10-121TABLE 1072 -9
LIMITS FOR PLACEMENT OF STEEL BEAMS AND GIRDERS DURING SHIPMENT Length of Member, feet Minimum Length Past Last Support, feet Maximum Length Past Last Support, feet Maximum Length Past Additional Restraint, feet
75 15 22.5 9 80 16 24 9.6 85 17 25.5 10.2 90 18 27 10.8 95 19 28.5 11.4 100 20 30 12 105 21 30 12 110 22 30 12 115 23 30 12 120 24 30 12 125 25 30 12 130 26 30 12 135 27 30 12 Restrain overhanging ends of beams or girders both vertically and horizontally to prevent 1 excess movement. Chains are permitted to secure beams and girders during shipping only when 2 adequate measures are taken to prevent damage to the material by the use of approved protective 3 material. If necessary, use adequate bracing to prevent bending of the top flange. 4 Pack bolts of one length and diameter and loose nuts or washers of each size separately. Ship 5 pins, small parts and packages of bolts, washers and nuts in boxes, crates, kegs or barrels, but 6 do not allow the gross weight of any package to exceed 300 lbs . Plainly mark a list and 7 description of the contained material on the outside of each shipping container. 8 Steel die stamped fabricator ’s identity, station number, girder number and span number of main 9 members into an unpainted area (if available) near the end of the member. Die stamp members 10 with painted ends outside the painted area but as close to the end as possible. 11 Ship anchor bolts, washers and other anchorage or grillage materials, in time to be incorporated 12 into the masonry portion of the structure. 13 MISCELLANEOUS METALS AND HARDWARE 15 -1 WELDING 16 Any fa cility performing welding operations shall be approved by NCDOT Materials and Tests 17 Unit. Weld other steel items not covered under the Bridge Welding Code in accordance with 18 the applicable AWS Welding Code. Some examples may include but not limited to; St ructural 19 Welding Code -Steel (AWS D1.1), Structural Welding Code -Aluminum (AWS D1.2), 20 Structural Welding Code -Sheet Steel (AWS D1.3), Structural Welding Code - Steel Reinforcing 21 Bars (AWS D1.4) and Structural Welding Code -Stainless Steel (AWS D1.6). Certify all 22 welders performing any welding on any metals in accordance with the applicable AWS welding 23 code in the position and process required as approved by the Engineer. 24 -2 EXPANSION ANCHORS 25 Unless otherwise shown in the plans, provide expansion anchors consisting of two or more units 26 with a minimum of two hard metal conical ring wedges and two expandable lead sleeves of 27 an equally effective design that is approved by the Engineer. Use anchors providing a minimum 28 safe holding power of 3,000 lbs. for 3/4 inch bolts and 2,000 lbs. for 5/8 inch bolts, based upon 29
10-122 1/4 of the actual holding power of the anchor in 3,000 psi concrete. Furnish satisfactory 1 evidence, based upon ac tual tests performed by a commercial testing laboratory, which indicate 2 that the anchors develop the minimum required safe holding power. 3 When it is proposed to use anchors that are previously accepted as meeting the above 4 requirements, the anchors are accepted on the basis of a certified statement indicating the prior 5 acceptance of the furnished anchors. 6 -3 PLAIN STEEL BARS WITH THREADED ENDS 7 Provide plain steel bars with t hreaded ends meeting ASTM A307, Grade A . 8 -4 HARDWARE FOR TIMBER STRUCTURES 9 Use machine bolts, drift -bolts and dowels that are either wrought iron or medium steel. Use 10 washers that are cast iron ogee, malleable iron castings or cut from medium steel or wrought 11 iron plate. 12 Use machine bolts with square heads and nuts. Use nails that are cut or round wire of standard 13 form. Use spikes that are cut, wire spikes or boat spikes. 14 Use black or galvanized nails, spikes, bolts, dowels, washers and lag screws for untreated 15 timber. 16 Galvanize or cadmium plate all hardware for treated timber bridges, except malleable iron 17 connectors. 18 -5 METAL BRIDGE RAILING 19
As an option, use either aluminum or galvanized steel metal rail, provided that the same 21 material is used on all structures on the project. 22 Certified Mill Test Reports are required for rails and posts. 23 Place a permanent identifying mark that identifies the fabricator on each post. Use 24 a method and location of the identifying mark such that it does not detract from the 25 appearance of the post. 26 Where it is necessary for rails to be curved, form the curvature in the shop or in the field. 27 Uniformly curve the rail without buckling or kinking. Perform all welding in accordance 28 with AWS D1.1 for steel railing and AWS D1.2 for aluminum railing. 29 Provide an anchor unit of sufficient strength to e nsure load anchoring capacity as specified 30 for rail loading in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications . 31
Supply material for posts, post bases, rails, expansion bars and clamp bars meeting ASTM 33 B221 for Alloy 6061 T6, materials will be mill finished . 34 Use material for rivets meeting ASTM B316 for Alloy 6061 T6. Use rivets that are 35 standard button head and cone point cold driven. 36 Use material for nuts meeting ASTM B211 for Alloy 6061 T6. 37 Provide material for washers meeting ASTM B209 for Alloy Alclad 2024 T3. 38 Supply material for shims meeting ASTM B209 for Alloy 6061 T6. 39 Ensure that the handrails meet the dimen sional tolerance requirements of ANSI H35.2. 40
Use posts, post bases, rails, expansion bars and clamp bars meeting ASTM A36 and 42 galvanize in accordance with ASTM A123. Grind the cut ends of rail smooth and give 43
10-123 them 2 coats of organic zinc repair paint. Galvanize the posts and post bases after they are 1 riveted together. 2 Use rivets meeting ASTM A502 for Grade 1 rivets. 3 Use bolts meeting ASTM F593 Alloy 304. 4 Use nuts meeting ASTM F594 Alloy 304. 5 Use washers meeting ASTM F844 except made from Alloy 304 stainless steel. 6 Use materials for shims meeting ASTM A1011 for Grades 36, 40 or 45, or ASTM A1008 7 for Grade C, and galvanized in accordance with ASTM A123. 8 -6 STEEL PIPE 9 Steel pipe bent or welded in fabricating shall meet ASTM A53 for standard weight pipe. Use 10 galvanized pipe unless otherwise shown in the plans. 11 -7 IRON CASTI NGS 12
Comply with the Department ’s Iron Casting QA/QC program. Producers and suppliers 14 furnishing iron castings for Department projects shall comply with this program. The 15 program details are available on the Materials and Tests website. 16 Boldly fi llet castings at angles, and provide arises that are sharp and p recise. No sharp, 17 unfilleted angles or corners are permitted. Provide castings that are true to pattern in form 18 and dimensions, free from pouring faults, sponginess, cracks, blow holes, and other defects 19 affecting their strength and value for the service intended. Sand blast or otherwise 20 effectively clean of scale and sand all castings to present a smooth, clean, and uniform 21 surface. Welding is not allowed for the purpose of making a casting structurally sound. 22 Welding for cosmetic or other purposes is not allowed without approval of the Engineer. 23
Supply gray iron castings meeting all facets of AASHTO M 306 excluding proof load . 25 Proof load testing will only be required for new casting designs during the design process , 26 and conformance to AASHTO M 306 loading (40,000 lbs. ) will be required only when 27 noted on the design documents . Acceptance of production castings will be based on test 28 bars. Cast test bars, of s ize “B”, attached to an integral with the castings. Instead of this, 29 cast test bars separate from the castings when approved in writing by the Engineer. The 30 Engineer reserves the right to require that a test bar be machined from an actual casting if 31 deemed necessary. Unless otherwise specified, do not coat gray iron castings. Do not 32 perform any welding on castings for any reason without prior approval from the Engineer. 33 Mark castings with the NCDOT Standard Number of the casting design, the fabricator’ s 34 ID and the day, month and year of production. 35 -8 STEPS 36 Fabricate steps for minor drainage structures from deformed reinforcing bars, use gray iron 37 castings meeting Subarticle 1074- 7(B) or use composite plastic -steel construction as shown in 38 the plans. 39 The use of steps differing in dimension, configuration or m aterials from those shown in the 40 plans is allowed by furnishing the Engineer with details of the proposed steps and obtaining 41 written approval for the use of such steps. 42 -9 FABRICATED STEEL GRATES 43 Use fabricated steel grates made from bars that meet ASTM A36. Galvanize the grates after 44 fabrication in accordance with AASHTO M 111. Mark items with fabricators ID, month and 45 year of production. 46