00398.02 313 Section 00398 - Rock Slope Stabilization and Reinforcement
Description
00398.00Scope - This Work consists of furnishing and installing Rock slope stabilization and
reinforcement systems, in close conformity to the lines, grades, and dimensions shown or established.
00398.02Definitions :
Anchored High Tensile Strength Wire Mesh Slope Protection - A system of woven, diamond- patterned mesh made of a single type of high tensile strength wire, supported by wire ropes secured with Slope Protection Anchors, and held against the slope with a pattern of Anchor Nails, Spike Plates, and Boundary Ropes.
Anchor Nail - A steel rod inserted into a predrilled or self -drilled hole in Soil or Rock , with a mechanical connection to the wire mesh, in an anchored High Tensile Strength Steel Wire Mesh Slope Protection system. It is u sed to secure the wire mesh directly to the slope. Barrier Mounted Rock Protection Screen - A system of screening and concrete barrier designed to intercept small falling Rocks. Boundary Rope - A component of an anchored High Tensile Strength Steel Wire Mesh Slope Protection system. It is secured by Slope Protection Anchors, and assists in holding the wire mesh against the slope under tension. Cable Net Slope Protection - A system of cable net draped over a rockfall slope area and anchored with Slope Protection Anchors. The cable net is backed with secondary wire mesh to prevent smaller Rocks from reaching the Highway . Cable N et Slope Protection is used where Rocks are generally less than 5 feet in diameter. Flexible Barrier System - A proprietary rockfall catchment system constructed of high-strength structural net (e.g., interlocking steel rings, high tensile strength mesh, or interlaced cable panels) suspended from support posts and i ncorporating braking elements. Gabion Wire Mesh Slope Protection - A system of gabion wire mesh draped over a rockfall slope area and anchored with Slope Protection Anchors. Gabion wire mesh is used where Rocks are generally less than 2 feet in diameter. High Tensile Strength Wire Mesh Slope Protection - A system of woven, diamond-patterned mesh made of a single type of high tensile strength wire draped over a rockfall slope and anchored with Slope Protection Anchors. High Tensile Strength Wire Mesh Slope Protection is used where R ocks are generally less than 4 feet in diameter.
Post-Supported Rock Protection Screen Behind Barrier/Guardrail - A wire mesh screen placed behind a barrier or guardrail at the Highway Shoulder edge and supported by posts.
Post-Supported Wire Mesh Slope Protection - Wire mesh suspended above the ground with support posts and draped over a rockfall slope. Post -supported wire mesh is used to intercept falling Rock generally less than 2 feet in d iameter from slopes above the installation. The draped portion controls rockfall within the installation area .
Rock Reinforcing Bolt - A steel rod inserted into a predrilled hole in Rock , tensioned to a required load, and grouted in place.
00398.03 314 Rock Reinforcing Dowel - An u ntensioned steel rod inserted into a predrilled hole in Rock and grouted in place.
Slope Protection Anchor - A steel bolt or wire rope, emplaced in Rock , Soil, or mixed Rock and Soil, used to secure the Support Rope in a slope protections ystem.
Spike Plate - A diamond -shaped steel plate used with an Anchor Nail in an anchored Wire Mesh Slope Protection system to structurally connect the wire mesh to the Anchor Nail. Supplemental Anchor Nail - An Anchor Nail installed between regular pattern Anchor Nails to improve the fit of the wire mesh to the slope contours as part of an anchored W ire Mesh Slope Protection system. Support Rope - A wire rope along the top of a Wire Mesh Slope Protection system. It is secured by Slope Protection Anchors, and supports the upper edge of the wire mesh. Wire Mesh Slope Protection - Collective term referring to High Tensile Strength Wire Mesh Slope Protection systems, anchored high tensile wire mesh strength slope protectio n systems, Post-Supported Wire Mesh Slope Protection systems, and Gabion Wire Mesh Slope Protection systems.
00398.03Required Submittals :
plan according to 00150.37 to the Engineer at least 10 Calendar Days prior to the preconstruction conference. Include the following:
Construction schedule and sequence. Drilling methods and Equipment . Specifications and manufact urer's data sheets for Rock Reinforcing Bolts and dowels, couplers, bearing plates, Rock Reinforcing Bolt mechanical anchorage system (if used), flat washers, and beveled washers. Drill hole diameter. Grout mix specifications and placement procedures, incl uding manufacturer's data sheets. Type of c orrosion protection, either galvanizing or epoxy coating, for the Rock Reinforcing Bolts and dowels. Installation and stressing procedures, and Equipment . Calibration data for each torque wrench, test jack, and pr essure gauge to be used.
The Engineer will respond within 21 C alendar Days after receipt of the work plan. Do not proceed with the Work until the Engineer has approved the work plan in writing.
according to 00150.35, at least 30 Calendar Days before beginning fabrication or construction of the flexible rockfall barrier system.
Submit field construction manuals, maintenance manuals, and product brochures prepared by the manufacturer of the proprietary flexible rockfall barrier system according to 00150.37 at least 30 Calendar Days before beginning fabrication or construction of the flexible rockfall barrier system.
00398.03 315 (1) Working Drawings - Working Drawi ngs shall include at least the following information:
• General Notes - Necessary information on the design and construction of the flexible rockfall barrier system .
• Materials and Quantity Summary List - A table of all items comprising the system, and the quantities of each item .
• Plan and Elevation Views - Include the net system alignment and stationing referenced to construction centerline, locations of support posts and footings, all Support Ropes (end, lateral, top, and bottom), anchor ropes, braking el ements, net height, and section lengths.
• Typical Sections - Include net system footing options, footing-to -post connections, net connections, anchor type(s), retaining rope and braking element connections, and anchor locations.
• Structural and Geometric D etails - Include structural and geometric details for: • Footings and leveling pads • Rock and Soil footings • Anchors • End, lateral, and intermediate Support Ropes • Support columns, including column plates, breakaway connections, and cable guide assemblies
the preconstruction conference. Include the following:
• Construction sequence. • Slope access plan and Equipment . • Color(s) for powder coating or otherwise coloring all wire rope and cable to match the mesh color, if mesh color is specified or shown. Colors shall conform to Federal Standard 595C. • Manufacturer’s data sheet for Materials to restore corrosion protection on exposed steel . • Description of anchors . • Drilling methods and Equipment . • Description of Slope Protection Anchors, including the manufacturer's data sheets and corrosion protection. • Drill hole diameter . • Grout mix from the QPL, including manufacturer’s data sheets. Include the procedures for placing the grout. • Installation procedures . • Anchor testing schedule and acceptance criteria. • Description of testing procedures and Equipment . • Calibration data according to 00398.21 for each torque wrench, test jack, and pressure gauge to be used. • Proposed herb icide for stump treatment, if applicable, including manufacturer's data sheets .
00398.10 316 (3) Field Construction Manual - Provide a field construction manual, prepared by the manufacturer of the proprietary flexible rockfall barrier system, including step-by-step directions for constructing the system. This manual shall include anchor testing procedures and acceptance criteria.
manufacturer of the proprietary flexible rockfall barrier system, including step-by -step instructions for maintaining the system. The manual shall include a Project -specific list of all proprietary components with stock or product reference numbers and illustrations, and a Project -specific list of all non -proprietary components.
detailed work plan according to 00150.37 to the Engineer for approval, at least 10 Calendar Days before the preconstruction conference. Include the following:
Documentation demonstrating satisfactory performance of the steel mesh furnished by this Supplier in other projects completed for use as part of an anchored high tensile strength steel mesh system where the site conditions weres imilar to the conditions on this Project. An inclusive list, with catalogue cuts, of all system appurtenances including A nchor Nails, Spike Plates, grout, lacing wire rope, wire rope clips, wire rope thimbles, ferrules, Slope Protection Anchors, and other fastening hardware. Mill certificates for the wire rope. Procedures for temporarily securing mesh at the top of the slope during installation, including the type(s) of temporary anchor and the plan for removal of temporary support that is not incorporated into the final Work. Equipment and procedures for installing and anchoring the system Boundary Ropes. Equipment and procedures for installing the high tensile strength steel mesh. Procedures for attaching mesh panels to each other and to B oundary Ropes, and for placing the mesh panels at the design location on the slope. Procedures for installing Anchor Nails and Spike Plates. Calibration data for torque wrenches, including a graph of torque versus tension for each torque wrench to be used. Color(s) for powder coating or otherwise coloring all wire rope and cable to match the mesh color, if mesh color is specified or shown. Colors shall conform to Federal Standard 595C. Manufacturer ’s data sheets for Materials to restore corrosion protection on exposed steel. The Engineer will respond within 21 Calendar Days after receipt of the work plan. Do not proceed with the Work until the Engineer has authorized the work plan in writing.
installers, and on-site supervisor according to 00398.30 . The Engineer will respond within 21 Calendar Days after receipt of the submittal. Do not proceed with the Work until the Engineer has approved the submittal in writing.
Materials
00398.10Slope Protection Anchors :
steel anchor bolts, complete with keyhole plate, grout tube, washer , and nut, meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 31 (ASTM A615). Provide anchor bolts made of one continuous bar. 00398.14 317 Welding and couplers are not allowed. Galvanize all steel anchor bolts according to AASHTO M 232 ( ASTM A153). Provide grout tubes, grout sealers, and other grouting accessories for grouting anchor bolts of type recommended by the manufacturer and as approved.
bolts meeting the requirements of ASTM F432. Provide 3/8- inch, flat steel plates that provide not less than 6 by 6-inch area for each bolt. Provide steel or malleable iron beveled washers and hardened steel machine washers. Provide heavy hexagonal type nuts. Galvanize all plates, washers, and nuts according to AASHTO M 232 ( ASTM A153), Class C, except castings shall be Class A and forgings shall be Class B.
of Federal Specification RR -W-410 and ASTM A1023. Provide general purpose, 3/4-inch diameter, 6x19 independent wire rope core ( IWRC), galvanized wire rope, with the wire rope core made from extra improved plow steel. Minimum breaking force shall be 58,800 pounds. Attach ferrules to the rope to prevent withdrawal from the encapsulating concrete during testing. Ferrules and thimbles shall be galvanized according to AASHTO M 232 ( ASTM A153).
requirements of Section 00440; or site -mixed, commercially bagged, premixed concrete with a minimum 28-Day compressive strength of 3,000 psi.
of the QPL. Follow the manufacturer's recommendations for water -cement ratio, mixing and set times.
00398.11Posts, Braces, and Appurtenances for Post Supported Wire Mesh - Furnish Schedule
40, hot -dip galvanized steel pipe conforming to ASTM A53, Grade B, for posts, post sleeves, and braces . Posts and braces shall be 4-inch outside diameter. Post sleeves shall be 4.5-inch outside diameter (to accommodate post). Furnish post caps, strap clamps, bolts, and nuts that are hot -dip galvanized according to AASHTO M 232 ( ASTM A153). Repair all cutting, welding, and drilling as well as other damage to the galvanizing according to 02420.10(d).
00398.12Top Horizontal Support R ope and Support Post Retaining Rope - Furnish top
horizontal Support Rope and support post retaining rope of the sizes shown and meeting the current requirements of Federal Specification RR -W-410 and ASTM A1023. Provide Type 1, general purpose, Class 2, 6x19 IWRC, galvanized wire rope, with the wire rope core made from extra improved plow steel. If a mesh color is specified, powder coat according to Section 00593 all wire rope and cable to match the mesh color.
00398.13Hardware for Post Supported Wire Mesh - Furnish rings and eyes of drop-forged steel ,
heat-treated after forging. Furnish wire rope thimbles and clips sized for the wire rope shown. All rings, eyes, thimbles, wire rope clips, U -bolts and miscellaneous hardware shall be galvanized according to AASHTO M 232 ( ASTM A153), Class C, except castings shall be Class A and forgings shall be Class B.
If a mesh color is specified, powder coat according to Section 00593 all hardware to match mesh color.
00398.14Wire Mesh Materials:
ASTM A975, Style 1, 8 by 10 mesh type with Class 3 coating, soft temper. 00398.15 318
meeting the requirements of ASTM A975, Style 3, 8 by 10 mesh type with Class 3 coating, soft temper. Obtain the Engineer's approval of the PVC coating color .
steel fastene rs meeting the requirements of ASTM A975 and ASTM A764 , with Class 3 zinc coating according to ASTM A641 and minimum panel -to-panel connection strengths meeting the requirements of ASTM A975. If stainless steel fasteners are shown, provide fasteners confo rming to ASTM A313, Type 302. Provide lacing wire with the same coating Material as the gabion wire mesh fabric and conforming to ASTM A641 and ASTM A975. If PVC coating is required, provide the same color as the gabion wire mesh fabric.
construction consisting of a single type of wire, with the ends of each wire formed into a loop and twisted. The loops of the wire mesh shall be fastened together to prevent unraveling of the mesh. The wire shall be alloyed, high-strength carbon steel wire with minimum diameters and tensile strengths complying with ASTM A1007 (Level 3 drawn Zn5 Al wire), as summarized in Table 00398-1. Minimum wire diameter is shown. The wire shall be hot -dip galvanized with a zinc/aluminum coating with a minimum weight of 0.40 ounce per square foot for Level 3 drawn Zn5 Al wire according to ASTM A1007.
The size of the mesh opening shall be a maximum of 3.25 by 5.6 inches (± 3%). T he depth of the mesh shall be a minimum of 0.4 inch (± 10%).
Table 00398-1 Minimum Wire Diameter (in ch) Minimum Wire Strength (pounds ) Bearing Resistance Against Punching in Combination with a 50 square inch Diam ond Plate (psi) 0.079 1,200 24,000 0.118 2,800 40,000 0.157 4,900 60,000
00398.15Cable Net - Furnish cable net consisting of individual square or diagonal panels joined
along their edges. Furnish cable net panels composed of woven wire ropes or strand with a maximum opening size of 12 by 12 inches. Interior wire rope junctions shall be bound with either double knots of 1/8 -inch diameter corrosion resistant wire, or high- strength, corrosion resistant clips with slotted bottoms made from 0.08-inch plate. Furnish net panels that are co nstructed from one of the following:
1x3 high tensile steel wire spiral rope. 7x7 or 7x19 galvanized aircraft cable (GAC), extra improved plow steel, with a m inimum nominal diameter of 5/16 inch (0.31 inch)
Wire rope or cable for net panels shall have a breaking strength of at least 9,200 pounds.
Use net panels with a grid size opening no larger than 12 by 12 inches. For the net panels made with GAC wire rope, use wire rope that is fabricated and galvanized according to ASTM A1023. 00398.18 319 As required, furnish PVC coated gabion wire mesh fabric m eeting the requirements of ASTM A975, Style 3, 8 by 10 mesh type with Class 3 coating, soft temper. Obtain the Engineer’s approval of the PVC coating color.
Attach gabion wire mesh fabric to the cable net on the Rock side of the system. Attach gabion wire mesh to the cable net on 12- inch centers both horizontally and vertically, using 11 gauge high tensile strength galvanized fasteners.
00398.16Rock Reinforcing Bolts and Rock Reinforcing Dowels - Rock Reinforcing Bolts, Rock
Reinforcing Dowels, and all appurtenan t hardware shall be galvanized or epoxy coated prior to installation. Cement grout is not allowed as a substitute for the required protective coatings.
system, plates, washers, and nuts from the QPL. If mechanical anchorage is not selected, use a Rock Reinforcing Bolt system from a manufacturer regularly engaged in the manufacturer of R ock Reinforcing Bolts.
Provide grout tubes, grout sealers, and other grouting accessories for grouting R ock Reinforcing Bolts of types recommended by the manufacturer and as approved.
a manufacturer regularly engaged in the manufacturer of R ock Reinforcing Dowels. Provide grout meeting the requirements of 00398.10(e) . 00398. 17 Flexible Rockfall Barrier Systems - For proprietary flexible rockfall barrier systems, provide products from the selected manufacturer according to the manufacturer's specifications and these Specifications. The flexible rockfall barrier system Maximum Energy Level impact rating is shown. If there is a conflict between the manufac turer's specifications and the Agency's Specifications, the Agency's Specifications will take precedence.
Obtain all M aterials for the selected proprietary flexible rockfall barrier system from the same manufacturer . Use only one proprietary flexible rockfall barrier system on the Project unless otherwise specified.
00398.18Anchored High Tensile Strength Steel Wire Mesh Slope Protection - All mesh and
components, except Anchor Nails, shall be powder coated by the Supplier . The color will be selected by the Engineer from the color(s) submitted according to 00398.03(c).
of the diameter shown, with a corrosion allowance of 0.079-inch zinc galvanization included in their diameter. Provide nails with a mini mum ultimate strength of 55,000 psi that are groutable using a tremie tube grouting system and capable of being post -tensioned to the minimum design load shown. Required minimum nail length is shown . Provide centralizers every 5 feet along each nail and a tremie tube for grouting.
shown, that comply with ASTM A615, and are supplied with a 3 -inch diameter sacrificial bit. Self-drilling Anchor Nails shall be made from high- strength steel with a minimum ultimate strength of 55,000 psi and shall be groutable and capable of being post -tensioned to the minimum design load shown.
consisting of a single type of wire, with the ends of each wire formed into a loop and twisted. The loops of the wire mesh shall be fastened together to prevent unraveling of the mesh. The wire shall 00398.20 320 be alloyed high-strength carbon steel wire with minimum diameter and tensile strength conforming to ASTM A1007 (Level 3 drawn Zn5 Al wire) as summarized in Table 00398- 1. Minimum wire diameter is shown. The wire shall be hot -dip galvanized with a zinc/aluminum coating, with a minimum weight of 0.40 ounce per square foot for Level 3 drawn Zn5 Al wire. The size of the mesh opening shall be a maximum of 3.25 by 5.6 inches (± 3%), and the depth of the mesh shall be a minimum of 0.4 inch (± 10%).
minimum diameter of 0.15 inch and a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 4,900 pounds according to ASTM A1007 (Level 3 drawn Zn5 Al wire). The clip shall measure 2.36 by 0.83 inches and have two reversed end hooks on one side of the clamp. The wire shall be galvanized with a 95 percent zinc and 5 percent aluminum coating, with a minimum weight of 0.49 ounce per square foot. Hog ring conne ctors are not allowed.
of 7.48 inches and a length of 13 inches. Spike Plates shall be hot -dip galvanized according to ASTM A123 (ASTM A123M) with a minimum layer thickness of 85 microns.
installation boundaries. Rope shall be Type 1, general purpose, Class 2, 6x19 IWRC, with a minimum breaking strength of 23,940 pounds, conforming to Federal Specification RR -W-410 or equivalent, including galvanizing.
Provide anchors for Boundary Rope according to 00398.10(c).
attaining a minimum unconfined compressive strength of 4,000 psi in not more than 3 Days, a s confirmed according to AASHTO T 106. Test non-shrink properties according to AASHTO T 160. Percent length change shall not exceed 0.05 percent at 28 Days for wate r-cured samples. Add fluidifying agents as needed.
rope clips, thimbles, and other miscellaneous items shall be from the Supplier of the high tensile strengt h steel wire to assure and compatibility of system components.
minimum length of 5 feet.
Equipment
00398.20Anchor, Bolt, and Dowel Equipment - Provide all Equipment necessary to install Slope
Protection Anchors, Rock Reinforcing Bolts, and Rock Reinforcing Dowels in the ir holes, and to tighten nuts, eyes and other hardware to the manufacturer's required tension.
Provide and maintain in good working condition the necessary torque wrenches and related Equipment for the installation of steel bolt and Slope Protection Anchors, Rock Reinforcing Bolts, and Rock Reinforcing Dowels.
00398.21Anchor Testing Equipment - Furnish all torque wrenches, jacks, pressure gauges and
other Equipment required to perform proof testing of installed anchors, Rock Reinforcing Bolts, and Rock Reinforcing Dowels. Use pressure gauges and load cells of the types and sizes commonly used in the testing of Rock bolts and anchors.
00398.42 321 Calibrate torque wrenches, jacks, and pressure gauges before use. Perform calibration tests, using an independent testing laboratory, within 60 Calendar Days of the date calibration data is submitted. The torque w renches shall have a capacity at least 20 percent greater than the Rock Reinforcing Bolt manufacturer's recommended torque to achieve the design and test loads. The torque wrenches shall have an accuracy of at least ± 2 percent of the full -scale reading, and a resolution of at least 1 percent of the full -scale reading.
Labor
00398.30Personnel Qualifications - Furnish personnel skilled in the installation of Rock
Reinforcing Bolts and Rock Reinforcing Dowels. Experience shall be relevant to anticipated Rock conditions and size of Rock Reinforcing Bolts and Rock Reinforcing Dowels being installed. The on - site supervisor and drill operator shall have no less than 2 years of demonstrated experience in Roc k Reinforcing Bolt and Rock Reinforcing Dowel installation. Submit documentation of experience to the Engineer at least 10 Calendar Days prior to the preconstruction conference. Include names and current phone numbers of references , project names and locations, and the year of project completion .
00398.31Measurement Assistance - Furnish labor, at no additional cost to the Agency, to assist
with the measurement of quantities of Wire Mesh Slope Protection systems and Cable Net Slope Protection system pl aced on the slopes.
Construction
00398.40General - Construct the kinds and types of Rock slope protection at the locations shown
or directed. Verify existing ground elevations, anchor locations, footing locations, elevations, and alignments prior to construction. Do not begin construction prior to receipt of the Engineer's written authorization.
The Contractor may encounter a variety of foundation conditions during construction of Rock slope protection systems . Be prepared to install Rock slope protection items in all types of M aterials including Soil, mixed Rock and Soil, and solid Rock .
00398.41Preparation Work - Clear and grub the area according to Section 00320
Remove all shrubs, brush, snags, downed timber, float Rock , and other obstacles, including trees up to 6 inches in diameter that interfere with construction. If directed, preserve trees and geographic features at the top of draped wire mesh, anchored mesh, and cable net systems by adjusting post and anchor locations to miss them.
Excavate for concrete footings to reasonably Neat Lines, but not less than the specified dimensions in Soil or Rock . Do not disturb the original ground at the sides and bottom of the excavation.
Dispose of materials, including excess excavation, according to 00290.20.
00398.42Support Posts - Evenlys pace support posts at intervals not exceedi ng those shown
Measure the interval between posts parallel to the grade of the post line and in the line of the posts from center to center of posts. Set support posts at the beginning and end of each continuous length and at abrupt changes in vertical and horizontal alignments. Place all support posts plumb and in line, unless otherwise directed.
Securely fasten diagonal braces to end support posts and intermediate support posts as shown. Excavate and place concrete for brace footings as shown.
00398.43 322 Dimensions of footings shall not be less than shown and shall fill the excavated areas. Moisten the sides of the excavation to a depth of 2 inches and remove all loose Soil and Rock in the hole prior to placing concrete. If the hole is over -excavated, fill the entire cavity with concrete. Place the concrete with contact against firm Soil at the sides and bottom and tamp around anchor bolts, Slope Protection Anchors, or post sleeves while the anchor bolts, Slope Protection Anchors, or post sleeves are held firmly in proper position. Strike off, slope, or crown the surface of the concrete at the ground level and smooth it to shed water.
Allow concrete to cure for at least 5 Days before the Support Ropes and retaining ropes are attached and subjected to strai n.
00398. 43 Slope Protection Anchors in Solid Rock - Where solid Rock is encountered without an overburden of Soil, install steel anchor bolts and Slope Protection Anchors according to the following:
Overdrill the hole a minimum of 2 inches longer than the anchor length .
as shown. Install end anchors and s upport post retaining rope anchors 6 feet into solid Rock , or as shown. Overdrill the hole a minimum of 2 inches longer than the anchor length.
6 feet into solid Ro ck, or as shown. Overdrill the hole a minimum of 2 inches longer than the anchor length. Install c entralizers according to 00398.45.
Place grout according to the manufacturer's recommendations and as directed.
00398. 44 Slope Protection Anchors in Soil and Mixed Soil and Rock - Where an overburden of Soil, loose Rock , or Surfacing Materials covers solid Rock , install the anchors according to the following:
encountered before this depth is reached, install anchors according to 00398.43 (a), unless otherwise directed.
Install end anchors and support post retaining rope anchors to a depth of 6 feet. If solid Rock is encountered before these depths are reached, install anchors according to 00398.43 (b), unless otherwise directed.
depth of 6 feet. If solid Rock is encountered before this depth is reached , install anchors according to 00398.43 (c), unless otherwise directed. Install centralizers according to 00398.45.
Place grout according to the manufacturer's recommendations and as directed.
00398.45Centralizers - Install centralizers that support the bolt or cable in the center of the hole
Place centralizers within 1 foot of each end of the anchor, and according to the following:
the anchor holes. 00398.48 323
end anchor holes.
00398.46Slope Protection Anchor Proof Testing - Slope Protection Anchors shall have a
minimum pullout capacity of 20,000 pounds per foot. Field verify pullout capacity by testing not less than 25 percent of the total number of anchors installed. The Engineer will determine which anchors are to be tested. Replace failed Slope Protection Anchors at no additional cost to the Agency. Install replacement anchors within 10 feet of the original location. If suitable support cannot be obtained within 10 feet of the original anchor location, notify the Engineer.
Test Slope Protection Anchors either vertically or laterally. Perf orm vertical testing against a temporary yoke or load frame. Do not allow any part of the yoke or load frame to bear within 3 feet of the anchor. Determine applied test loads with either a calibrated pressure gauge or a load cell. Use pressure gauges or load cells commonly used in the testing of Rock bolts and anchors.
Perform lateral testing by attaching a steel cable to the anchor and connecting it to a load cell at the base of the slope. The cable shall not come in contact with the slope below the c rest of the slope. Position the load cell far enough away from the toe of the slope that the cable under tension is near parallel to the slope. Determine applied test loads with either a calibrated pressure gauge or a load cell conforming to 00398.21.
A pullout test consists of loading the anchor assembly to the minimum pullout capacity. The anchor is acceptable if it sustains this load for 10 minutes with no loss of load.
00398.47Wire Mesh Installation and Cable Net Installation - Install gabion wi re mesh, high tensile
strength wire mesh, or cable net systems as shown and according to the following:
Loop the fabric over the top horizontalS upport Rope and attach to itself with high-tensile steel fasteners or lacing wire as shown. Do not tension the fabric in any direction. Allow it to remain loose to increase its dampening effect on rolling R ocks. Lap the gabion or high tensile strength wire mesh or cable net system as shown. If horizontal laps are needed, lap the upper fabric over the lower fabric to avoid the possibility of falling material hanging up on the lap . Locate the bottom of the fabric so material dislodged under the fabric c an fall freely from the bottom, but will not flow or bounce onto the Roadway . Secure the ends of all lacing wires to the fabric with a minimum of one and one-half turns.
mesh for Post -Supported Wire Mesh Slope Protection according to 00398.47 (a). Adjust the turnbuckles at the ends of the top horizontal Support Rope for a maximum sag of 1 inch between any two support posts.
high tensile strength wire mesh to the support posts and top horizontal Support Rope as shown. Lap the gabion wire mesh fabric as shown. Do not tension the fabric in any direction. Adjust the turnbuckles at the ends of the top horizontal Supp ort Rope for a maximum sag of 1 inch between any two support posts.
00398.48Support Rope and Post Retaining Rope Attachment - For Post-Supported Wire Mesh
Slope Protection and Post-Supported Rock Protection Screen Behind Barrier or Guardrail, install top horizontal Support Ropes on the posts as shown. Ensure that the top horizontal Support Rope will 00398.49 324 move freely in the U -bolt hangers. Use one continuous length of cable for each complete section of screen. Attach the top horizontal Support Rope to the end anchors as shown. Tension the rope so that the in-place wire mesh will be fully supported. Take up additional tension with turnbuckles. Ensure that a minimum of 4 inches of take -up remains in the turnbuckle when full tension has been applied.
In addition, for post supported wire mesh protection, install the post retaining ropes to the anchors and support posts as shown. Tension the ropes with the turnbuckles so that the cable is taut but does not bend the support post toward the slope when the wire mesh is installed. Ensure that a minimum of 2 inches of take -up remains in the turnbuckle when full tension has been applied.
00398.49Barrier Mounted Rock Protection Screen - Install concrete barrier according to
00398.50Rock Reinforcing Bolts and Rock Reinforcing Dowels :
damage and corrosion. Corrosion, pitting or damage to the Rock Reinforcing Bolt will be cause for rejection. Damage includes, but is not limited to, abrasions, cuts, nicks, welds, and weld splatter. Prior to installation, remove all mill scale, flaking rust, and grease.
Drill holes to the diameter and depth recommended by the manufacturer , and at least 6 inches longer than the bolt or dowel . Unless otherwise directed, align drill holes normal to the Rock face. Maint ain a driller’s log for each bolt and dowel boring that records, at a minimum, the relative Rock hardness, drilling rate, and groundwater conditions. Provide driller’s logs to the Engineer on a weekly basis.
Place centralizers on Rock bolts and dowels on 10-foot centers prior to installation of the bar, with a minimum of two centralizers per anchor. Locate an inner centralizer within 2 feet of the end of the bar. Locate an outer centralizer within 3 feet of the Rock face. Maintain at least three-quarters of the surface area of the bearing plate in contact with the Rock face. Chip out surrounding Rock as necessary to provide this contact and ensure that the axis of the bolt is within 5 degrees of perpendicular to the bearing plate. Where necessary, a bearing pad may be used to achieve the required contact and angle between the installed bolt and the bearing plate, or where the Rock beneath the bearing plate is not sound. Allow sufficient cure time for bearing pads constructed with cementitious M aterials . Clean the drill holes of all drill cuttings and debris prior to installing the bolts or dowels . Install and proof test as follows:
each bolt to the design load before grouting. Conduct proof testing of each bolt as described below. Place grout in the dr ill hole to fill the space between the bolt and the sides of the hole, and to fully encapsulate the bolt. If necessary, control leakage of grout into Rock seams using approved methods and as directed. Pump the grout to the far end of the drill hole and c ontinue pumping until grout is forced out of the de-airing tube at the face of the hole. After testing and grouting, cut the bolt off, if necessary, so that no more than 3 inches extends beyond the nut. Treat the cut steel according to 02530.71.
24 hours of installing the bolt, place grout to fill the Rock bond length and half the unbonded 00398.51 325 length. Start at the far end of the drill hole and fill to the extent shown. Record the quantity of grout and grout pressures. Allow the first placement of grout to cure fully before tensioning or applying any load. Conduct proof testing of each bolt as described in 00398.50(b)(3). Within 24 hours of tensioning the Rock bolt, fill the remainder of the drill hole with grout using a tremie tube. Check the grout level within 24 hours of completing the second stage grouting, and top off with additional grout using a tremie tube as necessary to fill t he annular space. After testing and grouting, cut off any excess bolt length so that no more than 3 inches extends beyond the nut. Treat the cut steel according to 02530.71.
a calibrated hollow ram hydraulic jack. Hold that tension for a minimum of 10 minutes. Any loss of load during the 10- minute time period will result in failure of the test. If a bolt fails this test, the bol t will be rejected. Install, at no additional cost to the Agency, a replacement bolt in a separate hole adjacent to the failed bolt, and repeat the test. The Engineer may require additional proof testing if any bolt fails.
mix in the drill hole according to the manufacturer's recommendations. After installation of the plate and nut, torque the nut to a no minal 100 foot-pounds to ensure proper seating against the Rock surface. Conduct proof testing of Rock Reinforcing Dowels as described in 00398.50(c)(2) . After testing, cut off any excess bolt length so that no more than 3 inches extends beyond the nut. Treat the cut steel according to 02530.71.
than three dowels. T he Engineer will interpret the results. Tension the Rock Reinforcing Dowel to 10 kips with a calibrated hollow ram hydraulic jack. Hold the load for 10 minutes with no loss of load. A Rock Reinforcing Dowel will be considered to have failed if any movement of the dowel occurs. The Engineer may require additional proof testing if any Rock Reinforcing Dowel fails. Replace failed dowels with a new dowel installed in a separate hole, at no additional cost to the Agency .
00398.51Flexible Rockfall Barrier Systems - Provide for a representative (the "Field
Representative") from the proprietary fl exible rockfall barrier system vendor or manufacturer to be present at the start of system construction. Before beginning Work involving the flexible Rockfall barrier system, the Contractor's supervisory personnel, together with any Subcontractors and their supervisory personnel who are to be involved in the flexible Rockfall barrier system installation Work, and the representative from the proprietary flexible rockfall barrier system vendor or manufacturer shall meet with the Engineer for a flexible rockfall barrier system preconstruction conference at a time mutually agreed upon. If all invitees are not in attendance, reschedule the flexible rockfall barrier system preconstruction conference for the start of system construction. Ensure that the Field Representative is available as needed during the construction of the flexible rockfall barrier system to pro vide instructions and recommendations, and to assist the Contractor or Engineer. Follow instructions and recommendations of the Field R epresentative, as approved by the Engineer.
00398.52 326 00398.52 Anchored Wire Mesh Slope Protection - Install high tensile stren gth steel mesh at the locations shown.
with the ground surface and prevent bridging on exposed vegetation or Boulders between Anchor Nails.
shown, to the extent practicable. Provide a minimum of 5 feet mesh coverage above the crest of the cut slope to fully accommodate a minimum of one row of Anchor Nails. Extend the lateral coverage of the anchored wire mesh slope system to provide a minimum of 6 feet of mesh coverage onto adjacent Soil cut, Rock , or undisturbed ground. Where installations terminate near road grade, hold the bottom of the mesh 5 feet above the Roadside ditch. Adjust final row nail spacing to properly secure the bottom of the mesh. During installation, temporarily secure the mesh at the top of the slope, as needed, to facilitate installation. Construct any required temporary anchoring accor ding to the Contractor’s approved work plan.
Install Boundary Rope anchors as shown and according to 00398.43(a) and 00398.44(a). Centralizers and pullout testing are not required for Boundary Rope anchors.
No Equipment operation is allowed on slope areas that have been covered with mesh.
Connect adjacent mesh panels as shown, using connection clips. Diagonal cutting of the high tensile strength mesh is not allowed. If needed, use spreading tools obtained from the manufacturer to facilitate the passage of drill bits through the mesh openings.
Adjust the final constructed pattern to fit the slope shape and stabilization requirements, as directed. Determine the type of Anchor Nail (predrilled or self -drilling) appropriate for the subsurface conditions encountered. Document the nail type i nstalled at each location and provide this documentation to the Engineer when requested.
Maintain a driller’s log for each Anchor Nail installation, recording relative Rock hardness, drilling rate, and groundwater conditions. Provide driller’s log to the Engineer on a weekly basis. For nails to be installed in predrilled holes, drill a nominal 3- inch diameter hole perpendicular to the slope surface. Over -drill each hole a minimum of 6 inches beyond the required length of the nail.
Grout the nails by pl acing grout through a tremie tube attached to the side of the nail until the grout is approximately 8 inches below the ground surface.
For self -drilling nails, use the sacrificial drill bit to advance the nail to the prescribed depth. Inject cement grout as the nail is advanced, in order to fully encapsulate the nail.
For installations through Soil, excavate a nominal 14- inch diameter by 8-inch deep hole around each nail head to accommodate the diamond plate and to ensure optimal load transfer from the nail head to the mesh.
Clean grout remnants from the threads of the nail so that proper tensioning can be achieved. Install Spike Plates, washers, nuts and associated hardware according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and as shown.
00398.80 327 (d) Anchor Nail Proof Testing - Once the cement grout has achieved its initial set at three Days, install the Spike Plate and nut, and tension each A nchor Nail to the load capacity shown. After 10 minutes, test the tension in the Anchor Nail with the calibrated torque wrench for use as part of the approved work plan submittal. If a nail fails this test, replace the nail with an additional nail installed in a separate hole. If testing indicates that the required tension cannot be achieved, increase drill hole depth or diameter as required to obtain a successful test.
After testing, cut off any excess nail, so that no more than 3 inches extends beyond the nut. Treat the cut steel according to 02530.71.
geometry. Obtain the Engineer’s approval of supplemental Anchor Nail locations. Install and test supplemental Anchor Nails as described above. Supplemental Anchor Nails do not replace pattern Anchor Nails and will not be accepted as replacements for rejected pattern Anchor Nails.
Measurement
00398.80Measurement - The quantities of W ork performed under this Section will be measured
according to the following:
the slope, for installed wire mesh fabric, or cable net, as appropriate, installed:
Gabion Wire Mesh Slope Protection High Tensile Strength Wire Mesh Slope Protection Anchored Wire Mesh Slope Protection Post-Supported Wire Mesh Slope Protection Cable Net Slope Protection
end posts along the line and grade of each separate run:
Barrier mounted Rock protection Flexible rockfall barrier system Rock protection screen behind barrier and guardrail
The following will be measured on the length basis, along the full embedded and protruding length of the bolt or dowel:
Rock Reinforcing Bolts Rock Reinforcing Dowels
00398.90 328 Payment
00398.90Payment - The accepted quantities of Work performed under this Section will be paid for
at the Contract unit price, per unit of measurement, for the following items:
Pay Item Unit of Measurement
Item ( g) includes the concrete barrier. Item (k) includes supplemental Anchor Nails approved according to 00398.52(e).
Payment will be payment in full for furnishing and placing all Materials, and for furnishing all Equipment , labor, and Incidentals necessary to complete the W ork as specified.
No separate or additional payment will be made for :
proof testing coatings Slope Protection Anchors Anchor Nails replacement anchors wire rope concrete grout steel posts and braces miscellaneous hardware