Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 1 of 15 BONDED WEARING COURSE (BWC)
Part 1 — General
1.1 Section Includes
A.Materials and procedures for the placement of a Bonded Wearing Course (BWC ) and associated Polymer -Modified Emulsion Membrane.
1.2 RELATED SECTIONS A. Section 01456: Materials Dispute Resolution
B.Section 02701: Pavement Smoothness
C.Section 02741: Asphalt Mix
D.Section 02742S: Project Specific Surfacing Requirements
E.Section 02745: Asphalt Material
F.Section 02746: Hydrated Lime
1.3 References
A.AASHTO T 11: Materials Finer Than 75- µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
B.AASHTO T 27: Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C.AASHTO T 44: Solubility of Bituminous Materials
D.AASHTO T 49: Penetration of Bituminous Materials
E.AASHTO T 59: Emulsified Asphalt
F.AASHTO T 89: Determining the Liquid Limit of Soils
G.AASHTO T 90: Determining the Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils
H.AASHTO T 96: Resistance to Degradation of Small Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact the Los Angeles Machine Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 2 of 15
I.AASHTO T 104: Soundness of Aggregate by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
J.AASHTO T 112: Clay Lumps and Friable Particle in Aggregate
K.AASHTO T 176: Plastic Fines in Graded Aggregates and Soils by Use of the Sand Equivalent Test
L.AASHTO T 278: Surface Frictional Propert ies Using the British Pendulum Tester
M.AASHTO T 279: Accelerated Polishing o f Aggregates Using the British Wheel
N.AASHTO T 283: Resistance of Compacted Asphalt Mixture s to Moisture - Induced Damage
O.AASHTO T 301: Elastic Recovery Test of Asphalt Materials by Means of a Ductilometer
P.AASHTO T 304: Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate
Q.AASHTO T 305: Determination of Draindown Characteristics in Uncompacted Asphalt Mixtures
R.AASHTO T 312: Preparing and Determining the Density of Asphalt Mixture Specimens by Means of the Superpave Gyratory Compactor
S.AASHTO T 327: Resistance of Coarse Aggregate to Degradation by Abrasion in the Micro- Deval Apparatus
T.AASHTO T 330: The Qualitative Detection of Harmful Clays of the Smectite Group in Aggregates Using Methylene Blue
U.AASHTO T 335 : Determining the Percentage of Fracture in Coarse Aggregate
V.ASTM D 2995: Estimating Application Rate and Residual Application Rate of Bituminous Distributors
W.Asphalt Institute Standards
X.UDOT Materials Manual of Instruction Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 3 of 15
Y.UDOT Minimum Sampling and Testing Requirements
Z.UDOT Quality Management Plans
1.4 Definitions
A.Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) – A spray -paver applied surface treatment consisting of a warm Polymer -Modified Emulsion Membrane and an ultra- thin, gap- graded asphalt mix overlay. It is typically less than 1 inch thick. The asphalt mix surface course is placed immediately on the emulsion. A BWC is a homogeneous wearing surface and pavement seal that can be opened to traffic immediately after cooling.
B.Polymer -Modified Emulsion Membrane (PMEM) – A warm, modified emulsion applied to the pavement to seal the underlying pavement and provide a strong bond to the surface course.
C.Production Day – A 24-hour period in which BWC is being placed.
1.5 Submittals
A.Mix design data to the Engineer for approval.
1.Include all information on selection of design aggregate structure showing the target values of percent passing on all sieves listed in Table 9.
a.Indicate the target job mix gradation and provide supplier quality control data for the target selection.
2.Indicate t he design asphalt binder content and the estimated asphalt binder film thickness.
3.Include test results verifying that proposed aggregate meet s the requirements of Table 8.
4.Include AASHTO T 283 and T 305 test results.
B.Joint layout plan to the Engineer for review .
1.Clearly show placement of the longitudinal joints with respect to final pavement.
C.Daily t otals – Refer to this Section , Article 3.5 , paragraph M.
1.6 Acceptance
A.Gradation and Asphalt Binder Content
1.The acceptability and pay adjustment for binder content is determined per lot according to Table 1 using the single test result with the largest deviation from the target . Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 4 of 15
2.The acceptability and pay adjustment for gradation is determined per lot according to the Percent within Limits (PT) computation using Table 2, 3, 4, and 5.
3.Any lot rejected based on gradation or binder content will not be eligible for any incentive.
B.Thickness
1.Verify the thickness with a depth probe and take corrective action if necessary.
a.The m inimum thickness is the plan depth.
C.Polymer Modified Emulsion Membrane (PMEM) application rate
1.The acceptability and pay adjustment for the PMEM application rate for each lot i s determined according to Table 6.
a.A lot equals the number of square yards placed during each production day.
b.Use the weight of PMEM provided on the weight ticket and the specific gravity reported on the bill of lading to convert from tons to gallons.
D.The Engineer may accept a reject or non- conforming lot. Refer to Section 01456.
1.A price reduction of 35 percent of the pay item or $20 per ton, whichever is greater, will be assessed.
2.The lot will not be eligible for any incentive. Table 1 Incentive/Disincentive Binder Content Pay Adjustment (Dollars per yd2 of BWC) Within ± 0.30% of target 0.05 Between ± 0.31% and ± 0.45% of target 0.00 Between ± 0.46% ± 0.60% of target -0.10 Greater than ± 0.61% Reject Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 5 of 15 Table 2 Gradation Upper and Lower Limit Determination Parameter UL and LL ½ inch sieve for BWC Type C 3/8 inch sieve for BWC Type B Target Value ± 6.0 percent # 4 sieve Target Value ± 6.0 percent # 8 sieve Target Value ± 5.0 percent # 50 sieve Target Value ± 3.0 percent # 200 sieve Target Value ± 2.0 percent Table 3 Incentive/Disincentive for Gradation PT Based on Min. Four Samples Pay Adjustment (dollars per yd2 of BWC) > 99 0.06 96-99 0.04 92-95 0.02 88-91 0.00 84-87 -0.01 80-83 -0.02 76-79 -0.04 72-75 -0.05 68-71 -0.06 64-67 -0.07 60-63 -0.09 <60 Reject Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 6 of 15 Table 4 Quality Index Values (QU or QL) for Estimating Percent Within Limits PU or PL n=3 n=4 n=5 n=6 n=7 n=8 n=10 n=12 n=15 n=20 100 1.16 1.50 1.75 1.91 2.06 2.15 2.29 2.35 2.47 2.56 99 1.16 1.47 1.68 1.79 1.89 1.95 2.04 2.09 2.14 2.19 98 1.15 1.44 1.61 1.70 1.77 1.80 1.86 1.89 1.93 1.97 97 1.15 1.41 1.55 1.62 1.67 1.69 1.74 1.77 1.80 1.82 96 1.15 1.38 1.49 1.55 1.59 1.61 1.64 1.66 1.69 1.70 95 1.14 1.35 1.45 1.49 1.52 1.54 1.56 1.57 1.59 1.61 94 1.13 1.32 1.40 1.44 1.46 1.47 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.53 93 1.12 1.29 1.36 1.38 1.40 1.41 1.43 1.43 1.44 1.46 92 1.11 1.26 1.31 1.33 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.37 1.38 1.39 91 1.10 1.23 1.27 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.32 1.32 1.33 90 1.09 1.20 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.27 1.27 89 1.08 1.17 1.20 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.22 1.22 88 1.07 1.14 1.16 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 87 1.06 1.11 1.12. 1.12 1.12 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 1.13 86 1.05 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08 1.08 85 1.03 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.05 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.04 84 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 83 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 82 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.92 0.92 81 0.96 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.88 80 0.94 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.86 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 79 0.92 0.87 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.81 78 0.89 0.84 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.78 0.78 77 0.87 0.81 0.79 .0.78 0.77 0.76 0.76 0.75 0.75 0.75 76 0.84 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 75 0.82 0.75 0.73 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.68 74 0.79 0.72 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.65 73 0.77 0.69 0.67 0.65 0.64 0.64 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.62 72 0.74 0.66 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.61 0.60 0.59 0.59 0.59 71 0.71 0.63 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.56 70 0.68 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.53 69 0.65 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.50 68 0.62 0.54 0.52 0.51 0.50 0.50 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.48 67 0.59 0.51 0.49 0.48 0.47 0.47 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.45 66 0.56 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.42 65 0.53 0.45 0.43 0.42 0.41 0.41 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.39 64 0.49 0.42 0.40 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 63 0.46 0.39 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.34 62 0.43 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 61 0.39 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.28 60 0.36 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 <60 ≤0.35 ≤0.29 ≤0.27 ≤0.26 ≤0.25 ≤0.25 ≤0.24 ≤0.24 ≤0.24 ≤0.24 Enter table in the appropriate sample size column and round down to the nearest value. Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 7 of 15 Table 5 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Formulas for Acceptance Term Explanation Target Value (TV) The target values for gradation and asphalt binder content are given in the Contractor’s volumetric mix design. Average (AVE) The sum of the lot’s test results for a measured characteristic divided by the number of test results , the arithmetic mean. Standard Deviation (s) The square root of the value formed by summing the squared difference between the individual test results of a measured characteristic and AVE divided by the number of test results minus one. This statement does not limit the methods of calculations of s . Other methods that obtain the same value may be used. Upper Limit (UL) The value above the TV of each measured characteristic that defines the upper limit of acceptable production. (Table 2) Lower Limit (LL) The value below the TV of each measured characteristic that defines the lower limit of acceptable production (Table 2) Upper Quality Index (QU) QU = (UL - AVE)/s Lower Quality Index (QL) QL = (AVE - LL)/s Percentage of Lot Within UL (PU) Determi ned by entering Table 4 with QU Percentage of Lot Within LL (PL) Determi ned by entering Table 4 with QL Total Percentage of Lot (PL) Within UL and LL (PT) PT = (PU + PL) – 100 Incentive/Disincentive Determined by entering Table 1 and 3 with PT or PL. Calculate all values for AVE, s, QU, and QL to two decimal place accuracy and carried through all further calculations. Rounding to lower accuracy is not allowed. Table 6 PMEM Pay Adjustment Actual Field PMEM Rate (Gallons/Square Yard) Pay Adjustment (dollars per yd2 of BWC) Within Specified Rate ±0.03 0 Within Specified Rate ± 0.03 to ± 0.06 -2.00 Not Within Specified Rate ± 0.06 Remove and Replace Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 8 of 15
Part 2 — Products
2.1 Asphalt Binder
A.Project Specific Surfacing Requirements. Refer to S pecial Provision 02742S.
B.Refer to Section 02745 .
2.2 Polymer Modified Emulsion Membrane (Pmem)
A.Refer to S pecial Provision 02742S and plans for project -specific requirements, including the application rate and design thickness .
B.Refer to Section 02745 .
C.Meet the requirements of Table 7 . Table 7 Polymer Modified Emulsion Membrane (a) Tests AASHTO Test Method Min. Max. Emulsion Viscosity, SFS, 122 º F (50º C), sec T 59 20 100 Storage Stability Test, 1 d, 24 h, percent T 59 1 Sieve Test (b), percent T 59 0.1 Demulsibility, % 35 ml 0.8% sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate T 59 40 Distillation Oil Distillate, by volume of emulsion, percent 2 Residue (c), percent 63 Residue from Distillation Test Penetration, 77 ° F (25° C), 100 g, 5s, dmm T 49 60 150 Elastic Recovery (d), percent T 301 55 Solubility Solubility in Organic Solvent, percent T 44 97.5 (a) The emulsion will be smooth and homogeneous throughout with no white, milky separation, pumpable and suitable for application through spray bars after standing undisturbed for 24 hours . Modify before emulsification. (b) The sieve test may be waived if successful application of the material has been achieved in the field. (c) Distillation is determined by AASHTO T 59 with modifications to include a 350 ± 5° F (177 ± 3° C) maximum temperature to be held for a period of 15 minutes. (d) Modify paragraph 4.5 of AASHTO T 301 as follows: Stop the ductilometer and within two seconds, sever the specimen at its center with a pair of scissors after 20 cm has been reached . Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 9 of 15
2.3 Hydrated Lime
A.Refer to Section 02746.
2.4 Aggregate Materials
A.Crusher processed virgin aggregate material consisting of crushed stone, gravel, or slag.
B.Determine the suitability of the aggregate according to Table 8.
1.Coar se aggregate
a.Retained on # 4 sieve
2.Fine aggregate
a.Clean, hard grained, and angular
b.Passing the # 4 sieve Table 8 Aggregate Properties Properties Test Method Test Requirement One Fractured Face AASHTO T 335 95% min. Two Fractured Face AASHTO T 335 90% min. Fine Aggregate Angularity AASHTO T 304 45% min. Flakiness Index UDOT MOI 933 (Based on ⅜ inch sieve and above) 17% max. L.A. Wear AASHTO T 96 30% max. Micro -Deval Loss AASHTO T 327 18% max. loss Sand Equivalent AASHTO T 176 60 min. Plasticity Index AASHTO T 89 and T 90 0 Polish Test AASHTO T 278 and T 279 31 min. Soundness (sodium sulfate) AASHTO T 104 12% max. loss with five cycles Clay Lumps and Friable Particles AASHTO T 112 2% max. Natural Fines None None Methylene Blue AASHTO T 330 10% max.
C.Meet gradation requirements in Table 9. Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 10 of 15 Table 9 Aggregate Gradation Percent Pas sing by Dry Weight of Aggregate AASHTO T 11, T 27 Sieve Size Percent Type A Type B Type C ¾ inch ½ inch ⅜ inch # 4 # 8 #16 #30 #50 #100 # 200 100 40 - 55 22 - 32 15 - 25 10 - 18 8 - 13 6 - 10 4 - 7 100 75 - 100 22 - 38 19 - 32 15 - 25 10 - 18 8 - 13 6 - 10 4 - 7 100 75 - 100 55 - 80 22 - 38 19 - 32 15 - 25 10 - 18 8 - 13 6 - 10 4 - 7
2.5 Job Mix Design
A.Meet the following requirements:
1.Minimum optimum binder content of 5.0 percent by weight of mixture .
2.Estimated asphalt film thickness of at least 10 microns based on effective binder content and aggregate surface area calculated according to Asphalt Institute MS -2 Table 6.1.
3.Draindown at optimum binder content of less than 0.10 percent when tested according to AASHTO T 305.
4.Minimum tensile strength ratio (TSR) of 80 percent according to AASHTO T 283 with the following modifications:
a.Add hydrated lime to according to Section 02746 for all sources.
b.Compact samples according to AASHTO T 312 at 30 gyrations.
c.Use mix quantity necessary to obtain compacted samples
2.5 ± 0.05 inch high.
d.Further test compacted samples regardless of air void levels achieved after 30 gyrations.
e.Apply vacuum to samples to be conditioned for 1 minute and proceed without calculating percent saturation.
5.Use a laboratory accredited by AASHTO Materials Reference Laboratory (AMRL) for all testing.
B.Use a Department -qualified asphalt binder supplier. Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 11 of 15
C.Use a Department -qualified PMEM supplier.
D.Use mixing and compaction temperatures supplied by the Engineer.
E.The Department ’s Region Materials Lab will review and may verify the Mix Design.
2.6 Equipment
A.Spray Paver
1.Use a self-priming paver designed and built for applying the BWC and authorized by the Engineer with the following characteristics:
a.Equipped with a receiving hopper, asphalt emulsion storage tank, system for measuring the PMEM volume applied, spray bar, and a heated, variable- width screed.
b.Capable of spraying the PMEM, applying the asphalt mix overlay, and leveling the surface of the mat in one pass.
c.Capable of placing the asphalt mix within five seconds after the application of the PMEM.
d.Capable of paving at a controlled speed from 30 to 90 feet per minute. 1) Make no contact between the wheel or other part of the paving machine and the PMEM before applying the asphalt mix .
2.Use a paver that is equipped with a paver hopper insert with a minimum capacity of 7 tons and a mass flow design to deliver remixed BWC directly to the paver conveyor system.
3.Use a paver with a screed that is able to crown the pavement at the center and have vertically adjusted extensions to accommodate the desired pavement profile.
B.Material Transfer Vehicle
1.Use Material Transfer Vehicle (MTV) with the following characteristics:
a.Able to remix the BWC to eliminate truck end segregation, minimize temperature segregation , and deliver a uniform BWC to the paver.
b.Self-propelled machine totally independent of the paver.
c.High capacity truck unloading system to receive BWC from the haul units.
d.Minimum 25 ton on-board BWC surge capacity to minimize paver start/stops and maximize trucking efficiency. Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 12 of 15
e.Equipped with a pivoting paver loading conveyor. 1) Able to swing to either side to allow off -lane paving.
f.Paver hopper 1) Equipped with a hopper insert with a minimum capacity of 7 tons. 2) Hopper insert with mass flow design to deliver remixed BWC directly to the paver conveyor system.
C.2-Axle Tandem Roller s
1.Use steel -wheeled, 2- axle tandem rollers, each weighing at least 10 tons.
a.Use well- maintained rollers equipped with functioning water system and scrapers to prevent adhesion of the fresh mix onto the roller drums.
b.Supply adequate roller units to guarantee the rolling will be accomplished promptly following the placement of the material.
Part 3 — Execution
3.1 Pre-Paving Meeting
A.Hold a pre- paving meeting up to two weeks before starting the BWC process to discuss methods of accomplishing all phases of the work. Arrange for the following people to attend:
1.Contractor’s supervisory personnel
2.Testing laboratory personnel
3.Mix design and emulsion supplier representative(s)
4.Department representative
3.2 Mixing
A.Mix as specified in Section 02741.
1.The mineral aggregate coating will be considered satisfactory when all particles are coated.
3.3 Equipment Calibration
A.Spray Paver
1.Calibrate the Spray Paver for application of PMEM according to ASTM D 2995 or an approved method by the Engineer before start of BWC production.
2.Recalibrate Spray Paver before the startup of nonconsecutive placements of BWC material. Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 13 of 15
3.Calibrate machine at 13 ft width and 17 ft width.
a.Verify spread rates for right and left sides are uniform, meet the specified application rates , and do not vary more than 20 percent between right and left side pads.
4.Calibrate the machine on- site or within BWC mix haul distance and in the presence of the Engineer.
5.Maintain a copy of the manufacturer application settings with the spray paving equipment.
a.Include the nozzle size and target shot rate settings.
3.4 Surface Preparation
A.Protect and cover manhole covers, drains, grates , catch basins , and other utility structures with plastic or building felt before paving.
1.Clearly reference each location.
B.Remove thermoplastic traffic markings.
C.Remove symbols, characters, or other markings greater than ¼ inch above the existing pavement.
D.Allow at least two weeks for any crack sealant to cure before placing BWC.
E.Thoroughly clean the pavement surface to be overlaid of deleterious material, giving specific attention to accumulated mud and debris.
1.Use p ressurized water or vacuum systems, if necessary , to obtain a clean surface.
3.5 Bwc Placement
A.Provide a clean surface before and during paving operations.
1.Deposit the BWC material directly from haul trucks into the MTV without contacting the pavement.
2.Immediately remove any loose material in front of the paver.
B.Spray the PMEM with a metered mechanical pressure spray bar at a temperature of 120 to 180 degrees F at the specified application rate.
1.Overlap the vertical edge with the outside nozzle 0.5 to 1.5 inches when paving next to a vertical edge to guarantee proper application of the PMEM.
2.Verify the application of the PMEM is uniform over the entire surface to be paved. Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 14 of 15
C.Apply BWC at a temperature of 290 to 330 degrees F immediately over the full width of the PMEM application with a heated screed.
D.Maintain a steady spray -paver speed.
E.Use steel -wheeled, 2- axle tandem rollers to r oll BWC material sufficiently to seat without fracturing mix aggregate.
1.Use a release agent (added to the water system) as needed to prevent adhesion of the fresh mix to the roller drum and wheels.
2.Use static mode for rolling.
3.Do not allow the rollers to remain stationary on the freshly placed material.
F.Construct longitudinal joints within 6 inches of lane lines or at the center of lane, but never in a wheel path.
G.Construct a transverse joint when the paving operation stops for more than 30 minutes.
H.Do not overlap or hot -lap BWC .
I.Pave through lanes after paving adjacent:
1.Shoulders
2.Tapers
3.Transitions
4.Road connections
5.Private drives
6.Curve widenings
7.Chain control lanes
8.Turnouts
9.Left turn pockets
10.Median borders
11.On and off ramps
J.Verify all edges of adjacent areas to through lanes that have been paved with BWC have straight, uniform, longitudinal lines, and neat vertical edges to guarantee surface is neat in appearance after through lanes are paved.
K.Do not reintroduce previously applied BWC into the paving process over PMEM.
L.Meet the requirements of Sec tion 02701 for smoothness. Bonded Wearing Course (BWC) 02787 – 15 of 15
M.Report daily totals of placement materials to the Engineer and include the following:
1.Tonnage of BWC material placed with weight tickets
2.Gallons of PMEM applied with weight tickets
3.Square yards for the production day
4.Gallons per square yard of PMEM placed
5.Pounds per square yard of BWC material placed
3.6 Limitations
A.Place between May 1, and September 15, when both the air temperature in the shade and the pavement surface temperature are above 60 degree s F.
B.Do not place if the Engineer determines excessive moisture is present in the pavement structure.
C.Do not place during rain, when the surface is wet, or during other adverse weather conditions.
D.Do not open the new pavement to traffic until the rolling operation is complete and the material has cooled below 185 degrees F.
3.7 Laboratory Correlation
A.Perform split -sample, paired t-testing with the Department based on project quality control testing using Department LQP qualified lab.
1.Perform split -sample, paired t analysis on all mix acceptance tests and tests related to volumetric properties.
2.Perform paired t -analysis as defined in the UDOT Materials Manual of Instruction, Appendix C.
3.Continue paired t -testing until at least two consecutive production days meet α = 0.05 for a two tailed distribution.
4.Resolve discrepancies in lab results within the first five production days.
a.Cease production if the requirements for two consecutive days of the fi rst five days cannot be met .
b.Submit a corrective action plan to the Engineer before production continues indicating the changes in procedures that will be implemented to correct the deficiencies. 1) Both Contractor and Department labs must make paired t test results available within 24 hours of sampling.
Source: Utah Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2026 Edition. Pages 616–630 of 1,331.