SCOPE
716.01.01 Materials Covered. This specification covers the kind and quality of materials used in the
construction and fabrication of signs. REQUIREMENTS
716.02.01 Certificates. Ascertain that all required tests have been made by approved testing laboratories as
approved. Furnish a written certification that all required tests have been satisfactorily completed and that materials and fabrication thereof c omply with all the requirements. Receive approval of materials before use. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS
716.03.01 Reflective Sheeting. Reflective or retroreflective sheeting is classified as specified herein.
Use sheeting listed in the QPL.
a.Type IV. The material shall conform to Type IV sheeting as specified in ASTM D4956.
b.Type V. The material shall conform to Type V sheeting as specified in ASTM D4956.
c.Type VI. The material shall conform to Type VI sheeting as specified in ASTM D4956.
d.Type IX. The material shall conform to Type IX sheet ing as specified in ASTM D4956.
e.Type XI. The material shall conform to Type XI sheeting as specified in ASTM D4956.
716.03.02 Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Sign Panels. Fiberglass Reinforced P lastic (FRP) for sign panels
shall be a fiberglass reinforced thermoset polyester laminate. The panel shall be acrylic modified and U.V. stabilized for outdoor weatherability. Fabricate sign blanks of a single piece of FRP unless otherwise specified. Cut FRP to proper sign blank size and provide bolt holes. Make edges, including holes, true and smooth. The panel shall be stabilized to prevent the release of migrating constituents (i.e. solvent, monomers, etc.) over time and shall contain no residue agents on the surface so that neither migrating constituents nor release agents will be present in amounts that will interfere with any subsequent bonding operations. Wipe the panel with a clean damp cloth and allow to dry completely before sheeting. The panel shall not contain visible cracks, pinholes, foreign inclusions, or surface wrinkles that would affect implied performance, alter the specific dimensions of the panel, or otherwise affect its serviceability. The panel shall conform to the following m echanical properties : Mechanical Property Test Method Averaged Minimum Requirements Tensile Strength ................................ ..... ASTM D638 ................................. 69 MPa (10,000 psi) Tensile Modulus ................................ ..... ASTM D638 ............................ 8,300 MPa (1,200,000 psi) Flexural Strength ................................ ..... ASTM D790 ................................ 138 MPa (20,000 psi) Flexural Modulus ................................ ..... ASTM D790 ............................ 8,300 MPa (1,200,000 psi) Compression Strength ................................ ASTM D695 ................................ 220 MPa (32,000 psi) Compression Modulus ................................ ASTM D695 ............................ 9,650 MPa (1,400,000 psi) Punch Shear ........................................ ASTM D732 ................................ . 90 MPa (13,000 psi) The mechanical properties in the table above are measured in both the line direction of the panel and at 90° to the line as noted in the appropriate ASTM test referenced. 716 SIGN MATERIALS The panel shall conform to the following physical properties :
1.Thickness. Panels shall be 3.375 mm ± 0.125 mm (0.135 in. ± 0.005 in.) thick.
2.Size. Panel tolerance on nominal length and width shall be ± 3 mm (± 1/8 in.) for dimensions of 3.6 m (12 ft) or less when measured according to ASTM D3841.
3.Squareness. Panels shall be within 3 mm (1/8 in.) of square per 3.6 m (12 ft) of length when measured according to ASTM D3841.
4.Smoothness. Panels shall be manufactured with smooth surfaces on both faces of the panel.
5.Color. Panels shall be pigmented to a visually uniform gray color within the Munsel range of N.7.5/ t o N.8.5/.
6.Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion. Panels shall have a maximum coefficient of linear thermal expansion of 3.24 x 10-5 m/m/ °C. (1.8 x 10-5 in./in./ °F) when tested according to ASTM D696.
7.Weather Resistance. Panels shall be classified as to a minimum Grade II (weather resistant) panel as specified in ASTM D3841 following a 3,000 ± 100 hour weatherometer test.
8.Fire Resistance. The panels shall contain additives designed to be less responsive to fire ignition and flame propagation. The extent of burning shall not exceed 25 mm (1 in.) when tested according to ASTM D635.
9.Flatness. Panels shall have a maximum deflection of 12.5 mm (1/2 in.) when tested according to the following: The tes t requires five 750 mm by 750 mm (30 in. by 30 in.) FRP panels. Initial warpage is measured in 4 directions: 0 °, 45°, 90° and 135 °. To measure warpage, the panel is freely suspended at one corner, and a straight edge is placed along the panel so that the e dges of the panel touch the straight edge. Care must be exercised so as not to disturb the dimensional characteristics of the panel. A rule graduated in mm (fractional inches) is used to measure the distance from the center of the panel face to the straight edge. That distance is measured to the nearest 1 mm (1/32 in.) in all four directions. The panels are then freely suspended diagonally in any oven for 48 hours at 82 °C (180 °F). After 48 hours in the oven, the panels are removed and allowed to cool to room temperature freely suspended. Warpage measurements and corresponding direction are again recorded as described above.
10.Impact Resistance. The panel shall resist the impact of a 0.535 kg (1.18 lb) falling ball dropped from 18 m (60 ft) according t o ASTM D3841.
11.Thermal Stability. Panel strength and impact resistance shall not be appreciably affected over a temperature range of – 54 °C to 100 °C (– 65 °F to 212 ° F).
716.03.03 Aluminum Sign Panels. Sheet aluminum for sign panels shall be of 2.0 mm (0.08 in.) aluminum
alloy alclad 5052- H38 or 6061- T6 conforming to ASTM B209. Fabricate sign panel sections of standard width aluminum sheets not less than 1.2 m (4 ft) wide, except that not more than 2 sheets for any one sign may be cut to less than 4 50 mm (18 in.) in width, so as to provide sign widths to nearest 150 mm (6 in.) increments. Panel sections shall run from the top edge to the bottom edge of the sign without horizontal joints. Provide aluminum free of all corrosion, white rust, and dirt. All sign dimensions, metal gage, and bolt holes shall conform to the requirements set forth on the plans and in these specifications. Perform metal degreasing on all sheet aluminum by one of the following methods:
a.Vapor Degreasing. Completely immerse signs in a saturated vapor of trichlorethylene or perchlorethylene. Remove trademark printing with lacquer thinner or a controlled alkaline cleaning system, and rinse thoroughly with running water.
b.Alkaline Degreasing. Completely immerse signs in a tank containing alkaline solutions controlled and titrated to the solution manufacturer’s specification. Immersion time shall depend upon the amount of soil to be removed. Then thoroughly rinse signs with running water. SIGN MATERIALS 716 Whenever reflective sheeting is requir ed on the sign, etch the aluminum by one of the following methods:
a.Acid Etch. Well- etch the aluminum in a 6 to 8% phosphoric acid solution at 38 ° C (100 ° F) and rinse thoroughly with running cold water, followed with a hot water tank rinse.
b.Alkaline Etch. Etch well the precleaned aluminum in an alkaline etching material that is controlled by titration. Time, temperature, and concentration shall be as specified by the solution manufacturer. Remove smut with an acidic, chromium compound type solution as specified by the solution manufacturer and thoroughly rinse the sign. The surface etch shall provide a clean, matte, nonshine or nonglare finish suitable for the application of paint or sheeting and for the unpainted back or reverse side. After the degreasing and etching process, dry the aluminum by use of a forced air drier. Do not handle metal, except by device or clean canvas gloves between cleaning operations and the application of the sign background material. Do not allow the aluminum to come in contact with greases, oils, or other contaminants before the application of the background material. Accomplish fabrication of all metal parts in a uniform and workman- like manner. Complete all fabrication, including cutting, before the cleaning proces s. Cut metal panels to size and shape and keep free of buckles, warps, dents, cockles, burrs, and other defects resulting from fabrication. The surface of all sign panels shall be a plane surface.
716.03.04 Overhead Sign Structures and Sign Frames. The materials used in the fabrication of overhead
sign structures and footings shall conform to the following requirements:
a.Sign Frames. Bars, plates, and shapes shall be structural steel conforming to ASTM A36.
b.Sign Pipe Posts. Pipe posts shall be welded or seamless steel pipe conforming to ASTM A53, Grade B. Posts may be fabricated from structural steel conforming to ASTM A36 or of ASTM A283, Grade D.
c.Sign Steel Walkway Gratings. Furnish and install steel walkway gratings according to details shown on the plans and the following provisions:
1.Gratings shall be the standard product of an established grating manufacturer.
2.Material for gratings shall be structural steel conforming to ASTM A36.
3.For welded type gratings , resistance weld each joint welded under pressure to provide a sound, completely beaded joint.
4.For mechanically locked gratings, the method of fabrication and interlocking of the members shall be approved. The fabricated grating shall be equal in stre ngth to the welded type.
5.After fabrication, hot -dip galvanize gratings.
6.Accurately fabricate gratings and keep free from warps, twists, or other defects affecting their appearance or serviceability. Make ends square on all rectangular panels. The t ops of the bearing bars and cross members shall be in the same plane. Straighten gratings distorted by the galvanizing process.
d.Bolts, Nuts, and Washers. High-strength steel bolts, nuts , and washers shall conform to Subsection
710.03.03 All other bol ts and nuts, including anchor bolts and nuts for sign foundations, shall conform
to ASTM A307, and furnish with commercial quality washers. Bolted connections shall conform to Subsection 506.03.07.
e.Make bearing plates and gusset or stiffener plates of the sizes and dimensions shown on the plans and galvanize after fabrication. Steel shall conform to ASTM A36. Galvanizing shall conform to ASTM A123. All welding shall conform to the requirements set forth in Subsection 506.03.16. 716 SIGN MATERIALS
f.Anchor bolts, nuts, and washers shall be of structural carbon steel conforming to Section 710, and galvanized according to ASTM A153, or cadmium plated according to ASTM B766 Type TS. Galvanize or cadmium plate the top portion of anchor bolts to such extent that the gal vanized or cadmium plated portion will extend at least 50 mm (2 in.) into concrete. Provide anchor bolts of the size, shape, and length as shown on the plans.
g.Galvanize or cadmium plate all bolts, nuts, clamps, and metal washers unless otherwise noted. Cadmium plating shall conform to ASTM B766, minimum thickness as prescribed for grade Type TS, and galvanizing shall conform to ASTM A153.
h.Manufacture supporting frames according to the plans and according to the requirements herein specified. Galvanize metal parts after fabrication, according to Section 715. When permission is granted to zinc coat a surface by means other than hot -dip galvanizing, use the metalizing process to place the zinc. Perform metalizing according to AWS Specifications. The thickness of the sprayed zinc coat shall be at least 125 μm (5 mils).
i.Fabricate truss frames to the largest practical sections before galvanizing. Submit splice locations for approval and do not commence fabrication until such splice locations are approved.
j.Perform fabrication and welding according to the requirements of this Subsection and Section 506 with the following exception; use AWS D1.1/D1.1M in lieu of A ASHTO/A WS D1.5 M/D1.5 . Give 15 day notification before the start of fabrication so inspection can be provided if necessary. Material not inspected at the fabrication shop will be subject to inspection in the field. Before fabrication is started, submit 5 sets of shop drawings for each overhead sign structure for approval.
716.03.05 Si gn Hardware and Related Materials. Make bearing, gusset, or stiffener plates of the sizes and
dimensions shown on the plans and galvanize after fabrication. Steel shall conform to ASTM A36. Galvanizing shall conform to ASTM A123. Welding shall conform to S ubsection 506.03.16. Make bolts, nuts, clamps, and metal washers of structural, carbon steel conforming to Section 710 and galvanize according to ASTM A153, or cadmium plate according to ASTM B766, Type TS. Galvanize or cadmium plate the top portion of anchor bolts to such extent that the galvanized or cadmium plated portion will extend at least 50 mm (2 in.) into concrete. Provide anchor bolts of the size, shape, and length as shown on the plans. Aluminum alloy tubular stiffeners shall be schedule 40 pip e fabricated of 6061- T6 aluminum alloy and shall conform to the specifications of ASTM B241. Steel pipe for posts shall be welded or seamless steel pipe conforming to ASTM A53, Grade B, Standard Weight Class and shall be galvanized. Steel pipe posts shall be of the diameter and length shown on the plans. Fit the top of the posts with a cover. Straps, bars, and braces used on single support signs shall be of aluminum alloy 6061- T6 and shall conform to ASTM B209. Stringers for horizontal supporting structural members shall be of aluminum alloy 6061- T6 or 6062- T6 and shall conform to ASTM B308. Cadmium plate bolts, nuts, clamps, and metal washers in contact with aluminum. Galvanize or cadmium plate all other bolts, nuts, clamps and metal washers. Cadmium plating shall conform to ASTM B766, with a minimum coating thickness as prescribed for grade Type TS and galvanizing shall conform to ASTM A153. Construct wood posts and braces for sign supports of Douglas Fir, Western Hemlock, or any other equivalent stress rated wood material. Wood material shall be free- of-heart -center, have a minimum stress rating of 8.3 MPa (1,200 psi) for extreme fiber in bending, and shall be graded in accordance with Section 718. Sweep shall not exceed 25 mm (1 in.) in 3 m (10 ft). Pressure treat wood posts and braces according to Section 718. Manufacture the expansion assembly for fastening the aluminum tubing to the aluminum Z -bars of a zinc die casting alloy which contains copper, aluminum, and magnesium. Cadmium plate the anchor bolt for the expansion assembly in conformance to ASTM B766, with a minimum coating thickness as prescribed for grade Type TS. SIGN MATERIALS 716 Square sign posts and anchors shall conform to the following requirements:
a.Material. Steel posts shall conform to AS TM A653 or A1011 . Steel posts shall have a minimum yield of 275 MPa (40,000 psi) after fabrication for the steel thicknesses indicated in the plans. Steel posts with a minimum yield of 415 MPa (60,000 psi) after fabrication may be substituted for the sizes and thicknesses shown in the plans according to the following table: 275 MPa (40,000 psi) 415 MPa (60,000 psi ) Post Size Steel Thickness Steel Thickness 64 mm (2 1/2 in.) ........................................ 10 gauge ............................................. 11 gauge
b.Shape. The cross section of the post shall be a square tube formed of steel carefully rolled to size and welded. The s ign post anchor used with the 64 mm ( 2 1/2 in.) post shall be a square tube formed of 4.8 mm (3/16 in.) steel carefully rolled to size and welded.
c.Fabrication. Furnish straight memb ers with a smooth uniform finish. Provide holes and cut off ends which are free from burrs.
d.Finish. Posts made from material conforming to ASTM A653 shall be formed from steel which has been zinc coated according to ASTM A653, Coating Designation Z275 (G90). Posts made from material conforming to ASTM A 1011 shall be coated according to the applicable provisions of AASHTO M181 for Grade 2 posts, except the exterior zinc coating may be one- half of the required weight.
e.Size. Sizes shall conform to those shown on the plans. SECTION 718 TIMBER MATERIAL SCOPE
718.01.01 Materials Covered. This specification covers the quality requirements for structural timber, round
timber piles, lumber, guardrail posts and blocks, markers, miscellaneous items, and timber preservatives. This specification also covers the quality of bolts, nuts, washers, drift pins, dowels, nails, spikes, and other metal fastenings used in timber structures. REQUIREMENTS
718.02.01 Certificates of Inspection. Furnish inspection certificates with each shipment of timber. These
certificates shall be issued by the inspection agency under whose rules the material was manufactured and graded. Timber piles to be treated shall be inspected before t reatment by an inspector designated by the Engineer. The inspector shall stamp each pile on the butt end with a stamp which shall make an impression that is readily legible after treatment. The stamp shall be copyrighted and a true impression filed with th e Department. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTS
718.03.01 Species. The standard commercial and botanical names recognized by these specifications are
described as follows: Standard Commercial Name Botanical Name Douglas Fir (coastal) .............................................. Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii Douglas Fir (interior) ................................................ Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Western Hemlock .............................................................. Tsuga heterophylla Western Larch ................................................................... Larix occidentalis Lodgepole ................................ ........................................ Pinus contorta Redwood ................................ ................................... Sequoia sempervirens Southern Pine ....................................................................... Pinus taeda Ponderosa Pine ................................ .................................. Pinus ponderosa Jack Pine ................................ ....................................... Pinus banksiana
718.03.02 Grades. Structural timber and lumber shall meet the requirements for the numerical stress shown on
the plans, or as may be otherwise specified, when graded by rules developed according to AA SHTO M168. Any commercial grading rules that will provide material of an equal or greater stress value may be used. The West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau and the Western Wood Products Association grading rules shall be included as grading rules which ma y be used. Grading rules in effect on the date of advertisement of bids shall govern. Guardrail posts and blocks shall meet the following requirements:
1.Douglas Fir or Western Larch shall conform to the requirements for “No. 1 Structural” grade as set forth in the grading rules of the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau or the grading rules of the Western Wood Products Association.
2.Western Hemlock shall conform to the requirements for “Select Structural” grade as set forth in the grading rules of the West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau or the grading rules of Western Wood Products Association.
3.Southern Pine shall conform to the requirements for “No. 1 SR” grade as set forth in the grading rules of the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau. Timber piles shall conform to ASTM D25.
Source: Nevada Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2014 Edition. Pages 559–564 of 610.