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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 202 4 Volume 2 SECTION 308 - SOIL CEMENT COURSE
308-1 DESCRIPTION. This work shall consist of furnishing and placing a course of Portland cement
stabilized soil in accordance with these specifications and in reasonably close conformance to the lines, grades, and typical sections shown on the plans or as ordered by the E ngineer.
308-2 MATERIALS. Materials used for this item shall conform to the following Sections of these
Specifications: Portland Cement, Type 2 701-01 Asphalt Emulsion (RS -2) 702-3101 Coarse Aggregate - 1A size 703-02 Water 712-01 Calcium Chloride 712-02 Soil shall be graded from coarse to fine, free of topsoil, organic matter, and substances deleterious to the normal hardening of the soil cement mixture, and shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer at all times. The soil will be sampled by the Eng ineer prior to use and submitted to the Geotechnical Engineering Bureau to determine both its suitability and the cement content to be used. Frozen soil or soil containing frost shall not be used. The soil material shall be stockpiled, sampled and tested before mixing in conformance with material tests and quality control methods contained in the appropriate Department publications which are current on the date of advertisement for bids. These publi cations are available upon request to the Regional Director or the Director, Geotechnical Engineering Bureau.
308-3 Construction Details .
308-3.01 Equipment. No work under this item will be permitted until all equipment and facilities
involved are established, inspected and approved by the Engineer. The materials shall be mixed in a central twin -shaft pugmill mixing plant or mixed on the roadbed by a traveling pugmill, whichever equipment the Contractor elects to use. Traveling pugmill mixing equipment shall not be operated at speeds greater than thos e recommended by the manufacturer for the depth of treatment and quantity of materials to be mixed. Where the materials are mixed in a central twin -shaft pugmill mixing plant, the mixing area of the pugmill shall extend at least 4 feet beyond the last point where the soil, cement, or water are fed into the mixer, so that all materials will be completely and thoroughly mixed in the pugmill for a distance of at least 4 feet . The paddles of the pugmill shall be adjustable for angular position on the shaft, and shall be reversible to retard the flow of mixture in order to control the mixing time. Where the ma terials are mixed at a central twin -shaft mixing plant, a hydraulically or mechanically operated discharge hopper of at least 1 cubic yard capacity shall be provided. Sufficient clearance for a ten -wheel dump truck shall be provided underneath the hopper. The central mixer shall be either a continuous or batch type pugmill, and shall be designed to accurately proportion the mix either by volume or by weight. The pugmill mixer shall be provided with weighing, volumetric or other gauging equipment, which shal l be capable of providing accurate control at all times of the amounts of soil and cement entering the mixer per time interval. The mixer shall be equipped with a method of mechanically interlocking the cement feed with the soil feed so that uniformity of the mixture will be assured at all times. A water pump and meter arrangement shall be available for addition of water to the soil and cement. The water supply line shall have a 90° T connection with a valve immediately downstream of the flow meter for cali bration purposes. The meter shall be calibrated at least once a year under the direction of Department personnel.
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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 202 4 Volume 2 A smooth steel wheel roller and a self -propelled pneumatic tired or self -propelled vibratory compactor shall be used for compaction. The minimum number of passes shall be determined by the Engineer, after field tests, and shall be such as to produce the sp ecified minimum density for the full depth of the course. Cleated or tracked equipment will not be permitted on the soil cement course. In areas inaccessible to pneumatic tired compactors, or where maneuvering space is limited, impact rammers and/or vibrat ory equipment may be used provided the required density is obtained. Equipment suitable for storing, handling, weighing, measuring, proportioning, controlling and applying or spreading the cement shall be used. Equipment suitable for accurately metering, controlling and applying the water shall be used. If a pugmill mixer is used, all necessary water for mixing shall be added in the pugmill. If a rotary mixer is permitted and used, water for mixing shall be added through a spray bar in the mixing chamber.
308-3.02 Weather Limitations. Soil Cement Course shall not be placed between October 15 and May
15 nor when the a ir temperature in the shade is 40°F or lower. Soil cement course shall not be placed upon a frozen surface.
308-3.03 Preparation of Foundation. Before soil cement operations are begun, the area upon which the
soil cement course is to be placed shall be graded, shaped, and compacted as required in conformance with the grades, lines, thicknesses and typical sections shown on the plans or as ordere d by the Engineer. The subgrade and any preceding course shall be compact and suitable to support the construction and compaction equipment without settlement or displacement. Soft or yielding subgrade shall be corrected and made stable before the soil cement course is place d.
308-3.04 Application of Calcium Chloride and Cement. Where required by a Special Note in the
Proposal , the specified quantity of calcium chloride ordered by the Engineer in flake form shall be uniformly added to the soil before adding the cement. Portland cement, in the amount ordered by the Engineer, shall be added uniformly to the soil material. The amount of cement ordered by the Engineer will range generally between 8 percent and 10 percent by weight. The percentage of moisture in the soil, at the time of cement application, shall not exceed the quantity that will permit a uniform mixture of soil and cement during mixing operations and shall not exceed the optimum moisture content for the soil cement mi xture, as determined by the Engineer. Where a traveling pugmill mixer is used, cement that has been displaced or removed from the windrow regardless of cause, shall be replaced before mixing is started, at the Contractor's expense.
308-3.05 Mixing and Spreading. Immediately prior to mixing, the soil shall have a minimum
temperature of 40°F . After the cement has been applied to the soil, it shall be immediately mixed with the soil. Mixing shall continue until the cement has been thoroughly blended with the soil to prevent the formation of cement balls when the water is applied. Immediately a fter the soil and cement have been thoroughly mixed, the full amount of water shall be applied uniformly and mixing shall be continued until an intimate an d homogeneous blend of soil, cement and water has been obtained. When water application and mixing have been completed, the percentage of moisture in the mixture based on oven -dry weights, shall not be below, nor more than 2 percent above, the specified optimum moisture content determined by the Engineer. In order to minimize segregation of the mix, the discharge gates shall be kept closed until the hopper is filled to at least one -half of its capacity. After the hopper is emptied, the gates shall be closed until the hopper is refilled. The material shall then be disc harged into clean trucks and transported directly to the grade. The soil cement shall be spread on an accepted subgrade or preceding course immediately after mixing. If mixed in a central plant, approved mechanical spreading equipment shall be used and not more
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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 202 4 Volume 2 than 30 minutes shall elapse between the time of mixing the cement and the start of the compaction operation. In case of rain between the time of adding cement and final finishing, the Engineer shall be the sole judge of what areas involved are satisfactory and what areas are not acceptable. Areas not acceptable to the Engineer shall be removed to the full depth o f the soil cement course and properly replaced at the Contractor's expense for all labor, materials and equipment involved.
308-3.06 Compaction. Prior to the beginning of compaction, the mixture shall be in a loose condition
for its full depth on the subbase course. As an immediate continuation of mixing operations, and after an initial breakdown pass with a smooth steel wheel roller, the loose mixture then shall be uniform ly compacted, by a self -propelled pneumatic tired or self propelled vibratory compactor, to the specified density. All areas and portions of this course shall be thoroughly and uniformly compacted for the full thickness of the course to a minimum dry densi ty of 95 percent of the maximum density. During compaction, water shall be applied to the surface as determined and ordered by the Engineer, to maintain the optimum moisture content.
308-3.07 Finishing. During the compaction operations, shaping will be required to obtain the required
surface and cross -section. During shaping operations it may be necessary to lightly scarify and broom - drag the surface in order to remove ridges or depressions in excess of the permitted tolerance. The resulting surface shall then be rolled with a smooth steel wheel roller, weighing not less than 10 tons , or pneumatic tire rollers, or both. The final rolling shall be done by a smooth steel wheel roller. Several applications of water may be required to keep the surface at the proper moisture content, as ordered by the Engineer, during the finishing operation. Water shall be applied by the pressure spray bar method. Compaction and finishing shall be done in such a manner as to produce, in not longer than 2 1/2 hours after completion of mixing, a smooth, dense surface, free of surface compaction planes, cracks, ridges or loose material. Immediately after rolling, the surface of the course shall be tested for trueness, transversely and longitudinally. The finished surface of the course shall not extend above, nor be greater than 1/2 inch below, true grade and surface at any location. Surface finishing shall be completed in daylight hours. Any portion of this course which has a density less than that specified shall be corrected or removed and replaced to its full depth to meet these specifications, at the Contractor's expense.
308-3.08 Construction Joints. At the end of each day's construction, a straight transverse and/or
longitudinal construction joint shall be formed by cutting back into the completed work to form a true vertical face, which shall be properly maintained until the abutting section is com pleted.
308-3.09 Curing and Surface Treatment. After the soil cement course has been finished as specified
herein, it shall be continually protected against drying by the application of water, until the bituminous seal is applied. At least 48 hours shall elapse between the completion of the finishing operations and the application of the bituminous seal. At the time the bituminous seal is applied, the soil cement surface shall be dense, free of all loose and extraneous material, and shall contain sufficient moisture to prevent penetration of the bituminous material. Water shall be applied in sufficient qua ntity to fill the surface voids of the soil cement immediately before the bituminous seal is applied. The bituminous seal shall be uniformly applied to the surface of the completed soil cement at the rate of approximately 0.15 to 0.30 gal/sy with approved heating and distributing equipment. The exact rate and temperature of application to give complete coverage without excessive run -off will be as determined and ordered by the Engineer. No traffic, nor placement of an overlying course, will be permitted ove r the soil cement course within 5 days from the application of the bituminous seal. Where this course is utilized for maintaining traffic, the application of the bituminous material shall be immediately followed by the application of approved cover aggreg ate of
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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 202 4 Volume 2 1A size at the rate of 20 to 30 lb/sy . The aggregate will be broomed and rolled as ordered by the Engineer. When the air temperature may be expected to reach the freezing point, sufficient protection from freezing shall be given the soil cement for 7 days after its construction and until it has hardened to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
308-3.10 Traffic. No traffic or hauling equipment other than that necessary for sealing, chipping or for
placing the next course will be permitted over this course, unless specifically permitted by a Special Note in the Proposal .
308-3.11 Maintenance. The Contractor shall be required, within the limits of the contract, to maintain
the soil cement in good condition and in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer from the time he first starts work until all work has been completed and accepted. Maintenance by the Contractor shall include immediate repairs of any defects, regardl ess of cause, that may occur. This work shall be done by the Contractor at its own expense, and repeated as often as may be necessary to keep the course continuously intact. Repairs are to be made in a manner to insure restoration of a uniform surface and durability of the part repaired. Faulty and damaged work, regardless of cause, shall be replaced for the full depth of the course by the Contractor at its own expense. Any low areas, regardless of cause, shall be remedied by replacing the material for the full depth of the course and not by adding a thin layer of soil cement to the completed work.
308-4 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. The quantity to be paid for under this item will be the
number of cubic yards of material computed within the payment lines shown on the plans or otherwise ordered in writing by the Engineer, and completed in accordance with the plans and specifications. The thickness of the surface treatment will not be included in the volume meas ured for payment.
308-5 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The unit bid price per cubic yard for this item will include the cost of
furnishing all labor, equipment and materials necessary to complete the work, except that furnishing Portland cement, calcium chloride (where required), bituminous material, water equipment and applying water, will b e paid for separately under their respective items. No direct payment will be made for any maintenance, repairs and replacements made before acceptance, nor for any losses of material which may result from shrinkage, compaction, foundation settlement, waste, overflow, erosion, leakage or any other causes: t he cost of such will be included in the price bid for this item. Payment will be made under: Item No. Item Pay Unit 308.01 Soil Cement Course Cubic Yard SECTIONS 309 THRU 399 (VACANT)
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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 202 4 Volume 2 Section 400 ASPHALT MIXTURE AND PAVEMENT SECTION 401 - PLANT PRODUCTION (Last Revised January , 2023)
401-1 DESCRIPTION. The contractor is responsible for Quality Control (QC). QC is defined as all
activities required to produce asphalt mixture that meets all specification requirements. The contractor shall incorporate a Quality Control system for all plant production of asphalt mixture and assume responsibilities for all QC activities at the production facilities. The contractor shall produce the asphalt mixture according to the specifications herein and provide production documentation. Quality Adjustment Factors (QAFs) will be used to assess asphalt mixture production quality and these factors will be applied to calculate a quality payment adjustment. The Department is responsible for Quality Assurance (QA). QA is defined as all activities performed by the Department to assure that asphalt mixture production meets the specification requirements. The Department will determine quality payment adjustments for each day’s production using a daily QAF obtained from the calculations of the average absolute values for volumetric and non -volumetric mixes in accordance with Materials Procedure (MP) 401, Quality Control and Quality Assurance Procedures for Quality Control Asphalt Mixture Production. The daily QAFs measure production variation from the mean of the specification limits.
401-2 MATERIALS. The provisions of §40 4-4, Materials , apply and are as modified herein. Produce
asphalt mixture in accordance with the requirements outlined in this specification, including all applicable Test Methods and Materials Procedures. Asphalt mixture designs must be accepted by the Department prior to any asphalt production. The Department reserves the right to suspend any mixture design when the mixture produces unacceptable paving results or exhibits properties that will affect the anticipated pavement performance.
401-2.01 Asphalt Mixture Designs. Formulate and submit an asphalt mixture design to the Regional
Materials Engineer (RME) that satisfies all design criteria outlined in MM 5.16, Asphalt Mixture Design and Mixture Verification Procedures . When the submitted asphalt mixture design is assigned verification status, the design must be verified during production. Notify the RME at least 24 hours prior to the start of verification status production. When producing under verification status, make necessary adjustm ents to control the process. Apply daily QAFs to both verification and production status mix designs. Mixtures produced under verification status are allowed for use on State projects. For any asphalt permeable base and shim mixtures required by the contract documents, formulate and submit to the RME a job mix formula that satisfies the General Limits imposed by Table 401 -1, Composition of Asphalt Mixtures .
401-2.02 Aggregates. Aggregate must be from a source approved by the Department. Use fine aggregate
that consists of materials conforming to the requirements of §703 -01, Fine Aggregate . In addition, fine aggregate may consist of screenings, free from deleterious materials and manufactured from sources of stone, gravel, or slag meeting the requirements of §703 -02, Coarse Aggregate .