10.2 Equipment.

622.10.2 1 The equipment for milling and removing the pavement surface shall be capable of removing a

thickness of bituminous or concrete material to the specified depth and providing a uniform profile and cross slope.

622.10.2 2 The equipment shall be capable of accurately and automatically establishing profile grades within 1/8

inch of each edge of the machine. The milling equipment shall be regulated by an automatically controlled grade leveling and slope control device. The device shall provide control for producing a uniform surface to the established grade and a cross slope in accordance with the typical section. The device shall also be equipped with the necessary controls to permit the operator to adjust or vary the slope as directed by the engineer.

622.10.2 3 The equipment shall have provisions for controlling dust and other particulate matter created by the

cutting action. The equipment shall also have an effective means of removing cuttings from the pavement and discharging them into a hauling unit, all in one operation, as the pavement is milled.

622.10.3 Construction Requirements.

622.10.3 1 Except for cold milling of depth transitions sections and butt joints, all pavement that is cold milled

for the purpose of resurfacing shall receive the first lift of resurfacing during the same day or night work shift as the cold milling operation.

622.10.3 2 The milling operations, except in depth transition areas, shall be regulated by an automatically

controlled grade leveling and slope control device.

622.10.3 3 The roadway pavement surface shall be removed and planed around and over manholes, utility

valves and drainage appurtenances within the limits of the work as directed by the engineer. Any damage to manholes, utility valves or drainage appurtenances by the removal and planning operation shall be repaired by the contractor at the contractor’s expense. After removal of existing material around manholes, utility valves and other appurtenances, the contractor shall place a temporary wedge around the appurtenance. The temporary wedge shall consist of bituminous or another approved material at a slope that will allow safe transition over the appurtenance by through traffic and of a thickness and design that the material remains intact while under traffic. Bituminous wedges shall be removed prior to resurfacing.

622.10.3 4 The milled surface of each layer shall be substantially free from waves or irregularities. The final

milled surface shall not vary from a 10-foot straightedge, applied parallel to the centerline, by more than 1/4 inch. Spalled areas presenting a hazard shall be repaired using an approved bituminous pavement. The texture of the final milled surface shall be a grid surface with discontinuous longitudinal striations.

622.10.3 5 Existing shoulder material shall be removed as necessary to ensure no ponding of water on the

driving surface occurs after the milling operation.

622.10.3 6 Care shall be exercised not to damage existing concrete pavement. The concrete pavement surface

may be scarified as shown on the plans or approved by the engineer.

622.10.3 7 Loose material not picked up by the milling machine shall be removed from the roadway or bridge

deck surface immediately behind the milling operation, except in areas with earth or stabilized aggregate shoulders. Loose material may be swept to the shoulders as approved by the engineer.

622.10.3 8 The contractor shall provide pavement marking as shown on the plans through the limits of the

milled surfaces in accordance with Sec 620.

622.10.4 Method of Measurement. Final measurement will not be made except for authorized changes during

construction or where appreciable errors are found in the contract quantity. Where required, measurement for removal of the existing pavement surface will be computed to the nearest square yard. The correction will be added to or deducted from the contract quantity.

622.10.5 Basis of Payment. The accepted quantity of removal of existing surface will be paid for at the contract

unit price for each of the pay items included in the contract. No direct payment will be made for removal of shoulder material by milling or other methods as required to provide drainage in accordance with Sec

622.10.3 5, unless shoulders are to be removed as part of the contract. No direct payment will be made for

loading, hauling, stockpiling or disposing of milled material, repairing spalled areas, placing and removing temporary wedges, providing temporary pavement marking or performing other items incidental to completion of this work. SECTION 622.20 COLD MILLING PAVEMENT FOR A DRIVING SURFACE.

622.20.1 Description. This work shall consist of fine-tooth coldmilling to improve the profile, cross slope or

texture of an existing pavement surface as shown on the plans or as directed by the engineer. The finished profile shall provide a smooth riding surface, free from gouges, and shall have a uniform textured appearance.

622.20.1 1 Locations may be field adjusted in length by the engineer, not to exceed 1/4 mile for any one location

and provided the total area for all locations is not changed, without change in payment. All specified locations shall be milled.

622.20.1 2 Contractors shall make their own conclusions concerning the quantity of material to be removed. The

actual depths of milling will vary due to rut depths, drainage and profile requirements.

622.20.2 Equipment. Equipment for profiling, texturing and removing the pavement surface shall be in

accordance with Sec 622.10, except as modified herein.

622.20.2 1 The minimum drum cutting width shall be 12 feet, unless specified otherwise in the contract.

622.20.2 2 The carbide cutting teeth shall be uniform in diameter, with a uniform length of ± 0.02inch. In

addition, the tooth holder blocks shall be uniform and shall not vary the cutting radius of the mandrel by more than ± 0.02 inch.

622.20.2 3 Removing millings from the pavement and discharging the millings into a hauling unit may be

individual operations.

622.20.3 Construction Requirements.

622.20.3 1 Removal of material for rut removal shall be to the approximate depth of the bottom of the wheel rut

in the lane being milled. The bottom of the rut shall be textured, but only minimal material removed. Milling shall be done in an approximate lane width, but may start to the right of the centerline in the approximate left wheelpath, extending into the shoulder to allow drainage, leaving the existing centerline marking in place.

622.20.3 2 Removal of material for surface texturing shall be done for the full lane width, to the depth needed in

order to texture all of the described areas.

622.20.3 3 After the proper combination of mandrel speed and forward speed have been established to produce

the required texture, the daily operation shall be uniform and continuous for other than repair or emergency operations. The milling machine shall not be halted to load or unload trucks, or to take on water.

622.20.3 4 The entire surface shall be textured, substantially free from waves or irregularities, and shall not vary

from a 10-foot straightedge, applied parallel to the centerline, by more than 1/8 inch. There may be occasional exceptions where the bottom of a wheelpath may not be textured in order to maintain an acceptable profile. Spalled areas shall be repaired using an approved bituminous patching material.

622.20.3 5 The texture produced for the finished pavement shall be a uniform surface with longitudinal

striations. There shall be a maximum lateral distance of 0.2 inch between adjacent longitudinal striation mark lines. The longitudinal distance from the center of a strike mark to the center of the next successive strike mark in line shall not exceed 5 inches. The longitudinal successive strike marks shall approximate a continuous grooved line. The difference between the high and low of the surface texture shall be approximately 1/16 inch.

622.20.3 6 The pavement surface shall be removed and milled around and over appurtenances, such as

manholes, utility valves and drainage features, within the limits of the work as directed by the engineer. Any damage to appurtenances by the milling and removal operation shall be repaired by the contractor at the contractor’s expense. The final milled pavement surface shall be smoothly transitioned at all appurtenances located in the pavement to maintain an acceptable profile.

622.20.3 7 Material adjacent to the lane being milled shall be removed as necessary to provide a smooth

transition and to ensure no ponding of water on the driving surface after the milling operation. There will be no pay for additional milling width beyond lane width as required for drainage. Removal in the traffic lanes shall be with the same equipment, providing the same texture. Removal of shoulder material may be with other milling equipment meeting the engineer's approval.

622.20.3 8 Loose material not picked up by the milling machine shall be removed from the roadway

immediately behind the milling operation. In areas with earth or aggregate shoulders, the loose material may be swept to the shoulders when approved by the engineer. If required by the engineer, the finished surface shall be wetted just prior to returning to traffic to reduce traffic visibility problems due to dust.

622.20.3 9 Obliterated edgelines next to a shoulder will not be required to be replaced by the contractor, unless

specified in the contract. Any other pavement marking removed by the contractor’s operations shall be replaced with temporary pavement marking in accordance with Sec 620, except when permanent pavement marking is specified in the contract. Prior to installation of permanent pavement marking, all joints and cracks shall be cleaned and sealed with hot-poured, elastic type concrete joint sealer in accordance with Sec 1057.

622.20.4 Method of Measurement. The roadway lane width will be assumed for computing milling quantities.

Final measurement will not be made except for authorized changes during construction or where appreciable errors are found in contract quantity. Where required, measurement for coldmilling of the existing pavement surface will be computed to the nearest square yard. The corrections will be added to or deducted from the contract quantity.

622.20.5 Basis of Payment. The accepted quantity of coldmilling of existing pavement surface will be paid for

at the contract unit price for each of the pay items included in the contract. No direct payment will be made for loading, hauling, stockpiling or disposing of milled material, repairing spalled areas, temporary pavement marking or other items incidental to completion of the work. SECTION 622.30 DIAMOND GRINDING OF EXISTING PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT.

622.30.1 Description. This work shall consist of grinding concrete pavement to provide good riding

characteristics, a surface texture and proper drainage. The finished surface shall be as shown on the plans or as directed by the engineer.

622.30.2 Equipment. The equipment shall be of a size that will grind a strip at least 3 feet wide using diamond

blades, and shall not cause spalls at cracks, joints or other locations.

622.30.3 Construction Requirements.

622.30.3 1 The construction operation shall be scheduled and proceed in a manner that produces a uniform

finished surface. Auxiliary or ramp lane grinding shall transition from the edge of the mainline as required to provide drainage and an acceptable riding surface. Grinding of bridge decks will not be permitted unless specified in the contract.

622.30.3 2 Pavement undersealing or pavement repair, if required, shall be completed prior to any grinding.

622.30.3 3 Grinding shall be accomplished in a manner that eliminates joint or crack faults and provides lateral

drainage by maintaining a constant cross slope between grinding extremities in each lane. A maximum tolerance of 1/16 inch will be allowed for adjacent sides of joints and cracks, except that under no circumstances shall the grinding depth exceed 1/4 inch from the top of the original surface. When grinding across faulted joints, a minimum of a 20-foot transition onto the approach side slab shall be used.

622.30.3 4 The cross slope of the pavement shall be as shown on the plans and shall have no depressions or

misalignment of slope greater than 1/4 inch in 12 feet when measured with a 12-foot straightedge placed perpendicular to the centerline. Areas of deviation shall be reground. Straightedge requirements will not apply across longitudinal joints or outside the ground area.

622.30.3 5 As soon as practical after grinding, the surface will be straightedged longitudinally and all variations

exceeding 1/8 inch in 10 feet will be plainly marked. Areas of deviation shall be reground.

622.30.3 6 Substantially all of the pavement surface shall be textured. Extra depth grinding to eliminate minor

depressions in order to provide texturing on 100 percent of the pavement surface will not be required. No unground surface area between passes will be permitted, except as specified otherwise in the contract documents.

622.30.3 7 The grinding process shall produce a final pavement surface that is true to grade and uniform in

appearance with a longitudinal line type texture. The line-type texture shall contain parallel longitudinal corrugations that present a narrow ridge corduroy-type appearance. The peaks of the ridges shall be approximately 1/32 inch higher than the bottoms of the grooves. The grooves shall be evenly spaced. There shall be approximately 50-55 grooves per foot, measured perpendicular to the centerline.

622.30.3 8 The contractor shall remove and dispose of all residue from the grinding in a manner and at a

location to satisfy environmental regulations. The contractor shall have the engineer’s approval for the method of spreading and disposal of the residue prior to beginning any grinding operations.

622.30.3 8.1 Solid residue shall be removed from the pavement surface before any residue is blown by traffic

action or wind.

622.30.3 8.2 Residue shall not be permitted to encroach on open lanes.

622.30.3 8.3 The residue shall not enter into gutters or closed drainage systems. Suitable means to restrict the

infiltration of the residue into a closed drainage system shall be provided.

622.30.3 8.4 The contractor may disperse residue onto unpaved shoulders, adjacent roadside embankments, or

median ditch areas of divided highways where the residue runoff can percolate into the soil, unless specified otherwise in the contract. The spread rate shall not generate surface runoff. If surface runoff occurs at a grinding location, the contractor shall haul the residue to an approved location at the contractor’s expense.

622.30.3 8.5 Discharge of any residue runoff shall not flow into adjacent rivers, streams, lakes, ponds or other

open bodies of water.

622.30.3 8.6 Residue shall not be spread within 100 feet of any streams, lakes or other open bodies of water, or

within 15 feet of a water filled ditch.

622.30.3 8.7 The contractor shall use appropriate equipment and methods so the discharging of the residue does

not cause erosion of soil or damage to established vegetation along the roadway. The contractor shall repair and reseed any areas where the discharge of grinding residue causes damage to roadway slopes or vegetated areas at the contractor’s expense.

622.30.3 8.8 If the solids concentration of discharged residue at any particular area is determined to be excessive

by the engineer, the contractor shall provide equipment and material to flush the areas with water as directed by the engineer, at the contractor’s expense.

622.30.3 8.9 Obliterated edgelines next to a shoulder will not be required to be replaced by the contractor unless

specified in the contract. Any centerline or lane line markings removed by the contractor’s operations shall be replaced with temporary pavement marking material in accordance with Sec 620, unless permanent pavement marking material is specified in the contract. Prior to installation of permanent pavement marking material, all joints and cracks shall be cleaned and sealed if specified in the contract.

622.30.3 9 The pavement shall be cleaned prior to opening to traffic as directed by the engineer.

622.30.4 Smoothness Requirements.

622.30.4 1 Prior to performing any grinding work, but after completion of all pavement repairs,the contractor

shall provide a control International Roughness Index (IRI) per pavement segment, as defined in Sec 610.4.1 (b), from the right wheel path of each lane being diamond ground in accordance with TM-59. This control IRI will be used to identify the required smoothness for the project.

622.30.4 1.1 Each segment of the finished ground surface shall be reprofiled in the right wheel path and have a

final IRI per segment of 65 percent of the control IRI or 80 inches per mile, whichever is greater.

622.30.4 1.2 Depressed pavement areas due to subsidence or other localized causes and areas where the

maximum cut at mid panel or a fault restricts further grinding, will be excluded from testing with the inertial profiler when approved by the engineer.

622.30.4 1.3 After the initial diamond grinding operation has been profiled, additional correction shall be

performed, where determined necessary by the engineer, to reduce the average segment profile to the specified final profile requirements. The contractor will not be allowed to make corrective grinding to increase the percent of pay when the final IRI is in accordance with Sec 622.30.4.1.1. On pavement segments where corrections are necessary, additional profiles shall be made to verify that the corrections have produced an average final profile in accordance with Sec 622.30.4.1.1.

622.30.4 1.4 The engineer shall use the ProVAL software program to compute IRIs in accordance with TM-59.

The contractor shall provide the raw unfiltered profile data file in .ppf format.

622.30.4 2 Inertial profile testing shall not be performed in excluded areas as defined in Sec 610.4.2.2.

622.30.4 2.1 Excluded areas shall be tested with a 10 foot straightedge in accordance with Sec 610.4.3.

622.30.5 Method of Measurement. Final measurement will not be made except for authorized changes during

construction or where appreciable errors are found in the contract quantity. Where required, measurement will be made to the nearest square yard. Measurement will be based upon the full pavement lane width. No deduction will be made for gaps within the pavement lane to avoid striping, raised pavement markers, manholes or other structures.

622.30.6 Basis of Payment. The accepted quantity of ground pavement surface will be paid for at the contract

unit price for diamond grinding concrete pavement. Payment will be considered full compensation for all labor, equipment, material and incidentals to complete this work, including hauling and disposal of grinding residue and cleaning the pavement prior to opening to traffic.

622.30.6 1 The contract unit price for diamond grinding will be adjusted based on the final IRI for any segment

before corrections, according to the following schedule: IRI, inches per mileIncrease in Contract Unit Price 40.0 or less $0.25 40.1 to 54.0 $0.15 54.1 to 80.0 None 80.1 or greater None* *After correction to either equal to or less than 65 percent of the control IRI or 80.0 inches per mile.

622.30.6 2 At the contractor's expense, segments with an IRI not in accordance with Sec 622.30.4.1.1, after the

initial grinding, shall be corrected until the IRI is reduced in accordance with Sec 622.30.4.1.1, unless waived by the engineer. SECTION 622.40 DIAMOND GRINDING OF NEW PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE PAVEMENT.

622.40.1 Description. This work shall consist of grinding new Portland cement concrete pavement to provide

good riding characteristics and surface texture. The finished surface shall be as shown on the plans.

622.40.2 Equipment. The grinding equipment shall be in accordance with Sec 622.30.2.

622.40.3 Construction Requirements.

622.40.3 1 Paving. When diamond grinding is used as the final texturing for new Portland cement concrete

pavement, concrete paving shall be in accordance with Sec 502, except as follows. All joints shall be protected to prevent grinding residue from entering. Joints to be diamond ground shall be cleaned and sealed in accordance with Sec 502 after diamond grinding is completed.

622.40.3 2 Smoothness Requirements.

622.40.3 2.1 No diamond grinding shall be done until the pavement has attained a strength sufficient to be

opened to all types of traffic. All diamond grinding shall be completed on any section prior to opening that section to other than construction traffic, unless approved by the engineer.

622.40.3 2.2 The final pavement surface from the grinding process shall be in accordance with Sec 622.30.3.7.

All grooves and adjacent passes shall be parallel to each other and the roadway, with no variation. Adjacent passes shall completely lap with no unground surface between, however, they shall not overlap more than 1 1/2 inches. Adjacent passes shall be within 1/8 inch of the same height as measured with a 3-foot straightedge. No less than 98 percent of the specified surface shall be textured by grinding. There shall be no ridge between lanes. Any remaining ridges on the outside edge next to the shoulder greater than 1/8 inch high shall be feathered out to the satisfaction of the engineer in a separate operation.

622.40.3 2.3 Any deficiencies in the final surface due to improper contractor operations or equipment shall be

corrected by the contractor, at the contractor’s expense.

622.40.3 2.4 The contractor shall remove and dispose of all residue from grinding operations in accordance with

Sec 622.30.3.8.

622.40.4 Basis of Payment. No direct payment for diamond grinding new concrete pavement will be made.

Diamond grinding new concrete pavement will be considered as part of the work paid for under the contract unit price for Portland concrete pavement in accordance with Sec 502.