00735.10 735 Section 00735 - Emulsified Asphalt Concrete Pavement
Description
00735.00Scope - This Work consists of constructing an Emulsified Asphalt Concrete (EAC)
Pavement composed of Aggregate and Emulsified Asphalt , plant mixed into a uniformly coated mixture, spread on a prepared Base , covered with choke Aggregate, and compacted to the lines, grades, thicknesses, and Cross Sections shown or established.
00735.05Precrushing and Prepaving Conferences:
who are to be involved in Aggregate crushing of EAC Aggregates shall meet with the Engineer at a mutually agreed time, to discuss methods of accomplishing all phases of the crushing Work . The Crusher Supervisor and the Contractor's CAgT shall attend the meeting.
any Subcontractors who are to be involved in the paving Work , shall meet with the Engineer at a mutually agreed time to discuss methods of accomplishing all phases of the paving Work .
Materials
00735.10Aggregates - Furnish Aggregates for EAC meeting the following requirements:
the entire screen deck (after it has passed through the primary crusher if quarry Rock is used). The material remaining may be accepted for use by visual inspection. The Engineer may perform verification testing of the gradation. The Material shall meet the following:
Sieve Size Percent P assing (by Weight)
4" 95 - 100 3/4" 5 Max.
12 percent when subjected to five cycles of the soundness test using sodium sulfate solution according to AASHTO T 104.
Test Method Maximum Test ODOT AASHTO Values
Abrasion T 96 30.0% Degradation ( Coarse Aggregate) Passing No. 20 Sieve TM 208 30.0% Sediment Height TM 208 3.0"
Aggregate to provide at least two fractured faces on 90 percent of the material retained on a 1/4 inch sieve, and one fractured face on 75 percent of the material ret ained on a No. 8 sieve.
00735.11 736 (e) Harmful Substances - Provide EAC Aggregates meeting the following harmful substances requirements:
Test Method Test ODOT AASHTO Limits
Lightweight Pieces T 113 1.0% maximum Wood Particles TM 225 0.1% maximum Elongated Pieces ( Coarse Aggregate at a ratio of 5:1) TM 229 10.0% maximum Cleanness Value TM 227 75 minimum
grading of EAC Aggregate conforming to the following:
Leveling or Patching Percent Passing Percent Passing Sieve Size (by Weight) (by Weight)
1" 100 3/4" 95 - 100 100 1/2" 60 - 90 95 - 100 1/4" 15 - 30 15 - 40 No. 8 0 - 7 0 - 10 No. 200 0.0 - 2.0 0.0 - 2.0 No. 200 * 0.0 - 1.0 0.0 - 1.0
* in gravels
If the Aggregates are produced in two or more separate sizes, the gradation of the blended sizes shall conform to the above grading requirements.
segregation, as much as possible, when stockpiling and removing the Aggregate.
00735.11Emulsified Asphalt - Furnish CM S-2, CMS -2S, or HFMS-2 Emulsified Asphalt meeting
the requirements of ODOT's publication Standard Specifications for Asphalt Materials . Copies of the publication are available from the ODOT Pavement Services Engineer. The applicable Specifications are those contained in the current publication on the date the Project is advertised. The materials may be conditionally accepted at the source or point of loading for transport to the Project. Acceptance of the selected Emulsified Asphalt is subject to the production of a suitable JMF.
Excessive delay in the use of the Emulsified Asphalt or excessive pumping of the Emulsified Asphalt may significantly reduce the viscosity and may make the material unsuitable for EAC use. Limit pumping between the bulk storage tank, hauling transportation, field storage tanks, and plant to an absolute minimum to maintain viscosity. Obtain Emulsified Asphalt samples according to AASHTO R 66 and Section 00165 . Samples will be tested at the ODOT Materials Laboratory, or other laboratory as designated by the Agency, within 30 Calendar Days from the Day the sample was taken.
00735.13Job Mix Formula - Provide a mixture comprised of Aggregate and Emulsified Asphalt in
the proportions established in the job mix formula (JMF). The Emulsified Asphalt content shall be between 5.0 and 8.0 percent, by weight, of the total Aggregate. Vary the proportions of materials as directed. 00735.15 737 The CMDT shall prepare, sign and submit a JMF and samples to the Engineer for each mixture required at least 10 Calendar Days prior to anticipated use in EAC, and according to the latest copy of the ODOT Contractor Mix Design Guidelines for Asphalt Concrete. Furnish representative samples of material to be used in the mixture as follows:
Material Amount
New Coarse Aggregate 55 pounds Emulsified Asphalt Cement 4 quarts in 1 quart plastic containers Provide a JMF meeting the following mixture requirements:
EAC Mixture
Air Voids, % 15 - 30 according to AASHTO T 269* IRS Report according to ODOT TM 313* Percent Coating 90% minimum
* AASHTO T 269 and ODOT TM 313 procedures available from ODOT Materials Laboratory.
00735.14Choke Aggregate - Furnish choke Aggregate meeting the gradation below. Perform sieve
analysis according to AASHTO T 27. Use crushed or uncrushed Rock free of Clay, loam or other harmful substances. Percent Passing Sieve Size (by Weight)
3/8" 100 1/4" 90 - 100 No. 8 30 - 66 No. 30 8 - 28 No. 100 0 - 5
00735.15Aggregate Production Quality Control - Provide sampling, testing, and quality control
during production of EAC Aggregate according to Section 00165.
Evaluate EAC Aggregates for conformance according to the following:
specification Aggregate when the Pay Factor (PF) for each sieve size calculated according to 00165.40 is equal to or greater than 1.00. Each required sample represents a sublot.
When the results from Table 00165-2 yield a Pay Factor of less than 1.00 for any sieve size, the material is non-specification. The Engineer will reject any stockpile of Aggregate containing non-specification material unless the non -specification material is removed from the stockpile. Do not add additional material to such a stockpile until enough non-specification material is removed so that the PF for each sieve size is equal to or greater than 1.00.
failing Material from the stockpile whenever a quality control test result, other than sieve analysis, does not meet Specifications. Document operational adjustments made and not ify the Engineer prior to resuming production.
00735.16 738 (c) Preproduced Aggregate - Compliance of Aggregates produced and stockpiled before the Award of this Contract will be determined by either of the following methods:
Continuing production records meeting the requirements of 00735.10, 00735.14, and 00735.15. Sampling according to AASHTO R 90 and Section 00165. The Material shall meet the requirements of 00735.10, 00735.14, and 00735.15.
00735.16Acceptance of Aggregate - The Contractor 's quality control tests will be used for
acceptance of EAC Aggregates if verified by the Q uality Assurance Program. The Agency will perform Aggregate production quality assurance according to the following.
be performed according to Section 00165.
projects administered by other Agencies will be at the discretion of the Agency or as designated in the Special Provisions.
00735.17EAC Mixture Production Quality Control - Provide quality control during production of
EAC mixture according to Section 00165 and the following:
• Providing at least one CAT -I full -time at each plant site used to furnish mixture to the Project. • Obtaining samples under the direct supervision of a CAT -I. • Having all testing, data analysis and reporting of test results performed by a CAT -I.
site furnished with the necessary Equipment and supplies for performing Contractor quality control testing. The laboratory shall be on- site and operational prior to the beginning of EAC production. Provide laboratory Equipment meeting the requirements of the test methods identified in the Specifications. Calibrate all testing Equipment according to the required test methods. The Engineer may inspect measuring and testing devices to confir m both calibration and condition.
be witnessed and documented by a CAT -I. Do not begin production until calibration tests indicate that the specified proportions can be obtained.
EAC mixture production according to Section 00165.
00735.18Acceptance of EAC Mixture - The Contractor's quality control tests will be used for
acceptance of EAC mixture if verified by the Q uality Assurance Program. The Agency will perform EAC mixture production quality assurance according to the following:
be performed according to Section 00165. 00735.22 739
projects administered by other Agencies will be at the discretion of the Agency or as designated in the Special Provisions.
Equipment
00735.20EAC Mixing Plant - Mix the EAC at a plant capable of providing a mix of Aggregate and
Emulsified Asphal t of uniform proportions and consistency as designated.
Provide mixing plants with the following operating Equipment :
• A positive control linking the Aggregate and Emulsified Asphalt feed so that a constant ratio of Emulsified Asphalt to Aggregate is maintained. • Totalizers for the Emulsified Asphalt metering device and the Aggregate scales. • A metering device that can determine percent of Emulsified Asphalt in mixture at any time the plant is in operation. • An adjustable Emulsified Asphalt spray bar.
Provide and operate a mechanical sampling device that produces a representative sample of the quantity of Material required for the appropriate tests, when sampling at or around crushing, screening, mixing plants, conveyors, or other similar mec hanical Equipment .
Proportion the Aggregate by weight. Proportion the Emulsified Asphalt by either weight or metering. Provide Equipment capable of feeding and maintaining a constant rate of Aggregate within a tolerance of plus or minus 5 percent, by wei ght, of the designated amount, and feeding a constant rate of Emulsified Asphalt within ± 0.5 percent, by weight, of the designated amount.
00735.21Hauling Equipment - Provide hauling vehicles in good operating condition with tight,
clean, metal beds a nd a cover. Equip beds of hauling vehicles with a positive system to prevent Materials from leaking onto the surfaces over which the hauling vehicle travels. If leakage occurs, remove any spilled material and repair any damage according to 00170.85.
Coat the beds with a minimum amount of an approved material to keep the EAC from sticking to the beds. Do not use diesel oil. Drain excess coating material before loading by raising the truck bed, opening belly dump gates, or operating the conveyor belt, as appropriate.
Do not use vehicles that cause segregation or delay operations.
00735.22EAC Pavers - Provide EAC pavers meeting the following requirements:
which contact the mixture being placed.
necessary, which:
• Can spread and finish EAC to a uniform texture, in the specified widths, thicknesses, lines, grades, and Cross Sections. • Will not segregate, tear, shove, or gouge EAC. • Produce a finished surface to specified evenness and texture.
00735.23 740 • Controls EAC placement to specified Slope and grade. • Maintains the paver screed in proper position. • Provides specified results through mechanical sensors and sensor -directed devices actuated from independent line and grade control references.
00735.23Compactors - Provide self -propelled, steel -wheeled and pneumatic -tired rollers capable
of reversing without backlash according to the following:
• A gross static weight of at least 8 T ons. • A gross static weight of at least 6 T ons for finish rolling.
• Be tandem, or multiple axle, multiple wheel type. • Have smooth-tread, pneumatic tires of equal size. • Have tires staggered on the axles, spaced and overlapped to provide uniform compacting pressure for the full compacting width. • Have a minimum load of 2,800 pounds per tire with tire inflation pressures of 45 psi to 90 psi.
00735.24Chip Spreaders - Provide self -propelled chip spreaders equipped with a mechanical
device that will spread the Aggregate at a uniform rate across the full width of the chip spreaders. Provide chip spreaders of adequate width to provide full C overage of the specified Pan el.
00735.25Power Brooms - Provide pickup or non-pickup power brooms that have a positive means
to control vertical pressure.
00735.26Release Agents - Do not use diesel oil as a release agent to coat or clean Equipment at
the mixing plant, or on hauling Equipment beds or compactors.
Labor
00735.30Quality Control Personnel - Provide technicians having CAgT, CAT -I, and CMDT
technical certifications.
Construction
00735.40Season and W eather Limitations - Place EAC from May 1 to August 31, inclusive, when
the Pavement temperature i s 60 °F or above. Seasonal limitations for EAC will not supersede seasonal limitations for Emulsified Asphalt chip seals on the Project.
Do not place EAC:
• When the underlying layer is frozen. • During rain or other adverse weather conditions.
Correct mixtures damaged by weather by milling and replacement or other approved methods at no additional cost to the Agency.
00735.45 741 00735.41 Rate of Progress and Scheduling - Do not begin Work until there is enough mixing, hauling, spreading and compacting Equipment on the Project to assure that the paving machine can place the EAC without stopping, as nearly as possible.
00735.42Preparation of Underlying Surfaces - Clean all deleterious material, dirt and dust from
existing and new B ases, Surfacings, and Pavements in a manner acceptable to the Engineer.
Bring the existing surface to uniformity by Patching irregular or depressed surfaces and potholes with EAC thoroughly compacted until it conforms with the surrounding surface. Prepare individual potholes for Patching by cutting the edges vertically to the depth of the deepest portion of the hole.
When designated in the Plans or Special Provisions, place Leveling Courses of EAC on existing Pavements before constructing the final paving Course. Perform the Leveling Work to the lines and grades established. Place Leveling Material with either a paving machine or motor grader as directed. Apply a tack coat to the existing surface according to Section 00730 prior to placing EAC.
00735.43Mixing:
Use the temperature of the Emulsified Asphalt cement recommended by the Supplier .
moisture content adequate to allow distribution of the emulsion, but not so great that moisture or emulsion runs from the mixture. Provide special processing necessary to attain an acceptable moisture content at no additional cost to the Agency.
when there are no apparent moisture problems.
moisture shall be the saturated surface dry (SSD) moisture content for the Aggregate submitted for the JMF, as determined by AASHTO T 84 and AASHTO T 85.
00735.44Control of Grade - Use a floating beam device of adequate length and sensitivity on either
or both sides of the paver to provide adequate reference to control the grade of the paver.
Where this method is impractical, manual control of grade for the paver will be allowed when approved.
00735.45Hauling, Depositing, and Placing:
operation of the paving machine, except for unavoidable delay or breakdown. If excessive stopping of the paving machine occurs during paving operations, the Engineer may suspend paving operations until the Contractor matches the delivery rate of mixture with the capacity of the paving machine.
If rain or cold weather conditions are encountered any time between loading and placement:
• Suspend mixing operations. • Cover the mixture in transit. • Do not place mixture that is in transit until conditions improve, unless placed at Contractor's risk according to 00735.40. 00735.46 742 • Take action to prevent emulsion run-off from entering drainage channels or facilities.
The EAC will be rejected before placing if it is found to be:
• Segregating or separating. • Solidifying or crusting. Work with the Engineer to make appropriate adjustments if an excessive amount of Emulsified Asphalt is leaking from trucks.
No more EAC will be accepted until corr ective action has been taken.
Dispose of rejected loads at no additional cost to the Agency.
is prevented. Alternate methods of depositing may be used if specified in the Special Provisions or allowed by the Engineer.
Provide pick -up Equipment that can:
• Pick up substantially all of the Material deposited on the Roadway . • Be self -supporting, not exert any vertical load on the paving machine, or cause vibrations or other motions which could have a detrimental effect on the riding quality of the completed Pavement .
of 00735.22. Spread and finish to established widths, thickness, line, grade and Cross Section .
When approved, the EAC may be spread with other Equipment and means where irregularities or obstacles make the use of specified Equipment impractica ble.
00735.46Compaction - Compact the EAC as follows:
remedied roll it uniformly until compacted as specified.
type and weight to compact the mixture while it is in a workable condition. Operate rollers at a uniform speed not more than 3 mph, with the drive roll or wheels nearest the paver. Begin rolling at the sides and proceed longitudinally, parallel to the road centerline, and gradually progressing towards the center, unless otherwise directed. On superelevated curves, begin rolling at the low side and progress to the high side. When paving in echelon, or when abutting a previously paved lane, roll the longitudinal joint first, followed by the regular rolling pattern.
Do not make sharp turns or park rollers on the EAC. Stop each Pass at least 5 feet longitudinally from preceding stops. Do not displace the line and grade of edges. Prevent the EAC from sticking to the wheels and spotting or defacing the EAC by wetti ng them with a minimum of water or other approved material.
rollers. Make at least three complete roller C overages.
00735.48 743 (2) Intermediate Rolling - Use a self -propelled, pneumatic -tired roller following the placement of choke Aggregate according to 00735.47. Make at least two complete roller C overages with the pneumatic -tired roller immediately following application of choke Aggregate.
marks are eliminated.
Compact ar eas inaccessible to rollers with mechanical tampers as directed.
00735.47Choke Aggregate - Provide at least two choke Aggregate trucks. After breakdown
compaction and before intermediate compaction, place choke Aggregate with a chip spreader capable of obtaining a rate between 0.003 to 0.006 cubic yard per square yard.
If Aggregate ravels or picks from the fresh EAC Pavement during rolling operations or after opening to traffic, cover immediately with additional choke Aggregate and roll with a tandem -wheeled steel roller, unless otherwise directed. Be prepared to place additional choke Aggregate for a period of 48 hours after the fresh EAC Pavement is open to traffic. Spread excess Aggregate uniformly across the fresh EAC Pavement by brooming or other suitable means.
00735.48Longitudinal Joints - Bond, compact and finis h the new EAC at longitudinal joints equal
to the EAC against which it is placed.
minimum. Offset the longitudinal joints in one Panel by at least 6 inches from t he longitudinal joints in the Panel immediately below.
or within 12 inches of the center of a lane, except in irregular areas, unless otherwise shown.
or width of a Traffic Lane, as shown or as directed. On Median lanes and on Shoulder areas, construct joints only at lane lines or at points of change in the transv erse slopes, as shown or as directed.
• Provide warning signs and markings according to Sections 00221, 00222, 00224 and 00225 where abrupt or sloped edge drop-offs greater than 1 inch in height occur. • Protect edges from being broken down. • If unable to complete the Pavement without drop-offs according to 00735.48(c): • Construct and maintain a wedge of EAC at a Slope of 1V:10H or flatter along the exposed longitudinal joint. • Remove and dispose of the wedge before continuing paving operations. • Construct, maintain, remove, and dispose of the temporary wedge at no additional cost to the Agency. EAC for the temporary wedge will be paid for at the Contract unit price.
the nominal thickness being laid as follows or as required by the Special Provisions:
00735.49 744 (1) More Than 2 inches - Schedule Work so at the end of each working shift the full width of the area being paved, including Shoulders, is completed t o the same elevation with no longitudinal drop-offs.
working shift one Panel of new travel lane Pavement does not extend beyond the adjoining Panel of new travel lane Pavement more than the distance normally covered by each shift. At the end of each workweek complete the full width of the area to be paved, including Shoulders, to the same elevation with no longitudinal drop-offs.
00735.49Transverse Joints - Construct transverse joints according to the following:
Courses, except Leveling Courses, as follows:
the selected transverse joint location, and from that point wedge down on the appropriate Slope until it meets the surface beneath the EAC, assuming a Pavement Course thickness of 2 inches, as follows:
• For wedges that will be under traffic for less than 24 hours, the wedge length shall be 8 feet (1V:50H taper rate). • For wedges that will be under traffic for 24 hours or longer, the wedge length shall be 25 feet (1V:160H taper rate).
When the Pavement Course thickness is different than the above 2 inch example, use the appropriate taper rate to compute the length of the wedge. The wedge length plus the 5 feet or longer Panel form the "temporary end Panel".
• Provide a smooth, vertical face the full depth of the Course being laid at the location selected for the j oint by sawing, cutting or other approved methods. • Remove EAC material from the joint to the end of the Panel. If removed before resuming paving beyond the joint, reconstruct the temporary end Panel immediately by placing a bond-breaker of paper, dust or other suitable material against the vertical face and on the surface to be occupied by the temporary end Panel. Construct a full -depth Panel at least 5 feet long, beginning at the sawed or cut joint, and taper it according to 00735.49(a)(2) to zero thickness.
remainder of EAC as directed. Payment will be made for the entire load of EAC, but will be limited to one load only per joint per P anel.
any bond- breakers. Clean the surface of all debris and apply a tack coat to the vertical edge and the surface to be paved.
with a straightedge placed across the joint, provide a joint surface meeting specified surface tolerances.
00735.70 745 (b) Abutting Bridge Ends - Compact the EAC abutting bridge ends, and other rigid type Structures, in the transverse or diagonal direction, as well as longitudinally, as directed.
Maintenance
00735.60Correction of Defects - Correct all defects in Material and Work , as directed, at no
additional cost to the Agency. Defects include segregation of Materials, non- uniform texture and fouled surfaces preventing full bond between successive spreads of mixture. No adjustment in Contract Time will be made for corrective w ork.
and addition of fresh mixture when required, regardless of thickness.
area a ll EAC that:
• Is loose, broken or mixed with dirt. • Shows visually too much or too little asphalt. • Is defective in any way.
If a seal coat is required by the Special Provisions, or if directed, remove and replace the EAC that contains defects, excesses, or deficiencies prior to placing the seal coat at no additional cost to the Agency.
00735.61Brooming - Remove loose choke Aggregate by carefully brooming the entire surface. Do
this as directed by the Engineer, unless brooming damages the new EAC Pavement .
Subsequent brooming the following 2 D ays may b e directed by the Engineer to ensure that the surface is free of loose Aggregate that could cause vehicle damage.
In curbed areas, use a pick up type power broom. On Bridges, sidewalks and other areas off the Roadway, remove all loose Aggregates to the s atisfaction of the Engineer.
00735.62Curing - After each Lift of EAC has been placed, allow the EAC to cure a minimum
of 72 hours after laydown or as directed, before placing the next Lift of EAC.
Finishing and Cleaning Up
00735.70Pavement Smoothness - Furnish a 12 -foot stra ightedge or a 12-foot rolling straightedge
and test as specified. Additional testing may be required. Mark areas not meeting the surface tolerance. Perform Pavement smoothness testing immediately after initial brooming of choke Aggregate.
to the centerline, as directed. The Pavement surface shall not vary by more than 1/4 inch.
is placed according to 00735.70(a).
Test the wearing Course of EAC with the rolling straightedge in the designated wheel path of a 0.1 mile strip of each travel lane per mile, where directed, and on each transverse joint throughout 00735.71 746 the Project. Operate the rolling straightedge parallel to the centerline. The surface shall not vary more than 0.015 foot.
Also test the wearing Course of EAC with a 12 -foot straightedge placed perpendicular to the centerline at least once within the above-mentioned 0.1 mile strip. It shall not vary by more than 1/4 inch. If the 0.1 mile testing strip meets the Specifications, no further testing of the mile represented by the testing strip will be required, except at the transverse joints. If any part of the testing strip does not meet the Specifications, both wheel paths of the entire mile shall be tested.
00735.71Correction of Pavement Roughness - Correct Equipment or paving operation
immediately when tests show the Pavement smoothness is not meeting the tolerance in 00735.70.
Correct the surface roughness to the required tolerances by a means acceptable to the Engineer. Complete correction of all surface roughness within 14 Calendar Days following notification unless otherwise directed at no additional cost to the Agency.
00735.72Fog Coat - After the EAC has cured at least 14 Calendar Days, apply a fog coat to the
EAC surface according to Section 00705. Place the fog coat at least 1 Day prior to placing a single or multiple application chip seal if a chip seal is required by the Special Provisions.
00735.73Emulsified Asphalt Chip Seal - After the EAC has been placed and has cured at least
14 Calendar Days, apply a single or multiple application Emulsified Asphalt chip seal according to Section 00710 or Section 00715 if required by the Special Provisions.
Measurement
00735.80Measurement - The quantities of EAC will be measured on the weight basis. No deduction
will be made for the weight of the Emulsified Asphalt used in the EAC.
The quantities of Emulsified Asphalt in the EAC will be measured on the weight basis.
The quantities of choke Aggregate will be measured on the weight basis, or on the volume basis in the hauling vehicle.
Payment
00735.90Payment - The accepted quantities of Work performed under this Section will be paid for
at the Contract unit price, per unit of measurem ent, for the following items:
Pay Item Unit of Measurement
Item (d) applies when EAC is used in Leveling, Patching, or Leveling and Patching. Item (e) applies to EAC that is furnished by the Agency and hauled and placed by the Contractor.
00735.90 747 Item (f) applies to choke Aggregate that is furnished by the Agency and hauled and placed by the Contractor.
Payment will be payment in full for furnishing and placing all Materials, and for furnishing all Equipment , labor, and Incidentals necessary to complete the Work as specified.
No separate or additional payment will be made for water used in brooming operations.