02560.00 1120 Section 02560 - Fasteners
Description
02560.00Scope - This Section includes the requirements for fasteners
02560.05Geometry - Bolt or rod length used shall be such that the end of the bolt or rod extends
beyond or is at least flush with the outer face of the nut when properly installed.
Materials
02560.10Carbon Steel Fasteners :
equivalent:
Plain (Noncoated) Bolts:
• 1/4" - 1 1/2" - ASTM A563, Grade A, hex • Over 1 1/2" - 4" - ASTM A563, Grade A, heavy hex
Galvanized Bolts:
• All - ASTM A563, Grade A, C, D, or DH, heavy hex
02560.20High -Strength Fasteners :
High-strength bolts shall conform to the requirements of the following:
Heavy Hex Head:
• ASTM F3125, Grade A325
Twist -Off:
• ASTM F3125, Grade F1852
equivalent:
Type 1 Plain (Noncoated) Bolts:
• All - Heavy hex ASTM A563, Grade C, D, or DH
Type 1 Galvanized Bolts:
• All - Heavy hex ASTM A563, Grade DH Type 3 Bolts:
• All - Heavy hex ASTM A563, Grade C3 or DH3
02560.40 1121 (c) Washers - Washers for high-strength bolts shall conform to ASTM F436. Use Type 3 washers with Type 3 bolts.
mechanically galvanized, conforming to ASTM F959. Adjust bolt lengths to accommodate both direct tension indicators and hardened washers.
the appropriate AASHTO/ASTM specifications and with a symbol identifying the manufacturer.
02560.30Tie Rods, Anchor Bolts, and Anchor Rods :
rods shall conform to: AASHTO M 314, Grade 36 or 55; ASTM F1554, Grade 36 or 55.
bolts, and anchor rods shall conform to: AASHTO M 314, Grade 105; ASTM F1554, Grade 105; or ASTM A449, Type 1. End stamp all ASTM F1554, Grade 105 according to ASTM F1554 Supplementary Requirements S2 and S3. If the end of the bolt is to be embedded in concrete, the projecting end from the concrete shall be the marked end.
following, or equivalent:
Plain Steel Tie Rods, Anchor Bolts, and Anchor Rods:
• All - Heavy hex ASTM A563, Grade A
Galvanized Steel Tie Rods, Anchor Bolts, and Anchor Rods:
• All - Heavy hex ASTM A563, Grade A, C, D, or DH Plain Or Galvanized High-Strength Tie Rods, Anchor Bolts, or Anchor Rods:
• All - Heavy hex ASTM A563, Grade DH
02560.40Galvanizing and Coating :
mechanically deposit zinc to Grade F1852 fasteners according to ASTM F3125.
anchor bolts, anchor rods, nuts, washers and carbon fasteners according to ASTM F2329 as appropriate to the product.
Over tap nuts for galvanized fasteners, galvanized tie rods, galvanized anchor bolts, and galvanized anchor rods according to ASTM A563.
Measure the zinc thickness on the wrench flats or top of bolt head of galvanized bolts and on the wrench flats of galvanized nuts.
02560.60 1122 (c) Direct Tension Indicators - When specified , apply mechanically deposited zinc according to ASTM F959 .
ASTM A780. Minimum zinc content for Method A2 is 94 percent on the dry film.
Testing
02560.60Testing :
anchor rods, according to Method 1 or 2 below, as applicable. Perform the test on coated or galvanized fasteners after coating, galvanizing, oversize tapping and lubricating. Use nuts from those supplied with the bolts for the job. Use washers for this testing. Repeat the rotational capacity test at the Project Site prior to installation to verify the effectiveness of the lubricant. The rotational capacity test is not required for lock -pin and collar fasteners. Use Method 1 for long bolts and Method 2 for short bolts.
Test each combination of bolt production lot, nut lot and washer lot as an assembly. Assign a rotational capacity lot number to each combination of lots tested. The minimum frequency of testing shall be two assemblies per rotational capacity lot. The test shall meet one of the following requirements:
indicating direct bolt tension. Use spacers or washers with the hole size the same nominal diameter as the hole in the washer for the fastener to be tested. Allow three to five full threads of the bolt to be exposed between the bearing surfaces of the bolt head and the nut. Tighten the nut to a snug-tight condition to produce an initial load in the bolt equal to 10 percent of the tension required in Table 00560 -1 of Section 00560. Mark the nut's position relative to the fixed bolt for this snug-tight position. Tighten the nut using a calibrated torque wrench and record the measured torque with the nut in motion to reach the tension required by Table 00560-1.
The above measured torque to produce the required bolt tensions shall not exceed the torque value calculated by the foll owing equation:
T = 0.25 PD
Where: T = Torque in foot pounds P = Measured Bolt Tension in pounds D = Nominal Bolt Diameter in feet Reject assemblies with torque values exceeding the calculated value.
Continue to tighten the nut until the nut has turned twice the rotation shown in Table 00560- 3 of shall not be less than 1.15 times the tension shown in Table 00560-1. Reject assemblies not meeting this t ension.
Loosen and remove the nut. Examine the threads on the nut and bolt. Reject assemblies showing evidence of thread shear failure, stripping or torsional failure of the bolt.
be tested in a steel joint.
02560.70 1123 Place the lubricated fastener including a washer in one or more flat structural steel plates. The total thickness including the washer shall be such that three to five full threads of the bolt ar e located between the bearing surfaces of the bolt head and the nut. The hole in the joint shall have the same nominal diameter as the hole in the washer. Using a calibrated torque wrench, tighten the nut to a snug-tight condition to produce an initial t orque in the bolt equal to approximately 10 percent of the torque calculated using the equation given in Method 1 above where P shall be the minimum tension in the bolt according to Table 00560-1 of Section 00560. Mark the nut's position relative to the f ixed bolt for this snug tight position. Using the calibrated torque wrench, further tighten the nut until the nut has turned the rotation shown in Table 00560- 3 of Section 00560 from its snug-tight position mark. Prevent the bolt head from turning during the tightening process. Record the measured torque with the nut in motion. The measured torque shall not exceed 1.15 times the torque value calculated in the preceding step of Method 2. Reject assemblies with torque values exceeding the calculated value.
Tighten the nut further until the nut has turned twice the rotation shown in Table 00560-3 from its snug -tight position mark. Reject assemblies which fail this rotation either by stripping or fracture.
Loosen and remove the nut. Examine the threads on the nut and bolt. Reject assemblies showing evidence of thread shear failure, stripping or torsional failure of the bolt.
container. If there is only one rotational capacity test lot for each size of bolt, the bolts, nuts and washers may be shipped in separate containers. Permanently mark each container with the rotational capacity test lot number to enable identification at any stage before installation.
Test bolts according to ASTM F606, Method 1, and nuts according to ASTM F606, paragraph 4.2, with frequency of tests according to paragraph 9.3 of ASTM A563. Test galvanized bolts, rods, and nuts after galvanizing, overtapping and lubricating. Coated bolts, rods, and nuts may be tested before coating. Wedge test all bolts according to ASTM F606, paragraph 3.5, with frequency of testing according to ASTM F3125, Grade A325 or Grade F1852. Test galvanized bolts after galvanizing. Coated bolts may be tested before coating. Perform other tests called for on the Plans .
Provide certified test results for all tests required by the Specifications or the individual product specifications.
Provide three high- strength bolt assemblies per size per lot for check testing.
Provide one high-strength tie rod, one high-strength anchor bolt, and one high- strength anchor rod assembly per size per lot for check testing.
02560.70Lubricating Fasteners - Furnish all galvanized and coated fasteners with a factory applied
commercial water -soluble wax that contains a visible dye of a color that contrasts with the color of galvanizing or coating. Black fasteners shall be "oily" to the touch when installed. Field lubricate galvanized bolts in tapped holes, galvanized anchor rods, and galvanized tie rods with a lubricant from the QPL. Apply lubricant to threads and to bearing surfaces that will turn during installation. 02560.80 1124 Protect fasteners from dirt and moisture at the Project Site.
Retest heavy hex head fasteners that do not pass the field rotational capacity test. Clean and relubricate heavy hex head fasteners with a lubricant from the QPL prior to retesting. Relubric ation of Twist -Off fasteners is not permitted.