8−43806.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. Unless otherwise specified in the Special Provi- sions/Construction section of project specificati ons, "Timber Construction" will be measured by the number of thousand board feet actually placed in various parts of the completed structure in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. Computation of quantity will be based on the nominal commercial widths and thicknesses of the respective materials. 806.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. Unless otherwise specified in the Special Provisions/Construction section of project specifications, "Timber Construction" will be paid for at the contract unit price per thousand board feet as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment, including all lumber, preservative treatment, hardware, and all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer.
807.01 DESCRIPTION. This work consists of the construction of masonry structures and masonry
portions of composite structures of various types at the locations indicated on the Plans or as directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. 807.01.1 Cut Stone Masonry (Ashlar). Cut stone masonry or masonry veneer shall be dressed and tooled to fixed dimensions as indicated on the Pl ans or otherwise specifi ed, and shall be laid in range or random courses in a cement mortar bed.
807.01.2 Split Face Masonry . Split face masonry or veneer shall be composed of quarry stone
laid in range or random courses in a cement mortar bed; shall be substantially level and follow the pattern shown on the Plans. It shall include, unless otherwise specified, coping, quoin and belt stones shaped to line and grade. A reasonable proportion of the joints shall be splayed from the vertical as indicated. Split faced masonry may consist of a fascia wall one stone thick backed with concrete or constructed of solid stone masonry. 807.01.3 Rubble Masonry. Rubble masonry shall be composed of irregular stones laid as coursed or uncoursed rubble in a cement mortar bed. Rubble masonry may consist of either a fascia wall one stone thick backed with concrete or constructed of solid stone masonry. Rubble masonry shall be constructed in accordance with the applicable requirements of SECTION 911; STONE MASONRY WALLS , of these Specifications.
807.01.4 Dry Rubble Masonry. Dry rubble masonry shall be com posed of irregular stones laid as
coursed or uncoursed rubble without the use of cement mortar. Dry rubble masonry shall be constructed in accordance with the applicable requirements of SECTION 912; REMOVE AND REBUILD DRY STONE MASONRY WALLS , of these Specifications.
807.01.5 Concrete Block or Brick Masonry. Concrete block and brick masonry shall consist of concrete blocks or brick laid in cement mortar and may be unreinforced or reinforced with steel reinforcing. Block or brick pavements are not included under this designation.
8−44 807.02 MATERIALS.
807.02.1 Stone. Stone shall be the material indicated on the Plans and shall otherwise conform to
the applicable requirements of SECTION M.14 , of these Specifications.
807.02.2 Block and Brick.
a.Concrete Block. Unless otherwise specified in the Special Provisions or approved in writing by the Engineer, all concrete block for masonry construction shall be Type I moisture controlled units (Grade N-I) that meet the requirements of ASTM C90. The value of f' m shall be as shown on the Plans or as specified in the Special Provisions. Concrete block units should be protected from rain, snow, or other moisture during storage on or off the job site to assure that they will meet the Type I moisture requirements at the time they are placed in the construction.
b.Brick. Brick for masonry construction shall conform to the Specification for Building Brick (solid masonry units made from clay or shale) AASHTO M114 (ASTM C62), Concrete Building Brick (ASTM 55), or Solid Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units (ASTM 145). The type and grade of brick to be furnished shall be as shown on the Plans or as specified in the Special Provisions. The bricks shall have a fine-grained, uniform, and dense structure, free from lumps of lime, laminations, cracks, checks, soluble salts, or other defects which may in any way impair their strength, durability, appearance, or usefulness for the purpose intended. Bricks shall emit a clear, metallic ring when struck with a hammer. 807.02.3 Mortar. Mortar shall conform to the requirements of Subsection M.04.03.5, of these Specifications. 807.02.4 Lead, Dowels, and Cramps. Leaded joints, wrought iron and galvanized steel dowels or cramps shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.05 of these Specifications.
807.02.5 Concrete. Concrete backing of stone fascia walls shall be Class A(AE) and shall develop a minimum compression strength of 3,000 psi when tested at 28 days; and shall otherwise conform
to the applicable requirements of SECTION 601; PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE .
807.02.6 Reinforcing Steel. Reinforcing steel shall conform to the requirements of Subsection
M.05.01 of these Specifications.
807.02.7 Grout. Grout for filling voids in hollow masonry units shall conform either to the
requirements of ASTM C476 or the following requirements:
a.Fine Grout. For fine grout, if proportioned by volume, the cementitious materials shall consist of one part Portland cement to no more than 1/10 part hydrated lime or lime putty and the aggregates shall consist of sand in the amount of 2¼ to 3 times the total volume of cementitious materials.
b.Coarse Grout. For coarse grout, the proportions shall be the same as for fine grout except that coarse aggregate in the amount of 1 to 2 times the total volume of cementitious materials shall be added. Coarse aggregate shall be of either ½-inch or 3/8-inch maximum 8−45gradation.
807.02.8 Sampling and Testing. Sampling and testing shall be in accordance with the Rhode
Island Department of Transportation Project Schedule for the Sampling, Testing and Certification of Material and/or as modified by these Specifications. 807.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS .
807.03.1 Weather Limitations. Stone, brick or block masonry utilizing mortar or grout shall not be
constructed when the temperature is below 40 OF, when the respective units contain frost, or when the temperature is expected to drop below 40OF within 24 hours of placement, except with the written permission of the Engineer and subject to such conditions as he or she may require. Such permission and the use of the methods prescribed shall not release the Contractor from his obligation to build a satisfactory structure. All work damaged by cold weather shall be removed and replaced. In hot or dry weather, the masonry shall be satisfactorily protected from the sun and cured by keeping the masonry or its covering wet for a period of three days after completion. 807.03.2 Mixing of Mortar and Grout. The mortar and grout for masonry construction shall be proportioned as specified above in Subsections 807.02.3 and 807.02.7, respectively, of these Specifications. The mortar shall be hand or machine mixed, as may be required by the Engineer. In the preparation of hand-mixed mortar, the sand and cement shall be thoroughly mixed together in a clean, tight mortar box until the mixture is of uni form color, after which clean water shall be added in such quantity as to form a stiff plastic mass. Machine-mixed mortar shall be prepared in an approved mixer and shall be mixed not less than 3 minutes nor more than 10 minutes. Sufficient water shall be added to make the mortar of such consistency that it can be handled easily and spread with a trowel. Mortar and/or grout shall be mixed only in those quantities required for immediate use. Mortar not used within 45 minutes after water has been added or before initial set begins, whichever occurs first, shall be discarded. 807.03.3 Stone Masonry Construction.
a.Manufacture of Stone for Masonry.
1.General. Each stone shall be free from depressions and projections that might weaken it or prevent it from being properly bedded, and shall be of a shape to meet the requirements for the class of masonry specified. When no dimensions are shown on the Plans, t he stones shall be furnished in the sizes and face areas necessary to produce the general characteristics and appearance as indicated on the Plans. The thickness of courses, if varied, shall diminish regularly from bottom to top of wall. The size of ring stones in arches shall be as shown on the Plans. When headers are required, their lengths shall be not less than the width of bed of the 8−46 widest adjacent stretcher plus 12 inches.
2.Surface Finishes. For the purpose of this Specification the surface finishes of stone are defined as follows: Smooth-finished: Having a surface in which t he variations from the pitch line do not exceed 1/16-inch. Fine-finished: Having a surface in which the variations from the pitch line do not exceed 1/4-inch. Rough-finished: Having a surface in which the variations from the pitch line do not exceed ½-inch. Scabbled: Having a surface in which the variations from the pitch line do not exceed 3/4- inch. Rock-faced: Having an irregular projecting face without indications of tool marks. The projections beyond the pitch line shall not exceed 3 inches and no part of the face shall recede back of the pitch line.
3.Rubble Masonry.
a.Size. Individual stones shall have a thickness of not less than 8 inches and a width of not less than 1½ times the thickness. No stones, except headers, shall have a length less than 1½ times their width.
b.Shape. The stones shall be roughly squared on joints, beds, and faces. Selected stone, roughly squared and pitched to line, shall be used at all angles and ends of walls. If specified, all corners or angles in exterior surfaces shall be finished with a chisel draft. Bed surfaces of face stones shall be normal to the faces of the stones for about 3 inches and from this point may depart from normal not more than 2 inches in 12 inches. Joint surfaces of face stones shall form an angle with the bed surfaces of not less than 45 degrees. All shaping or dressing of stone shall be done before the stone is laid in the wall, and no dressing or hammering which will loosen the stone will be permitted after it is placed.
c.Dressing. Stone shall be dressed to remove any thin or weak portions. Face stones shall be dressed to provide bed and joint lines with a maximum variation from true line of 1½-inches unless otherwise indicated on the Plans or in the Special Provisions.
4.Ashlar Masonry.
a.Size. The individual stones shall be large and well proportioned. They shall not be less than 12 inches nor more than 30 inches in thickness.
b.Dressing. Stones shall be dressed to exact sizes and shapes before being laid and shall be cut to lie on their natural beds with top and bottom truly parallel. Hollow beds will not be 8−47permitted. The bottom bed shall be the full size of the stone and no stone shall have an over- hanging top. In rock-face construction the face side of any stone shall not present an undercut contour adjacent to its bottom arris giving a top-heavy, unstable appearance when laid. Beds of face stone shall be fine-finished for a depth of not less than 12 inches. Vertical joints of face stone shall be fine-finished and full to the square for a depth of not less than 9 inches. Exposed surfaces of the face stone shall be given the surface finish indicated on the Plans, with edges pitched to true lines and exact batter. Chisel drafts 1½-inches wide shall be cut at all exterior corners. Face stone forming the starling or nosing of piers shall be rough-finished unless otherwise specified. Holes for stone hooks shall not be permitted to show in exposed surfaces.
c.Stretchers. Stretchers shall have a width of bed or not less than 1½ times their thickness. They shall have a length of bed not less than twice nor more than 3½ times their thickness, and not less than 3 feet.
5.Arch Ring Stones. Arch ring stone joint surfaces shall be radial and at right angles to the front faces of the stones. They shall be dressed for a distance of at least 3 inches from the front faces and the soffits, from which points they may depart from a plane normal to the face not to exceed 3/4-inch to 12 inches. The back surface in contact with the concrete of the arch barrel shall be parallel to the front face and shall be dressed for a distance of 6 inches from the intrados. The top shall be cut perpendicular to the front face and shall be dressed for a distance of at least 3 inches from the front. When concrete is to be placed after the mas onry has been constructed, adjacent ring stones shall vary at least 6 inches in depth. Stratification in arch ring stones shall be parallel to the radial joints and in other stones shall be parallel to the beds. When specified in the Special Provisions, a full-size template of the arch ring shall be laid out near the quarry site, showing face dimensions of each ring stone and thickness of joints. The template shall be approved by the Engineer before the shaping of any ring stone is started, and no ring stone shall be placed in the structure until all ring stones have been shaped, dressed, and approved by the Engineer.
b.Selection and Placing of Stone.
1.General. When masonry is placed on a prepared foundation bed, the bed shall be firm and normal to, or in steps normal to, the face of the wall, and approved by the Engineer before any stone is placed. When it is placed on foundation masonry, the bearing surface of the foundation masonry shall be cleaned thoroughly and in a satura ted-surface dry conditi on when the mortar bed is spread. All masonry shall be constructed by experienced workmen. Face stones shall be set in 8−48 random bond to produce the effect shown on the Plans. Care shall be taken to prevent the bunching of small stones or stones of the same size. When weathered or colored stones, or stones of varying texture, are being used, care shall be exercised to distribute the various kinds of stones uniformly throughout the exposed faces of the work. Large stones shall be used for the bottom courses and large, selected stones shall be used in the corners. In general, the stones shall decrease in size from the bottom to the top of work. Each stone shall be cleaned and thoroughly saturated with water before being set and the bed which is to receive it shall be clean and well moistened. All stones shall be well bedded in freshly made mortar. The mortar joints shall be full and the stones carefully settled in place before the mortar has set. No spalls will be permitted in the beds. No pinning up of stones with spalls will be permitted in beds. Stone shall not be dropped upon, or slid over the wall, nor will hammering, rolling, or turning of stones on the wall be allowed. They shall be carefully set without jarring the stone already laid and they shall be handled with a lewis or other appliance that will not cause disfigurement. In case any stone is moved or the joint broken, the stone shall be taken up, the mortar thoroughly cleaned from bed and joints, and the stone reset in fresh mortar.
2.Rubble Masonry. Rubble masonry shall be laid to line and in courses roughly leveled up. The bottom or foundation courses shall be com posed of large, selected stones and all courses shall be laid with bearing beds parallel to the natural bed of the material. The vertical joints in each course of rubble masonry shall break with those in adjoining courses at least 6 inches. In no case shall a vertical joint be so located as to occur directly above or below a header.
3.Ashlar Masonry. For all range cut stone masonry the stone shall be laid with alternate stretchers and headers, shall conform to the general dimensions, shapes and arrangement shown on the Plans. The stones in any one course of ashlar masonry shall be placed so as to form bonds of not less than 12 inches with the stones of adjoining courses. Headers shall be placed over stretchers and, in general, the headers of each course shall equally divide the spaces between the headers of adjoining courses, but no header shall be placed over a joint and no joint shall be made over a header. The thickness of stretches and headers shall be as shown on the Plans or as specified in SECTION M.14; STONE FOR MASONRY .
4.Split Face. For all split faced masonry, selected stones, squared and pitched to line, shall be used at all angles, wall expansion and contraction joints, and other arrises. Copings and belt stones shall be dressed for the required jointing and exposed corners shall be pitched parallel to each other. Exposed surfaces shall have projections of not more than 1 inch. The bed and interior ends shall be cut normal to the pitch lines.
5.Sample Section. If required, the Contractor shall build at a location designated, a sample section of wall not less than 5 feet high and 8 feet long, showing examples of face wall and method of forming joints. The sample section shall be subject to the Engineer's approval prior to the start of wall facing.
c.Beds, Joints and Pointing . 8−49
1.Beds and Joints. Face joints for all cut stone shall not exceed ½-inch; face joints for split face masonry shall not exceed 1 inch; and face joints for rubble masonry shall not exceed 1½- inches. The joints in the interior of the wall shall average not more than 1½-inches for rubble masonry. The thickness or beds in ashlar masonry may vary as shown from the bottom to the top of the work. However, in each course the beds shall be of uniform thickness throughout. Beds shall not extend in an unbroken line through more than five stones. Joints in ashlar masonry shall be vertical. In all other masonry, joints may be at angles with the vertical from 0 degrees to 45 degrees. Each face stone shall bond with all contiguous face stones at least 6 inches longitudinally and 2 inches vertically. Ring stone joints on the fa ces and soffits shall be not less than 1/4-inch nor more than 1½-inches in thickness. Cross beds for vertical walls shall be level and for battered walls may vary from level to normal to the batter line of the face of the wall. All joints shall be completely filled with mortar.
2.Pointing. Pointing shall not be done in freezing weather or when the stone contains frost. Whenever possible, face joints shall be properly pointed before the mortar sets. Joints which cannot be immediately pointed shall be prepared for pointing by raking them out to a depth of 2 inches before the mortar has set. The face surfaces of stones shall not be smeared with mortar forced out of joints or that used in pointing. Joints not pointed at the time the stone is laid shall be thoroughly wet with clean water and filled with mortar. The mortar shall be well driven into the joints and finished with an approved pointing tool. The mortar in joints on top surfaces shall be crowned slightly at the center of the masonry to provide drainage. Walls shall be kept wet while pointing is being performed, and in hot or dry weather the pointed masonry shall be protected from the sun and kept wet for a period of at least 3 days after completion. After the pointing is completed and the mortar set, the wall shall be thoroughly cleaned and left in a neat and workmanlike condition.
3.Leaded Joints. When shown on the Plans or specified, horizontal and vertical joints shall be leaded to the designated size and depth. The mortar joints shall be raked out clean to the specified depth, but in no case less than 3/4-inch. Joints shall not be leaded before the concrete backing has been placed. Lead wool shall be thoroughl y tamped into place with a caulking tool and finished with a bead for the width of the joint.
d.Headers. Headers shall hold in the heart of the wall the same size as shown in the face, and shall extend not less than 12 inches into the core. They shall occupy not less than one-fifth of the face area of the wall and shall be evenly distributed. 8−50 Headers in walls 3 feet or less in thickness shall extend entirely through the wall. Headers in ashlar masonry sha ll be placed in each course and shall have a width of not less than 1½ times their thickness. In walls having a thickness of 4 feet or less, the headers shall extend entirely through the wall. In walls of greater thickness, the length of headers shall be not less than 2½ times their thickness when the course is 18 inches or less in height, and not less than 4 feet in courses of greater height. Headers shall be spaced not further apart than 8 feet center to center. There shall be at least one header to every two stretchers.
e.Cores and Backing.
1.General. Cores and backing shall consist either of compactly laid and interlocked stones including headers and stretchers or of concrete. The headers and stretchers in walls having a thickness of 3 feet or less shall have a width or length equal to the full thickness of the wall. No backing or core will be allowed.
2.Stone. When stone is used for cores or backing, at least one-half of the stone shall be of the same size and character as the face stone, and the remaining stones shall be of sizes and shapes that facilitate proper interlocking with face stones. No course shall be less than 8 inches thick. Stone backing shall be laid in the same manner as specified above for face stone, with headers interlocking with face headers when the thickness of the wall will permit. Backing shall be laid to break joints with the face stone. Stone cores shall be laid in full mortar beds so as to bond not less than 12 inches with face and backing stone and with each other. Bed joints in cores and backing shall not exceed 1 inch in thickness and vertical joints shall not exceed 2 inches in width.
3.Concrete. The placement and consolidation of concrete adjacent to the ashlar masonry facing shall be done in a manner that will insure the filling of all spaces around the stones and secure full contact and efficient bond with all stone surfaces.
4.Leveling Courses. Stone cores and backing shall be carried up to the approximate level of the face course before the succeeding course is started.
5.Concrete Backing. Unless otherwise specified, the stone masonry shall be constructed before placing concrete. Steel anchors as shown on the Plans or specified in the Special Provisions shall be used. To improve the bond between the stone masonry and the concrete backing, the back of the masonry shall be made as uneven as the stones will permit. After the stone facing has been laid and the mortar has attained sufficient strength, all surfaces against which concrete is to be placed shall be cleaned carefully and all dirt, loose material, and accumulations of mortar droppings removed. When placing concrete all interstices of the masonry shall be filled and the concrete thoroughly spaded and worked until it is brought into intimate contact with every part of the back of 8−51the masonry. Unless otherwise indicated on the Plans, horizontal construction joints in the concrete backing shall be made at grades which will break joints of the stone facing. Concrete courses shall be approximately 4 feet in depth.
f.Dowels and Cramps. Where required, coping stone, stone in the wings of abutments, and stone in piers shall be secured with wrought iron or galvanized steel cramps or dowels as shown on the Plans or ordered by the Engineer. Dowel holes that will be covered by stone masonry shall be drilled through each stone before the stone is placed and, after it is in place, such dowel holes shall be extended by drilling into the underlying course not less than 6 inches. On those stones where it is desirable to avoid drill holes through the top surfaces, they shall be concealed by setting and grouting the stones over dowels set in the preceding course, or by some similar method. The size and number of dowel holes and size and length of dowels shall be as shown on the Plans or as directed. Cramps or dowels shall be of the shapes and dimensions shown on the Plans or approved by the Engineer. They shall be inset in the stone so as to clear the bed of the succeeding course and shall be located in such a manner as to securely bond the stone courses together or stone facing to the concrete backing. Cramps and dowels shall be set in lead, care being taken to completely fill the surrounding spaces with the molten metal, or shall be rigidly anchored by other means approved by the Engineer.
g.Copings. Stones for copings of wall, pier, and abutment bridge seats shall be carefully selected and fully dimensioned stones. On piers, not more than two stones shall be used to make up the entire width of coping. The copings of abutment bridge seats shall be of sufficient width to extend at least 4 inches under the backwall. Each step forming the coping of a wingwall shall be formed by a single stone which shall overlap the stone forming the step immediately below it at least 12 inches. Tops of copings shall be given a bevel cut at least 2 inches wide, and beds, bevel cuts, and tops shall be fine-finished. The vertical joints shall be smooth-finished and the copings shall be laid with joints not more than 1/4-inch in thickness. The underside of projecting copings, preferable, shall have a drip bead. Joints in copings shall be located so as to provide not less than a 12-inch bond with the stones of the under course and so that no joint w ill come directly under the superstructure masonry plates.
h.Bracing. When, in the opinion of the Engineer, br acing is necessary to hold the stone in proper position, the Contractor shall construct such bracing in a manner satisfactory to the Engineer.
i.Cleaning Exposed Surfaces. All face stones shall be thoroughly cleaned of mortar stains immediately after being laid and while the mortar is fresh. The stones shall be kept clean until the work is completed. After the pointing is completed and the mortar set, the wall shall be 8−52 thoroughly cleaned and left in a neat and workmanlike condition.
807.03.4 Brick or Block Masonry.
a.Laying Brick and Block. The blocks or bricks shall be laid in such manner as will thoroughly bond them into the mortar by means of t he "shove-joint" method; "buttered" or plastered joints will not be permitted. All clay or shale brick must be thoroughly saturated with water before being laid. Dampening of concrete masonry units before or during construction shall not be permitted unless approved by the Engineer. The arrangement of headers and stretchers shall be such as will thoroughly bond the mass and, unless otherwise specified, work shall be of alternate headers and stretchers with consecutive courses breaking joints. Other types of bonding, as for ornamental work, shall be as specified on the Plans. All joints shall be completely filled with mortar. They shall not be less than 1/4-inch and not more than 5/8-inch in thickness and the thickness shall be uniform throughout. All joints shall be finished properly as the work progresses and on ex posed faces they shall be neatly struck, using the "weather" joint. No spalls or bats shall be used except for shaping around irregular openings or when unavoidable to finish out a course, in which case full bricks shall be placed at the corners, the bats being placed in the interior of the course. Each masonry unit shall be adjusted to its final position while mortar is still soft and plastic. Units which are disturbed after mortar has stiffened shall be removed and relayed in fresh mortar. Vertical cells to be filled with grout shall be aligned to provide a continuous unobstructed opening. Piers and walls may be built of solid brick work, or may consist of a brick or block shell backed with concrete or other suitable material as specified on the Plans. All details of the construction shall be in accordance with approved practice and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
b.Placement of Reinforcement. Prior to and during grouting the reinforcing steel shall be securely held in position at the top and bottom and at intermediate points not exceeding 200 bar diameters or 10 feet apart. Bars shall be maintained clear of the cell walls and within plus or minus ½-inch of their planned position transverse to the wall and within plus or minus 2 inches of their planned position longitudinal to the wall.
c.Grouted Brick or Block Construction. Grouted masonry shall be constructed in such a manner that all elements of the masonry act together as a structural element. Prior to grouting, the grout space shall be clean so that all spaces to be filled with grout do not contain mortar projections greater than ½-inch, mortar droppings or other foreign material. Grout shall be placed so that all spaces to be grouted do not contain voids. Grout materials and water content shall be controlled to provide adequate fluidity for placement, without segregation. Size and height limitations of the grout space or cell on the average shall not be less than shown in Table No. 1. Higher grout pours or smaller cavity widths or cell size than shown in Table 8−531 may be used when approved by the Engineer, if it is demonstrated that grout spaces are properly filled. When required by Table No. 1, cleanouts shall be provided in the bottom course at every vertical bar but shall not be spaced more than 32 inches on center for solidly grouted masonry. Cleanouts shall be of sufficient size to allow removal of debris. Units may be laid to the full height of the grout pour and grout shall be placed in a continuous pour in grout lifts not exceeding 6 feet. If construction joints are used in columns of grout, they shall be located at least 1½-inches below the level of a mortar bed joint. Segregation of the grout materials and damage to the masonry shall be avoided during the grouting process. Grout shall be consolidated before loss of plasticity in a manner to fill the grout space. Grout pours greater than 12 inches in height shall be mechanically reconsolidated to minimize voids due to water loss. Grout not mechanically vibrated shall be puddled. Table No. 1 Grouting Limitations Least Clear Dimensions1 Grout Pour Width of Cell Maximum Height Grout Space Dimensions Cleanout Grout Type (feet) (in.)2` (in. x in.) Required3 Fine 1 ¾ 1½ x 2 No Fine 5 1½ 1½ x 2 No Fine 8 1½ 1½ x 3 Yes Fine 12 1½ 1¾ x 3 Yes Fine 24 2 3 x 3 Yes Coarse 1 1½ 1½ x 3 No Coarse 5 2 2½ x 3 No Coarse 8 2 3 x 3 Yes Coarse 12 2½ 3 x 3 Yes Coarse 24 3 3 x 4 Yes Notes: 1 The clear dimension is the cell or group space width less mortar projects. 2 Grout space width shall be increased by the horizont al projection of the diameters of the horizontal bars within the cross section of the grout space. 3 Cleanouts may be omitted if approved provisions ar e made to keep the grout space clean prior to grouting. In nonstructural elements, mortar of pouring consistency may be subs tituted for grout when the masonry is constructed and grouted in pours of 12 inches or less. Vertical barriers of masonry may be built across the grout space. The grouting of any section of wall between barriers shall be completed in one day with no interruption longer than one hour. 8−54
d.Copings, Bridge Seats, and Backwalls. The tops of retaining walls, abutment wingwalls and similarly exposed brick or block work shall be provided, in general, with a stone coping. The underside of the coping shall have a batter or drip bead, at least 1 inch beyond the face of the block or brick work wall. The coping upon an abutment backwall will commonly have no projection beyond its bridge seat face. For thin c opings, mortar of the same proportions as used for laying the block or brick may be used to produce precast sections not less than 3 feet nor more than 5 feet in length. No coping shall be less than 4 inches thick. Copings of piers and abutment bridge seats sha ll be of Ashlar stone work and shall conform to the requirements of Para. b.3 of Subsection 807.03.3 of these Specifications.
807.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. 807.04.1 Stone Masonry. "Structural Stone Masonry" of the types described in this Section will be
measured by the number of cubic yards or square feet of exposed wall surface actually placed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. Fascia walls, one stone thick, will be measured by the cubic yard by assuming the stone surfaces as a course having an average thickness of 12 inches. The volume, in cubic yards, of all railings, cap stones and belt courses will be determined from the dimensions indicated on the Plans.
807.04.2 Pointing and Grouting. When listed as a separate item in the Proposal, "Pointing and
Grouting" will be measured by the number of linear f eet actually installed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer.
807.04.3 Block and Brick Masonry. "Concrete Block Masonry" and/or "Brick Masonry" will be
measured by the number of cubic yards or the number of square feet, as the case may be, actually placed in the structure in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. 807.04.4 Concrete Backing. "Concrete Backing" of stone fascia walls will be measured by the number of cubic yards actually placed in accordance with the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer. 807.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. 807.05.1 Stone Masonry. The accepted quantity of "Stone Masonry" will be paid for at either the contract unit price per cubic yard or square foot, as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment, and all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer. 807.05.2 Pointing and Grouting. The accepted quantity of "Pointing and Grouting" will be paid for at the contract unit price per linear foot as listed in the Proposal. The price so-stated constitutes full and complete compensation for all labor, materials, and equipment, and all incidentals required to finish the work, complete and accepted by the Engineer.
Source: Rhode Island Standard Specifications (Bluebook), 2024 Edition. Pages 377–388 of 826.