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General Conditions

00330Earthwork

OR · 2024 Standard SpecificationsBook pages 331347View official source ↗

00330.03 265 Section 00330 - Earthwork

Description

00330.00Scope - This Work consists of excavation, ditching, backfilling, embankment construction,

grading, leveling, borrow, and other earth- moving Work required in the construction of the Project, excepting such Work specifically included and provided for as:

• A Pay Item elsewhere in the Contract Specifications. • Incidental Work in the detailed Specifications for other Contract Pay Items.

The term "earthwork" will be used as a general term to designate the Work included within the scope of this Section.

00330.01Lines, Grades, and Cross Sections - All earthwork shall conform to the lines, grades and

Cross Sections established.

Roadbed Cross Sections shall be subject to variation from the Typical Sections , if directed, to:

• Provide superelevation on curves. • Take care of special conditions at intersections and elsewhere. • Balance earthwork quantities.

00330.02Definitions :

Abandoned Pipes and Miscellaneous Matter - Sewers, pipes, conduits, logs, timbers, concrete a nd other Structures, materials, objects, and matter encountered in the Work , excepting only items identified for removal or preservation. Construction Slide - A Slide outside the designated limits of excavations, or below the foundation within designed limits of embankments or within embankments, which occurs after excavation or embankment construction starts and before Final Acceptance of the Contract.

General Excavation - All excavation covered by this Section, except foundation, toe trench, and Borrow excavation.

Overbreak - Material beyond and outside of the slope limits established by the Engineer, that becomes displaced or loosened during excavation and is excavated.

Selected Materials - Those Materials with pertinent characteristics that are preserved and sorted as directed from specified excavations and handled for specific uses.

Slide - A Slide is a lateral movement of earth.

Slide Materials - Materials displaced as the result of a Slide.

Stone Embankment Material - Rock used in specific embankment applications , including Buttresses, inlays, shear keys, and erosion control applications.

00330.03Basis of Performance:

(a)General - Except as provided in 00330.00, all earthwork shall be performed on either the

excavation basis or the embankment basis. The basis of performance for each earthwork Pay Item will be specified in the Special Provisions and the Contract Schedule of Items. 00330.04 266

(b)Excavation Basis - Earthwork performed under this provision, including exca vation, haul, and

embankment construction, unless otherwise specified, will be paid for by excavation measurement. (See 00330.80 and 00330.81. )

(c)Embankment Basis - Earthwork performed under this provision, including excavation, haul

and embankment co nstruction, unless otherwise specified, will be paid for by embankment measurement. ( See 00330.80 and 00330.82. )

00330.04Sources of Borrow :

(a)Agency -Furnished Borrow - Use Materials obtained from Agency -furnished sources lying

outside of, separated from and independent of planned Roadbed excavations, or other required excavations within the Project limits, only when called for by the Contract or when specifically directed. ( See 00330.41(d) .)

(b)Contractor -Furnished Borrow - Unless otherwise specified or directed, all Borrow shall be

furnished by the Contractor. Sources shall lie wholly outside of and beyond the limits of Agency -Controlled Lands. Acquire at Contractor's own expense. The provisions of 00160.60 and 00160.80 shall apply.

Materials

00330.10Selected Materials - When the Contract contains a Pay Item "Extra for Selected ____

Material", furnish the Material from required excavations. The Specifications for the selected Materials will be in the Special Provisions, if different than specified in these Specifications. If other provisions of this Section call for selecting or sorting M aterial for various parts of the Work , select and sort the Materials to meet the directed requirements.

00330.11Selected Topsoil - Furnish Topsoil selected for use according to 00330.10 and meeting

the requirements of 01040.14.

00330.12Borrow Material - Furnish Borrow Materials for general embankment construction with

Soil that is free of Unsuitable Materials or other characteristics detrimental to the construction of firm, dense and sound embankments. Furnish Borrow Materials for other uses meeting the specified requirements for the use intended.

00330.13Selected General Backfill - Furnish Soil selected as directed from specified excavations,

and containing no particle with any dimension greater than 3 inches, or other Unsuitable Material .

00330.14Selected Granular Backfill - Furnish durable Sand, Gravel or combinations of these,

selected as directed from specified excavations, and containing no particle with any dimension greater than 3 inches or other Unsuitable Material .

00330.15Selected Stone Backfill - Furnish a combination of durable Sand, Gravel and Cobbles,

selected as directed from specified excavations, and containing no particle with any dimension greater than 6 inches, and no Unsuitable Material .

00330.16Stone Embankment Material :

(a)Requirements - Furnish a n unweathered, hard, angular, durable, free-draining material , visibly

well-graded from coarse to fine with the maximum size between 15 inches and 3 inches. Rock fragments larger than 15 inches but not larger than 36 inches may be included if placed as directed in 00330.42(c)(2).

00330.40 267 If the 1" - 0 portion exceeds 10 percent of the total volume by the Engineer's visual examination, the 1" - 0 material will be randomly sampled for testing. The wet sieve test, according to AASHTO T 11, will be performed on the sampled material . The amount of material passing the No. 200 sieve shall not exceed 5.0 percent by weight.

(b)Control Sample - Provide, at a location acceptable to the Engineer, in close proximity to the

Project, at least a 5-cubic yard sample of stone embankment meeting the gradation specified. This sample will be used as a frequent reference for judging the gradation of the material supplied.

(c)Sampling and Testing Assistance - If the Engineer visually determines the material furnished

justifies sampling and testing, dump and check the gradation of two random loads of Stone Embankment Material . Provide a sorting site, mechanical Equipment and labor to assist in checking gradation at no additional cost to the Agency.

00330.17Quality Control - Provide quality control according to Section 00165

Equipment

00330.20Tamping Foot Rollers - If specified, use tamping -foot rollers with a weight of at lea st

15 Tons, with each tamping -foot protruding from the drum at least 4 inches.

00330.21Vibratory Rollers - If specified, use vibratory rollers having a smooth drum, exerting a

dynamic force of at least 30,000 pounds per impact and operating at a frequency of at least 1,000 vibrations per minute. Limit roller speed to no more than 1 1/2 mph.

Labor

00330.30Quality Control Personnel - Provide technicians having CEBT and CDT technical

certifications.

Construction

00330.40General :

(a)Quantities - Quantities and locations of earthwork M aterials indicated on the Plans are

approximate only. Make sure there is enough suitable Material available to complete embankments and other required fillings before disposing of any excavated Materials. Make up any shortage of Materials caused by premature disposal at no additional cost to the Agency.

The Agency makes no guarantee or representation by implication or otherwise, that any Material available on the Project site is suitable for incorporation into any portion of the Project. No Material will be considered unsuitable on the sole basis that sp ecial or additional processing or handling is required to make it suitable for incorporation into the Project.

(b)Preservation of Existing Surfacings - In addition to the cautions in Section 00150 and

damaged or fouled with undesirable material. Repair or replace damaged or fouled surfaces as directed and at no additional cost to the Agency.

(c)Avoidance and Correction of Detrimental Operations - Performal l operations involved in

excavating, hauling and placing of earthwork Materials so no damage or detriment to the completed or partially completed Work results. At all times provide sufficient drainage of completed or partially completed earthwork to prevent damage or loss due to rainfall, surface water or any other cause. In all cases, take proper precautions to ensure that embankment construction and filling do not move, endanger or cause undue strain or stress to any Structure or adjacent ground. Temporary 00330.41 268 and final embankment slopes within any Cross Section shall not be constructed steeper than the Slope staked for that Cross Section .

Recondition or remove unstable Materials resulting from improper operations, inadequate drainage or over -watering, and restore or replace with stable M aterial at no additional cost to the Agency.

00330.41Excavations - Perform excavation of earthwork as shown, as directed and according to

the following:

(a)General:
(1)Selection and Sorting of Excavated Materials - All Materials available from excavations,

including Borrow Materials, are subject to selection and separate handling for their best utilization in various parts of the Work . Select the types of M aterials to be used according to 00330.42, 00330.44, 00330.45, 00330.47, the Special Provisions, and as directed. Select and sort excavated M aterials, as necessary, to meet Contract requirements.

(2)Selected Topsoil - Stockpile and place selected Topsoil according to 01040.43.
(3)Unsuitable Materials - Unsuitable Materials encountered in required excavations shall be

classed as waste material and disposed of according to 00330.41 (a)(5).

(4)Excess Materials - If the quantities of excavated Materials are greater than required to

construct embankments and to do all filling and backfilling, the remaining Materials shall be classed as waste materials and be disposed of according to 00330.41(a)(5).

(5)Waste Materials - Unless otherwise specifically allowed and subject to the requirements

of 00280.05, dispose of Materials, classed as waste materials in 00330.41(a)(3) and

(a)(4), outside and beyond the limits of the Project and Agency -controlled property and

according to 00290.20. Do not dispose of Materials on Wetlands, either public or private, or within 300 feet of rivers or streams.

(6)Excavation of Existing Surfaces - Unless otherwise specified, earthwork includes

excavating, hauling and depositing of Existing Surfacings that are within the limits of the excavation Work .

If an abutting Roadway or Structure , or part of a Roadway or Structure , is to be left in place, make cuts according to 00310.41(a).

(7)Abandoned Pipes and Miscellaneous Matter - Remove and dispose of Abandoned Pipes

and Miscellaneous Matter encountered in the Work as a part of the earthwork, unless otherwise specified. Remove ends of remaining abandoned pipe or portions of other mis cellaneous matter remaining exposed in slopes or at Subgrade after excavation Work to at least 2 feet back of the finished slope or below Subgrade. Place a watertight cap or plug in the inlet ends of remaining abandoned pipes. Leave outlet ends open. Place free- draining cover Material or take other measures as directed to allow for free passage of drainage at remaining outlet ends. Shape and finish the affected area so no evidence of their existence is apparent upon completion of the Work .

(8)Ditches, Channel Changes, Approaches, Connections, Etc. - Perform excavations to

construct ditches, channel changes, approach Roadways, road connections, and other items, as required. 00330.41 269

(9)Excavation Below Grade:
a.Rock - If directed, excavate Rock found in Roadbed excavation to a depth of 12 inches

below Subgrade or as directed. Backfill to Subgrade elevation with selected granular backfill Material as directed.

b.Selected Material - Where the Plans indicate the pla cement of a selected M aterial below

Subgrade in excavation areas, excavate to the depth necessary to place the M aterial to its specified compacted thickness.

c.Unstable Subgrade Material - Where unstable material is encountered below Subgrade

in Roadbed excavations, excavate such material below Subgrade as directed. Dispose of these unstable materials according to 00330.41(a)(5). Backfill with selected general backfill or selected granular backfill Material to provide a firm Roadbed as directed. A geotextile may be required before backfilling.

(10)Protection of Excavation Side Slopes - Use methods in making Roadbed excavations

that will not shatter or loosen excavation slopes, avoid O verbreaks, and leave slopes accurately and smoothly trimmed. As far as practicable, excavate materials without previous loosening and in limited layers or thickness to avoid breaking the material back of the established slope line. Overbreak is Incidental to the Work except in cases where the Engineer determines that such Overbreak was unavoidable.

After the main excavation in Rock or rocky cuts is completed, thoroughly test the slopes with bars or by other approved means and remove all loose, detached, broken, or otherwise unstable material. Remove jutting points and bring the entire cut slope area to a safe, trim, neat and stable condition. Disp ose of the materials removed under this provision in the same manner as other excavated material. Remove all exposed roots, debris and all stones more than 3 inches in size that are loose or could become loose.

(11)Rounding of Cutbanks - As part of the earthwork, blend the tops of cutbanks with the

adjacent ground by rounding as called for by the Plans . Rounding will not be required when Rock requiring blasting to excavate extends to the top of cutba nks, and makes rounding impractica ble.

(12)Outside Earthwork Limits - Outside earthwork limits but within the C lear Zone,

(see 00320.02(c)), remove partially buried natural objects, such as Boulders, which the Engineer determines would be dangerous to an errant vehicle. Place them within embankments as specified or dispose of them as directed.

(b)Foundation Excavation - Excavate Unsuitable Materials in embankment foundations and

elsewhere as designated. This Work will be classed as "Foundation Excavation". Dispose of these materials according to 00330.41(a)(5) and replace with selected general backfill, selected granular backfill or other suitable Materials as directed.

(c)Toe Trench Excavation - Excavate trenches at the toe of slopes that are to be protected with

stone embankment, riprap or other protective Material , as shown or directed, to provide a suitable foundation. Maintain the toe trenches until the geotextile or filter blanket, if any, and stone embankment, riprap or other protective M aterials are placed.

(d)Borrow Excavation - Whenever the Specifications or Contract Plans call for an

Agency -furnished Borro w source for earthwork materials, the Material excavated from such source and used in the Work as earthwork materials will be classed as "Borrow Excavation". Excavate and use these materials according to the Contract provisions, or as directed. 00330.42 270

(e)Blas ting - Avoid the use of explosives as far as practicable. If blasting is necessary and is not

included in the Contact Schedule of Items, perform blasting according to following:

(1)General - Use blasting methods that do nots hatter or loosen backslopes, that produce

smooth and uniform excavation slopes at the specified Slope angles, and that satisfactorily loosen the Rock for excavation. Do not use tunnel blasting methods.

(2)Methods - Follow the requirements of 00335.40(b) through 00335.40(h) and 00335.43.

00330.42Embankment, Fills, and Backfills - Consider the nature, characteristics, and qualities of

the Materials to be selected before performing embankment, fill, and backfill Work . Select and use exca vated Materials in various parts of the Work according to 00330.41(a). Use all M aterials originating from required excavations, as far as practica ble, in the formation of embankments and Subgrade, and for bedding, backfilling and other purposes as shown, as directed, and according to the following:

(a)Embankment Foundation Preparation - In addition to the excavation and replacement of

Unsuitable Materials as provided in 00330.41(b), and before constructing embankments, prepare the areas on which embankm ents are to be constructed as follows:

(1)Unstable Areas - Where the embankment foundation will not support hauling or compaction

Equipment and only if directed, place an initial layer of selected Materials. Place the initial layer by dumping successiv e loads in a uniformly distributed layer of a thickness not greater than necessary to support the Equipment and not greater than 3 feet, unless otherwise authorized. Do not place the initial layer higher than 3 feet below Subgrade. Commence consolidation of the initial layer by routing construction Equipment uniformly over the entire layer. The initial layer shall meet the compaction requirements of 00330.43 except for layer thickness. Subsequent layers shall meet all requirements of 00330.43.

(2)End s of Abandoned Pipe - Place a watertight cap or plug in the inlet ends of remaining

abandoned pipes. Place a screen over the outlet ends of remaining abandoned pipes, and if directed, place free-draining cover M aterial or take other measures as directed to allow for free passage of drainage.

(3)Drainage - Provide drainage and drainage Structures as called for by the Plans or as

directed.

(4)Backfilling Inside Roadbed Limits - Break up concrete or asphalt floors, slabs, or walls,

as specified in 00310.41(d), before backfilling or placing embankment. Backfill basements, trenches and holes within embankment limits with selected stone backfill Material . Backfill Material placed in basements may include pieces of broken concrete and masonry not exceeding 15 inches in any dimension provided they are placed and compacted according to

(c). The broken concrete and masonry shall not have protruding reinforcement

(5)Existing Surfacings - Scarify and break up Existing Surfacings according to 00310.41(d)

before placing embankment Material .

(6)Roughen Ground Surface - Break up, roughen or scarify the ground surface if the Slope

is 1V:5H, or less, to positively bond embankment Materials with the existing ground with benching allowed as a supplement.

(7)Foundation Benching - If existing ground surfaces or existing embankment surfaces are

steeper than 1V:5H, bench the existing ground or embankment.

00330.42 271 Make the bottom bench at least 10 feet wide. Each succeeding bench shall penetrate the slope at least 3 feet horizontally beyond the vertical side of the previous bench, and be wide enough to operate placing and compaction Equipment . Each bench and embankment layer surface shall be brought t o a Slope flatter than 1V:10H. The benching, placing and compaction operation shall be performed simultaneously from the bottom up.

Place and compact the bench excavation M aterial combined with new embankment Material in layers to the thickness and compa ction required in 00330.43.

(8)Compact Existing Ground - After roughening the existing ground surface, compact the top

1 foot of existing ground and embankment in place to the density specified and with compaction Equipment specified, according to 00330 .43.

(b)Excess Moisture - Do not place M aterial in final position in embankments or as backfill until

excess moisture has been removed to within minus 4 percent to plus 2 percent of optimum moisture as required in 00330.43. Remove excess moisture by manipulation, aeration, drainage, rehandling or other means, at no additional cost to the Agency.

(c)Embankment Construction:
(1)General - Except as provided in 00330.42(a)(1), do not construct embankments or fillings

when the embankment Material, the foundation or the embankment on which it would be placed is frozen, not stable or not compacted, unless otherwise directed.

Make Roadbed embankment slopes as smooth, safe, and si ghtly as practica ble with the Materials used to construct the embankments.

Route hauling Equipment over the full width of embankments. Traveling over the same areas repeatedly is not allowed unless approved by the Engineer as unavoidable.

Place embankme nts and all fillings in nearly horizontal layers not more than 8 inches thick, except as provided in 00330.42(c)(2). Compact each layer separately and to the density required in 00330.43. Place slope berms, if required, according to 00280.

(2)Rock in Embankment Construction:
a.General - Retrieve Cobbles and Boulders that fall or roll outside embankment limits and

place them within embankments as specified, or dispose of them as directed.

b.Limited Quantities of Rock - If embankment M aterials contain up to 50 percent Rock ,

sort the M aterials until they can either be placed in 8 inches layers, or meet the requirements of and be placed according to 00330.42(c)(2)(c).

c.Oversiz e Durable Rock Fragments - Placing isolated individual D urable Rock fragments

having dimensions greater than the specified layer thickness will be allowed if:

• Clearance between adjacent fragments provides adequate space for placement and compaction Equipment between Rock fragments to place Materials in horizontal layers as specified and for compaction according to 00330.43. • No part of the fragment comes within 36 inches of Subgrade.

d.Durable Rock - If embankment Materials contain more than 50 percent Durable Rock,

distribute and manipulate the Rock so that the voids between the larger pieces are filled with 00330.42 272 smaller pieces forming a dense and compact mass. Durable Rock is defined in 00110.20. In the absence of two-cycle slake durability test results, the Rock durability will be visually evaluated.

When such embankments cannot be placed in 8- inch horizontal layers, place the embankment in nearly horizontal layers of the thickness directed, but not more than 15 inches.

If the visible quantity of Silt and Clay Materials passing the No. 200 screen is less than 20 percent by volume, as determined by the Engineer, the maximum Rock fragment size and layer thickness may be increased to 36 inches, but the layer thickness shall not exceed the average maximum size of the Rock fragments.

e.Nondurable Rock - In the absence of two-cycle slake durability test results, the Engineer

will visually evaluate if the Rock is po tentially degradable. If embankment M aterials contain more than 50 percent Nondurable Rock, as defined in 00110.20, process the M aterial as follows:

• Pulverize Nondurable Rock to 12" - 0 size and place in nearly horizontal layers not more than 12 inches t hick. • Water to promote slaking and breakdown of the nondurable M aterial according to Section 00340. • The moisture content of the M aterial at the time of compaction shall be within the requirements of 00330.43. • Compact the Material to density/deflection requ irements specified in 00330.43 with a tamping-foot roller that meets the requirements of 00330.20. Each embankment layer shall receive a minimum of three Coverages with the tamping-foot roller. Operate the roller at a uniform speed not exceeding 3 mph. No additional compensation will be made for additional roller Coverages to meet the requirements of 00330.43.

(3)Embankment Slope Protection - Construct outer portions of embankments exposed to

erosion by stream flow or other erosive action with Rock fragments, or other desirable Materials, if directed, and such are available in the excavations. Also, if directed, place similar M aterial as a protective layer on the outside of the regular embankment slopes as embankment widening. Placement shall closely follow construction of the embankment when directed. Protective Materials placed as embankment widening need not be compacted but shall present a reasonably smooth surface, resistant to washout or slippage.

(4)Embankments for Approaches, Connections, Etc . - Construct embankments as required

and as directed to provide a complete Project. Construct according to 00330.42(c) and 00330.42(d).

(5)Embankment Construction Around Minor Structures - Backfill prior excavations in the

vicinity of curbs, walks, driveways, inlets, manholes and other such minor Structures with selected general backfill, or selected granular backfill as directed with no particles larger than 1 inch and that is compatible with the adjacent material, unless otherwise specified. The backfill shall have a moisture content as specified in 00330.43, be placed in layers according to 00330.42(c)(1), and be compacted according t o 00330.43.

(6)Embankment Construction at Pipes - Before installing any pipes with 72 -inch or smaller,

inside nominal diameter that will protrude above the existing ground surface:

• Provide temporary drainage at no additional cost to the Agency, unless provided for in Section 00240. 00330.43 273 • Construct specification embankments at least five pipe diameters each direction from the pipe centerline and to a height equal to the following: • 12 inches minimum above the outside top-of -pipe elev ation. • A higher height if shown or directed. • Then trench, bed, and install the pipe, and backfill around all pipes according to 00445.45.

(7)Embankment Construction at Bridge Ends - At the ends of Bridges and for a distance of

at least 100 feet from the Bridge , place and compact the embankments before beginning Bridge construction, unless otherwise directed. Unless the embankment is constructed according to 00330.42(c)(8), provide and place selected stone backfill Material , meeting the requirements of 00330.15 when such is available from excavations, in all embankments within 100 feet of Bridges, or as directed.

(8)Engineered Fills - In areas designated on the Plans as "Engineered Fills", place selected

stone back fill Material in maximum 8- inch Lifts from the existing ground up to the base of granular structure backfill. Compact to 95 percent maximum density according to 00330.43. If the existing ground line is within the limits of the granular structure backfill , subexcavate the area beneath the footing in order to place the full depth of granular structure backfill shown or specified.

Place the granular structure backfill, meeting the requirements of 00510.13, in maximum 6- inch Lifts and compact to 100 percent maximum density from the top of the selected stone backfill to the footing elevation shown. The thickness and extent of these Materials shall be according to the details shown , or as directed.

The foundation compaction requirements in 00330.43 shall be s ubject to the higher requirements of this provision. Compact according to the percentages required above.

(d)Stone Embankment - If the Contract Plans or Specifications require embankments, or parts

of embankments, to be constructed of stone embankment Material , furnish and place the stone embankment Material according to this provision and as directed. Furnish M aterials from Contractor -provided sources that conform to the requirements of 00330.16, unless otherwise specified.

Construct these embankments according to the other provisions of 00330.42, unless otherwise specified or directed, and as follows:

• Material placed in the upper 1 foot of embankments or within 1 foot of a culvert or other Structure , shall not be more than 3 inches in size. • If placement in water is allowed, construct the first layer of embankment to an elevation 2 feet above water. Continue thereafter as specified or directed. • Some Rock fragments larger than 15 inches, but not larger than 36 inches , may be placed provided they are placed and compacted according to 00330.42(c)(2)(c) .

00330.43Earthwork Compaction Requirements :

(a)General - Compact natural ground, embankment foundations, foundations for Structures, each

layer of embankment, fills, and backfills, the upper 1 foot of Roadbeds in cuts and other earthwork that is to support any part of the Roadbed prism according to thisS ubsection.

Unless otherwise specified, compact in place the entire surface of each layer of all specified Materials with a minimum of three Coverages, using Equipment made specifically for compaction. 00330.43 274 Select compaction Equipment based on the type of Material being compacted and the layer thickness. Normal compaction Equipment consists of sheepsfoot rollers, tamping-foot rollers, grid rollers, pneumatic -tired rollers, and vibratory rollers. Routing of hauling and grading Equipment will not be accepted as adequate to ac hieve compaction, except as provided in 00330.42(a)(1).

In the immediate vicinity of minor Structures as provided in 00330.42(c)(5), in holes, around and under isolated individual Rock fragments, and elsewhere where embankment and filling Materials can or cannot be reached by normal compaction Equipment , compact with machine-operated pneumatic or mechanical tampers, or by hand methods if allowed, as required to ensure intimate contact between the backfill Material and the Structure or fragment and provide thorough compaction.

(b)Moisture -Density Testable Materials:
(1)Test in -place Materials for compaction according to Section 00165.
(2)In -place Materials shall meet the following moisture content, density, and deflection

requirements, each of which has equal weight and each of which shall be satisfied:

a.Moisture Content - Moisture content at the time of compacting the M aterials shall be

prepared to within minus 4 percent to p lus 2 percent of optimum moisture content. Material that does not contain sufficient moisture to obtain proper compaction shall be wetted and thoroughly mixed as directed. Material containing an excess of moisture shall be dried by manipulation, aeration, drainage or other means before being compacted.

b.Density - After compaction of each layer the density shall be at least:

• 95 percent of maximum density in Roadbed cuts, to a depth of 1 foot below established Subgrade elevation. • 95 percent of maximum density in embankments, fills, backfills, and specified portions of existing ground.

c.Deflection Requirement - In addition to moisture- density testing, conduct at l east one

deflection test according to ODOT TM 158 for each 3 feet, or portion of 3 feet, of embankment placed. If the layer being tested exhibits any yielding, deflection, reaction or pumping, rework the area to provide acceptable test results prior to pl acement of any additional Material .

Conduct deflection tests, witnessed by the Engineer, on the finish grade of all Subgrades. During placement of Subbase, base Aggregates, or ACP, if deflection is observed, remove the ACP, Base , and Subbase Aggregates and correct the deflecting areas at no additional cost to the Agency. Provide a signed test report to the Engineer at the end of each shift after completing the required testing. At no additional cost to the Agency, remove and replace embankment constructed thicker than 3 feet that was not deflection tested.

(c)Non -Moisture -Density Testable Materials - When Material is not moisture -density testable

because Rock fragments in the M aterial prevent moisture-density testing, place and compact the Material as follows:

• Place non- moisture density testable M aterial in nearly horizontal layers with thickness not exceeding 12 inches. • Water or aerate the M aterial to ensure each layer can be compacted to form a dense mass, free of pumping. 00330.44 275 • Compact each l ayer uniformly with a minimum of four full Coverages using a smooth drum vibratory roller. • Conduct at least one deflection test according to ODOT TM 158 for each layer of embankment placed. If the layer being tested exhibits any yielding, deflection, reaction or pumping, rework the area to provide acceptable test results prior to placement of any additional Material .

(d)Small, Irregular Fill Areas - The density requirements of 00330.43 do not apply to irregular

fill areas that have a total volume of no more than 150 cubic yards outside of the travel lanes. Construct these areas according to the following:

• Place embankment M aterial in nearly horizontal layers with thickness not exceeding 8 inches. • Water or aerate the Material to ensure each layer does n ot deflect under the action of the roller used for compaction. • Compact each layer using a roller appropriate to the M aterial being placed and as directed. Use a smooth- drum vibratory roller for Sands and Gravels; use a sheepsfoot or tamping-foot roller fo r Silts and C lays. The Engineer will determine the classification of the embankment Soil. • Compact each layer uniformly with a minimum of five full Coverages of the specified roller. • In areas not accessible to rollers, use compaction Equipment suitable for the area and compact each layer with sufficient Coverages to produce a firm unyielding surface.

00330.44Buttress, Inlay, or Shear Key - Remove the designated materials and constr uct the

Buttress, inlay or shear key as follows:

(a)Preparation - Do not start excavation for each segment until a stockpile of stone embankment

Material is immediately available at or near the site. Locate the stockpile at a site approved by the Engineer. The size of the stockpile shall be sufficient to fill one excavated segment.

(b)Sequence of Construction - Excavate the area according to 00330.40 and 00330.41 to

provide a backslope to the lines, Slopes and details shown, or as directed. Excavat e and backfill in segments to minimize aggravating stability conditions. Each segment shall not exceed 75 feet in length as measured across the top of each open excavation segment, unless otherwise specified or directed.

(c)Unsuitable Materials - Sort and dispose of Unsuitable Materials as waste material according

to 00330.41(a)(5) .

(d)Foundation - Excavate to a depth of at least 5 feet into firm, stable, undisturbed materials as

shown or as directed. Remove soft or loose materials. The Engineer wi ll verify sufficient excavation into firm, stable, undisturbed materials in each segment before allowing the backfill. Where shown or directed, place riprap geotextile against the excavated backslope. Remove water from the excavation before placing Stone Embankment Material .

(e)Drainage - Provide drainage as shown or as directed.
(f)Placement of Stone Embankment - After excavation of each segment according

to 00330.44(b) and 00330.44(d), place the stone embankment M aterial to fill the excavated segm ent before excavating the next segment. Backfill all segments on the same Day they are excavated. Place and manipulate the stone embankment Material in the Buttress, inlay or shear key to provide a dense and well -filled mass to the lines, Slopes and Cross Sections shown, or as directed.

00330.45 276 00330.45 Filling of Holes - Backfill holes outside the limits of required excavation or embankment construction that result from G rubbing and removal Work , basements, trenches and other such holes as directed. Smoot h and shape to blend with the surrounding area. If the basis of performance is the excavation basis, no separate payment for this Work will be made. If the basis of performance is the embankment basis, payment for this Work will be made according to 00330.94.

00330.46Watering of Materials - Water Materials as directed to provide compaction and required

density to embankments and backfills and to alleviate dust nuisance according to Section 00340.

00330.47Specified Selected Courses or Layers of Materials - In addition to the requirements

of 00330.42, select, sort, and place Courses or layers of Materials if included in the Contract Schedule of Items. Select and sort the Materials obtained from required excavations and pl ace in locations and thicknesses specified, or as directed. Place and construct selected Courses or layers to conform to the requirements of 00330.42 and 00330.43, unless otherwise specified. The Work covered by this provision may include, but is not limited to:

• Selected Embankment Material • Selected Subgrade Material • Selected Stone Embankment Material • Selected Topsoil

00330.49Construction Slide Removal and Repair - Remove Construction Slide Materials and

repair Construction Slide damages to the Work according to Specifications, or as directed, and as follows:

(a)Remove Construction Slide Materials - Within the limits of established or reestablished lines,

grades and Slopes , do the following:

• Excavate and remove C onstruction Slide Materials. • Sort and dispose of Unsuitable Materials. • Use excavated Slide Materials, to the extent practica ble, in emban kments, fills, backfills, and widenings, and for flattening slopes within the Project limits. • Dispose of excess material according to 00330.41(a)(4).

(b)Construction Slide Repair - Reconstruct or restore Subgrade and Slopes to the established

or reestablished lines, grades and Slopes . Reconstruct or repair damaged Structures or facilities within Construction Slide areas.

(c)Responsibility for Construction Slide Removal and Repair:
(1)Contractor Responsibility - Perform construction Slide removal and repair Work at no

additional cost to the Agency when caused by any of the following:

• Embankment foundation conditions or pre-existing subsurface conditions that were reasonably anticipated in the Contract. • Contractor's method and manner of operations. • Contractor's failure to perform or to protect the Work according to Plans and Specifications.

00330.81 277 (2) Agency Responsibility - Slide removal and repair Work will be paid for according to 00330.90 whenal l of the following apply:

• Caused by embankment foundation conditions or pre- existing subsurface conditions that were not reasonably anticipated in the Contract. • Not caused by Contractor's method and manner of operation. • Not caused by Contractor's failure to perform or to protect the Work according to Plans and Specifications.

Finishing and Cleaning Up

00330.70General - Immediately before completing the earthwork:

• Blend the tops of cutbanks with the adjacent terrain. • Trim and finish all Roadbeds, ditches, waterway channels, and other excavations and embankments to the lines, grades, and Cross Sections established. • Clean up debris and foreign matter of all kinds on the entire Right -of-Way area. Dispose of materials as directed. • Finish the Subgrade to be within a tolerance of plus or minus 0.06 foot from the established line, grade, and Cross Section and to be free of ruts, depressions and irregularities. • In planting and seeding areas, remove all Rocks, Boulders, and vegetative matter. • Remove all litter, debris and obstructions.

Measurement

00330.80Measurement - The quantities of earthwork will be measured according to one or more of

the following:

• Volume basis, based on the Agency's digital terrain model (DTM) calculated by Triangular Volume, Average End Area Volume, or by other methods of equivalent accuracy. • Volume basis, computed by the average end area method from Cross Section measurements, or by other methods of equivalent accuracy. When specified, corrections for curvature will be made. Measurement will only be for those items listed in 00330.93 and 00330.94 that are actually included as an item in the Contract Schedule of It ems.

Structure excavation will be measured according to 00510.80(b).

Materials sub-excavated from beneath footings as required by 00330.42(c)(8) will be measured according to 00510.80(b). Granular structure backfill will be measured according to 00510.80(d). Watering of M aterials required by 00330.46 will be measured according to 00340.80.

00330.81Excavation Basis Measurement - When measurement of earthwork is on the excavation

basis, the Materials will be measured in their original positions before excavation. Measurement will be limited to the lines, grades, and Slopes as established. The quantities of excavation measured for payment will include the volumes of:

00330.82 278 • Abandoned pipe and miscellaneous matter within excavation limits. • Materials removed below Subgrade in Roadbed excavations according to 00330.41(a)(9) and

00330.91(d)

• Overbreak determined to be unavoidable according to 00330.41(a)(10).

The following earthwork items will be measured on the excavation basis:

• Borrow Excav ation • Ditch Excavation • Foundation Excavation • General Excavation • Toe Trench Excavation

Embankments required or necessary to perform earthwork on the excavation basis will not be measured separately.

00330.82Embankment Basis Measurement - When measureme nt of earthwork is on the

embankment basis, the M aterials will be measured in the ir final embankment position. Measurement will be limited to the lines, grades, and Slopes of the original ground contours established before the Contractor begins any Work o n the Project.

The quantities of embankment measured for payment will include the volumes of Materials used to backfill excavations below Subgrade and holes when shown or directed. The quantities of embankment measured for payment will not include the vo lumes of:

• Any additional quantities required due to subsidence, settlement of the ground or Base , settlement within embankments, or to shrinkage, settlement, washout, slippage, or loss regardless of cause, subject to 00170.80 or 00170.82. • Any additional q uantities required due to compaction efforts that are required in 00330.43. • Any additional quantities required due to clearing and grubbing operations. • Slide Materials paid for according to 00195.20. • Any Materials for which payment is made for completed embankments or backfills under other Contract provisions.

The following earthwork items will be measured on the embankment basis:

• Embankment In Place • Stone Embankment • Extra For Selected ____ Material Excavations, including cutbank rounding, Overbreak whether avoidable or not, and foundation benching, required or necessary to perform earthwork on the embankment basis, and retrieval or removal of Cobbles and Boulders according to 00330.42(c)(2)(a) will not be measured separately. When an excavation basis item is included in the Contract Schedule of Items and selected Materials are obtained from the excavation for use as "Extra for Selected ____ Material", measurement will be made for both items.

00330.91 279 Payment

00330.90Payment - The accepted quantities of earthwork performed under this Section will be paid

for at the Contract unit price, per unit of measurement, for each item that appears in the Contract Schedule of Items.

Payment will be payment in full for furnishing and placing all Materials, and for furnishing all Equipment , labor, and Incidentals necessary to complete the Work as specified.

Structure excavation will be paid for according to 00510.90(b).

Materials sub-excavated from beneath footings as required by 00330.42(c)(8) will be paid for according to 00510.90(b).

Granular structure backfill will be paid for according to 00510.90(d).

Watering of M aterials required by 00330.46 will be paid for according to 00340.90.

Slide removal and repair Work determined under 00330.49( c)(2) to be Agency responsibility will be paid for according to 00195.20. No separate or additional payment will be made for Work that is required to be done under these Specifications that does not appear as a separately listed item in the Contract Schedule of Items.

No separate or additional payment will be made for blasting done according 00330.41(e) unless a blasting item is listed in the Contract Schedule of Items.

Kinds of Pay Excavation - The kinds of pay excavation on the Project will be indicated by

the items listed in the Contract Schedule of Items and are defined as follows:

(a)Ditch Excavation:

• Limited to the lines, grades, and Cross Sections shown or established with bottom widths of 8 feet and less that lie outside of and separate from Roadbed Cross Sections. • Includes canals, channels, and inlet, outlet, diversion, drain, and other open ditches to carry water.

(b)Foundation Excavation:

• Limited to the lines, grades, and Cross Sections shown or established. • To remove soft materials for preparation and stabilization of areas below embankments.

(c)Toe Trench Excavation:

• At the toe of riprap slopes as shown and elsewhere as directed to provide a suitable foundation toe trench on which to place riprap geotextile or filter blanket, and riprap Material .

(d)General Excavation:

• Other than ditch, trench, structure, foundatio n, toe trench, and Borrow excavation. • Includes cut ditches, Borrow ditches, and Roadside ditches in the Roadway section as staked or established, or shown as being a part of the typical R oadway Cross Sections. • Includes other ditches with bottom widths greater than 8 feet. 00330.92 280 • Includes Unsuitable Material excavated below Subgrade in Roadbed excavations according to 00330.41(a)(9), when determined that such excavation is neither more nor less difficult to remove than the material above Subgrade in the whole of the cut. When determined that such excavation is either more or less difficult to remove than the material above Subgrade in the whole of the cut, payment will be according to 00195.20.

(e)Borrow Excavation:

• Obtained from specifically designated and authorized sources lying outside of, separated from, independent of, and b eyond the R oadway Cross Sections, unless otherwise directed.

00330.92Kinds of Incidental Earthwork - No separate or additional payment will be made for the

following:

• Removal of overburden from pits and quarries. • Excavation of Rock and other Material for use in Surfacings or Structures. • Excavation for haul roads. • Other excavation ( Borrow excavation excepted) that is not directly a part of the finished Work . • Blending tops of cutbanks with adjacent ground according to 00330.41(a)(11) . • Overbreak, except on excavation basis earthwork and the Engineer determines that Overbreak was unavoidable. • Foundation benching performed according to 00330.42(a)(7). • Rock excavated below the excavation plane established by 00330.41(a)(9) and the specified backfill required to fill up to the excavation plane, to the satisfaction of the Engineer. • Smoothing and maintaining foundations, Roadbeds, and haul roads. • Material handled, removed, placed, or used contrary to Specifications or directions. • Rehandling and reshaping of Materials previously excavated, except where called for in the Specifications, Plans, or Contract C hange Orders. • Excavation for forms to construct curbs, gutters, walks and other similar Structures unless specified. • The volu me of any free water or liquid. • Hauling, moving, or transporting earthwork Materials. • Removal of excess moisture according to 00330.42(b). • Retrieval or removal of C obbles and Boulders according to 00330.42(c)(2)(a). • Constructing outer portions of embankment with suitable Material for slope stabilization. • Additional quantities of M aterials required due to clearing and grubbing operations and compaction requirements within embankment limits.

00330.93Excavation Basis Payment - When listed in the ContractS chedule of Items, the following

items will be paid for on the excavation basis:

Pay Item Unit of Measurement

(a)Ditch Excavation .............................................................................. Cubic Yard
(b)Foundation Excavation .................................................................... Cubic Yard
(c)Toe Trench Excavation .................................................................... Cubic Yard
(d)General Excavation .......................................................................... Cubic Yard
(e)Borrow Excavation ........................................................................... Cubic Yard

00330.94 281 These items include excavating, selecting, handling, hauling, placing, and compacting the Materials as specified.

00330.94Embankment Basis Payment - When listed in the Contract Schedule of Items, the

following items will be paid for on the embankment basis:

Pay Item Unit of Measurement

(a)Embankment In Place ...................................................................... Cubic Yard
(b)Stone Embankment ......................................................................... Cubic Yard
(c)Extra For Selected ____ Material ..................................................... Cubic Yard

Item (a) includes excavating, selecting, handli ng, hauling, placing, and compacting of the Materials as specified and all other costs incurred in furnishing required embankment Materials.

Item (b) includes furnishing, selecting, handling, hauling, placing, and compacting the Material as specified.

In item (c), the type of Material will be inserted in the blank.

Item (c) includes preserving, sorting, stockpiling, and handling of the specified Selected Materials as described in 00330.41(a)(1) and 00330.41(a)(2), selected and placed according to 00330.42,

, and the Special Provisions

Unless a specific Pay Item in the form of item (c) appears in the Contract Schedule of Items, no separate or additional payment will be made for preserving, sorting and handling Selected Materials. However, earthwork materials obtained from excavations and incorporated into specified embankments will be paid for at the applicable item, if listed in the Contract Schedule of Items.

Excavation of unstable material that is below Subgrade in Roadbed exca vation areas, according to 00330.41(a)(9) , will be paid for according to 00195.20.

Source: Oregon Standard Specifications for Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 331347 of 1,268.