DESCRIPTION
601.01.01 General. These specifications include general requirements that are applicable to all types of culvert
pipes except structural plate pipe, irrespective of the material or culvert use. This work consists of furnishing and installing pipe culverts, end sections, and headwalls. The lengths shown on the plans are approximate. Do not order and deliver the culvert pipe until a list of sizes and lengths is furnished by the Engineer. MATERIALS
601.02.01 General. Material shall conform to the following Section or Subsections:
Portland Cement Concrete ................................ ..................................................................................................................... Section 501 Portland Cement ................................ .................................................................................................................................... Section 701 Grout and Mortar Aggregate .................................................................................................................................... Subsection 706.03.04 Gaskets ................................ ................................................................................................................................... Subsection 707.03.02 Reinforced Concrete Pipe ................................ ....................................................................................................... Subsection 708.03.01 Clay Pipe ................................................................................................................................................................ Subsection 708.03.03 Plastic Pipe ............................................................................................................................................................. Subsection 708.03.04 Corrugated Steel Pipe ............................................................................................................................................. Subsection 709.03.01 Corrugated Aluminum Pipe ..................................................................................................................................... Subsection 709.03.02 Design pipes in conformance with the AASHTO Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Bridge Design Specifications. CONSTRUCTION
601.03.01 Earthwork. Excavation and backfill shall conform to Sections 206 and 207.
Bed pipe as shown in the plans. Use Class C bedding requirements unless specified otherwise. The lines and grades will be established. The height of new embankments may be varied as directed before installing pipes in new embankments on a steep slope or in a difficult location.
601.03.02 Headwalls. Where shown on the plans, construct headwalls in connection with culvert pipes. Make
the ends of the pipe flush with the headwall face. Construct headwalls according to Sections 501, 502, and 505.
601.03.03 End Sections. Excavate the bed for the end section to the required width and grade. For metal end
sections with toe plates, excavate a trench for the toe plate in a manner to permit the toe plate to be against the inner face of the trench in its final position. After end sections have been pr operly secured to the pipe, backfill the trench and firmly compact. Place the precast concrete end section with its tongue (or groove) fully entered in the groove (or tongue) of the pipe. End sections installed on plastic pipes shall be designed to speci fically fit the pipe. The end section shall engage a minimum of 2 pipe corrugations for exterior installations.
601.03.04 Jacked Pipes. Jack culvert pipe in place between the limits shown on the plans and conforming to
the requirements of the respective S ection for the pipe used. The strength of pipe or wall thickness of pipe will be determined for vertical load only. Determine any additional reinforcement or strength required to withstand jacking pressure and furnish without additional compensation. Submit a boring and jacking plan for approval describing the proposed equipment, materials, jacking loads, method of cushioning joints, and labor to be used to accomplish the work. 601 PIPE CULVERTS — GENERAL A factor of safety on axial load capacity shall be 2.22 (based on the ultimate strength of the concrete) for pipes installed by jacking methods. This assumes the load is uniformly distributed over the bearing surface. The effect of the eccentric and/or concentrated loadings on the pipe faces shall be evaluated for effective surface contact area and reduction in the factor of safety. Do not exceed the pipe manufacturer's design jacking loads during the installation process. Pipe showing signs of failure may be required to be jacked through to the reception pit and removed. O ther methods of repairing the damaged conduit may be used, as recommended by the manufacturer and subject to approval. The main jacking equipment shall have a jacking capacity greater than the anticipated jacking load. Provide intermediate jacking stations when the total anticipated jacking force needed to complete the installation may exceed the capacity of the main jacks or the designed maximum jacking force for the pipe. The jacking system shall develop a uniform distribution of jacking forces on the end of the pipe by the use of thruster rings and cushioning material. A pipe lubrication system may be utilized when anticipated jacking forces on the pipe are expected to exceed the capacity of the main jacks or exceed the pipe design strength with the appropriate safety factor. Construct jacking and receiving pits of a size meeting OSHA requirements and industry standards. With approval, the pits may be relocated to better suit the capabilities of the micro tunneling method proposed. Before beginning, adequately protect existing structures, utilities, trees, shrubs and other permanent objects. Do not exceed a variation from theoretical alignment and grade of more than 60 mm (0.2 ft) for each 6 m (20 ft) of pipe placed. The diameter of the excava ted hole shall not be more than 30 mm (0.1 ft) greater than the outside diameter of the pipe. Do not sluice and jet with water. When the material tends to cave in from outside these limits, use a shield ahead of the first section of pipe or do not extend t he face of excavation beyond the end of the pipe more than 0.5 m (1.5 ft). Fill voids resulting from caving or excavating outside the above limits with sand or grout. Backfill and compact jacking pits to original condition after pipe installation.
601.03.05 Laying Culvert Pipe. Lay culvert pipe according to the requirements of the respective Section for
the type of pipe used. Do not place backfill until the pipe installation has been inspected. If directed, dewater and remove debris and sediment from the pipe to allow for inspection . The pipe will be inspected for unintended deflection, vertical and horizontal misalignment, leaking joints , cracking, spalling , slabbing, buckling, bulging, racking, and coating issues. Replace or re- lay unacceptable pipe.
601.03.06 Extending Existing Culverts. Extend existing culverts by the provisions for installing new culverts
and the following additional provisions. Furnish concrete, mesh and steel reinforcing, and epoxy as necessary to construct concrete collars f or pipe extensions. Leave the existing headwalls in place or demolish, remove, and dispose of as indicated on the plans. See Section 202. Remove headwalls in such a manner as to prevent damage to the existing culvert. Repair or replace damaged culvert as directed. PIPE CULVERTS — GENERAL 601 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT
601.04.01 Measurement. The materials to be paid for under these specifications will be listed in the contract
items by size, class, type, plate thickness, or whatever information is necessary for identification. Culvert pipe will be measured by the linear meter (linear foot) of pipe. Pipes cut to fit a structure or slope, will be measured by the linear meter (linear foot) of pipe necessary to be placed before cutting. Furnish pipe in appropriate lengths so as to minimize the length to be cut after placement. Excessive pipe lengths cut after placement, as determined by the Engineer, will not be measured for payment. Culvert pipe bends, wyes, tees, and other branches will be measured by the linear meter (linear foot) for t he sizes of pipes involved. Wyes, tees, eccentric reducers, and other branches will be measured as pipe along centerline to the point of intersection. Structure excavation, backfill, Portland cement concrete, and reinforcement required for headwalls, endw alls, structures, and other items of work required to complete the work, will be measured as separate items as provided for under their respective Sections of these specifications. Structure excavation and backfill will not be measured on end sections. End sections will be measured by the each. No separate measurement or payment will be made for constructing jacking pits and backfilling all pits after the pipe is jacked, nor for excavation and backfill between the limits shown on the plans for jacking t he pipe. Full compensation therefore will be considered as included in the price paid for jacked pipe. BASIS OF PAYMENT
601.05.01 Payment. The accepted quantities of culvert pipe, measured as provided above, will be listed under
the respective Sections f or the type of pipe used. Full compensation for furnishing pipe with end finish, including distortion if required, will be considered as included in the price paid per linear meter (linear foot) for the pipe involved. Full compensation for Class B and Cl ass C bedding will be considered included in the price paid per cubic meter (cubic yard) for granular backfill. Class A bedding will be paid for at the contract unit bid price per cubic meter (cubic yard) for Class A or AA concrete. Provide for handling of whatever water is encountered at the site with no additional compensation allowed therefore. SECTION 603 RE INFORCED CONCRETE PIPE DE SCRIPTION 603.
01.01 General. This work consists of furnishing and installing circular or oval shaped reinforced concrete
pipe, siphons, and end sections. M ATERIALS 603.
02.01 General. Material shall conform to Subsection 601.02.01 and the requirements specified herein.
C ircular reinforced concrete pipe shall conform to AASHTO M170 for the specified diameters and strength classes. O val reinforced concrete pipe shall conform to AASHTO M207 for the specified rise and span for either vertical or horizontal elliptical pipe classes. F lared end sections (precast) shall conform to the details and dimensions shown on the plans and except for shape, shall conform to the requirements of this Section for reinforced concrete pipe. T ongue and groove j oints and gasketed joints shall conform to Subsection 707.03.02. C ompose mortar of 1 part Portland cement and 2 parts mortar aggregate by volume. Add only enough water to permit placing and packing of the mortar. A dmixtures of hydrated lime, fire clay, diatomaceous earth, or other approved inert material may be used in the mortar to facilitate workability. Only add an approved amount of admixture. CO NSTRUCTION 603.
03.01 General. Use construction methods conforming to Subsections 601.03.01 through 601.03.06 and
the requirements in this Section . C arefully handle concrete pipe in unloading, transporting, and laying. D o not lay pipe which is cracked, checked, spalled, or damaged. Pipes which show defects due to handling will be rejected at the site of the installation regardless of prior acceptance. 603.
03.02 Earthwork. When pipe having bells is used, excavate cross trenches for the bells to prevent
nonuniform loading of the joints. Make the cross trenches not more than 50 mm (2 in.) wider than the width of the bell. 603.
03.03 Laying Culvert Pipe. Suitably mark pipe with elliptical reinforcing to clearly indicate the top and
bottom of the pipe. F irmly place the first section of pipe at the outlet to the designated line and grade with the groove end or bell end pointing upgrade. Completely fill all handling holes in the pipes with grout. P ipe shall be installed with tongue and groove joints or gasket ed joints . Pipe specified to have watertight j oints shall be installed with gasketed joints . I nstall pipes, sealants , and gaskets as specified by the manufacturer. Submit a copy of the manufacturer’s installation instructions prior to installation. Lubricate gaske ts requiring lubricant with the lubricant recommended by the manufacturer. C ompletely fill the outer and inner annular space between the laid pipe sections with mortar. Mortar will not be required if the space is 6 mm ( 1/4 in.) or less in width or the pipe diameter is less than 600 mm (24 in.) . Where reinforced concrete collars or bells are used at the pipe joints, mortar will not be required in the outer annular space. Brush mortar smooth and remove all surplus mortar from inside the pipe.