SECTION 517—CONTRACTOR CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING
517.01 Description
This work shall consist of the Contractor providing surveying and stakeout as detailed herein for the successful prosecution of work as indicated on the plans and as directed by the Engineer. Stakeout work shall be in accordance with the Department’ s Survey Manual and this specification. 517.02
517.02 General Requirements
The Contractor shall ensure the following surveying work shall be performed by or under the direct responsibility, control and personal supervision of a Land Surveyor holding a valid license to practice surveying in the Commonwealth of Virginia and who is experienced in highway construction stakeout work including the following: • horizontal and vertical control for bridges, • horizontal and vertical control for box culverts and single and multiple line pipe culverts as specified herein, • horizontal and vertical control for additional centerlines or baselines for roadways, ramps, loops and connections and • fine grade or other grade stakes as necessary for construction. • when specified in the Contract, boundary surveying in accordance with Section 503. All other surveying work shall be performed by or under the direct supervision and control of the Contractor who is experienced in highway construction stakeout. The Contractor shall preserve Department furnished centerline or baseline control, references and location benchmarks. The Contractor shall provide all construction benchmarks and reference stakes he develops as detailed herein. All alignment established by the Contractor shall be referenced, with a copy of the references furnished to the Engineer. For Construction or Minimum Plan projects, the Contractor shall provide the Engineer with a record copy of certified plats, survey drawings, field notes and computations prior to the use of said stakeout infor - mation for construction. Survey record drawings shall be prepared and certified in accordance with this specification and the sample figure drawings as shown in the Department’ s Survey Manual. Electronic data files may be submitted along with paper sketches and drawings, subject to the prior approval of the Engineer. All electronic copies submitted shall be in a format fully compatible with the Department’ s existing computer hardware and software. For No Plan projects, the Contractor will not be required to reference alignment he creates; provide construction benchmarks and reference stakes he develops; provide record copy of certified plats, survey drawings, field notes, computations, survey record drawings, and electronic data files.
517.03 Contractor Responsibility for Examination of Data
For Construction or Minimum Plan projects, it shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to examine all surveying work provided by the Department for accuracy. Should a disagreement involving the accuracy of stakeout or survey work arise during construction, the Contractor shall provide written notice to the Engineer within 24 hours, precisely describing and documenting the discrepancy. The Engineer will determine the validity of the Contractor’ s assertion in the notice, respond to the Contractor within 3 working days of receipt of the Contractor’ s notice, and provide direction on how to proceed. The Engineer will give consideration to an extension of time in accordance with Section 108.04 or provide additional compen - sation as deemed appropriate after documentation and evidence to the Engineer’ s satisfaction if both of the following occurs: 517.04 • There are delays to the project as a result of inaccurate stakeout information provided by the Department where such delays adversely impact the critical path of the work or where extra expense is encountered by the Contractor to correct elements of defective survey work by the Department. • Where written notice is provided by the Contractor within the timeframe specified. Failure to furnish written notice of such a discrepancy within the timeframe specified will invalidate any later claim for time impact or costs by the Contractor unless specifically waived by the Engineer. Examination of Data as specified above will not be required of the Contractor for No Plan projects.
517.04 Construction (C) projects
The following specific requirements shall apply:
a.Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Construction Cross-sections: Original location Digital Terrain Model (DTM) will be provided by the Department and will serve as a basis of payment for earth - work. The Contractor shall be responsible for taking construction DTMs or cross-sections of areas that, in their determination, do not agree with the Department furnished original location DTMs. The Contractor shall submit the disputed DTM information to the Engineer for verification prior to any excavation by the Contractor in these alleged areas of change. The DTM information furnished by the Department and submitted by the Contractor shall be compatible to the Department’ s current DTM format.
b.Borrow Pits: All borrow pit DTMs or cross-sections, originals and finals, will be secured by the Engineer through the Department Survey party. The Contractor should also secure DTMs or cross-sections of borrow areas. A claim of discrepancy in borrow volume will not be considered by the Engineer unless survey data was obtained and submitted by the Contractor to substantiate their claim.
c.Temporary Benchmarks: The Contractor shall provide and protect temporary construction benchmarks within the construction limits. Temporary construction benchmarks shall be located not farther than 500 feet apart for the total length of the project or as indicated on the plans. Temporary construction benchmarks that are disturbed by the Contractor’ s activities during construction operations shall be reestablished by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Department.
d.Horizontal and vertical control for bridges: The Contractor shall stake all bridges. These stakeouts shall require certified plats. Certified plats, field notes, coordinates and computations shall be furnished by the Contractor to the Engineer in accordance with Sample Figures 2 and 3 as shown in the Deaprtment’ s Survey Manual prior to the Contractor beginning work on these structures.
e.Horizontal and vertical control for all box culverts, all pipe culvert installations (including single and multiple line installations) with a total hydraulic opening equivalent to 12.6 square feet and larger, and for all closed systems such as storm sewers, and sanitary sewers regardless of size: These stakeouts are deemed critical and require certified plats. The Contractor’ s surveyor shall stake all such installations. Certified Plats for these stakeouts shall be furnished in accordance with Sample Figure 1 as shown in the Department’ s Survey Manual and shall be submitted to the Engineer prior to the Contractor beginning installation work on these culvert structures. The notes, coordinates, or computations used to support the platted information shall be provided to the Engineer with the certified plat. For the purposes of identifying those pipe culvert installations refer 517.04 to the areas (hydraulic openings) shown in the PB-1 Standards for the respective sizes of pipes specified on the plans. Where multiple lines of pipes are shown, the areas of the pipe sizes shall apply to the total areas of the number of lines specified in the plans. For box culverts refer to the sizes shown in the BC-1 Standards to determine areas of total hydraulic opening.
f.Horizontal and vertical control for pipe culvert installations (including single and multiple line installations) having a total hydraulic openings equivalent to 3.1 square feet and up to 12.5 square feet: The Contractor shall stake horizontal and vertical controls for pipe culvert installations having a total hydraulic opening equivalent to 3.1 square feet and up to 12.5 square feet. These stakeouts require sketches, but not certified plats and shall be furnished to the Engineer prior to the Contractor beginning work on these culvert structures. For the purposes of identifying those pipe culvert installations refer to the areas (hydraulic openings) shown in the PB-1 Standards for the respective sizes of pipes specified on the plans. Where multiple lines of pipes are shown, the areas of the pipe sizes shall apply to the total areas of the number of lines specified in the plans. For box culverts refer to the sizes shown in the BC-1 Standards to determine areas of total hydraulic opening.
g.Horizontal and vertical control for additional centerlines or baselines for roadways, ramps, loops and connections: The Contractor shall provide horizontal and vertical controls for additional centerlines or baselines for roadways, ramps, loops and connections.
h.Grading and paving construction: The Contractor shall provide fine grade or other grade stakes required for the construction of the project as the work progresses except as otherwise stated herein. Fine grade stakes shall be set on all projects on which the plans show a definite grade line. Fine grade hubs shall be set on at least one side with distances and grades referenced to the finished centerline grade. T ypically, on curves, the Contractor shall provide the distances and elevations to each edge of pavement and centerline through the transitions and the distances and elevations to the edge of pavement only (straight-line super) through full super portions of the curve. On projects where grading and paving is performed under the same contract, only one set of fine grade stakes will be required by the Engineer. Fine grade stakes may be used for fine grade and paving grade. On Secondary Road projects, fine grade stakes shall be provided by the Contractor only on those projects having curb and gutter or as directed by the Engineer. Special design ditches shall be staked with an offset and cut to the centerline of the ditch. Radius points for pavement flares at connections shall be staked by the Contractor. Generally, slope stakes shall be set by the Contractor as an initial part of the construction operations on the project.
i.Right of way and boundary stakeout affecting property ownership: Right of way stakes shall be placed at a minimum of 100-foot intervals on each side of the roadway or as directed by the Engineer and the stakes shall be marked with both the station and offset back to centerline. When specified in the Contract, the Contractor shall provide all final boundary stakeout in accor - dance with Section 503.
j.Locating and setting right-of-way monuments: When specified in the Contract, the Contractor shall provide all location and final right of way monumentation in accordance with Section 503. 517.05
517.05 Minimum Plan (M) projects
Roadway centerlines shall be in accordance with the centerline shown on the plans or established by the Engineer. The grade shall generally follow that shown on the plans. In the absence of a grade line on the plans, the proposed grade shall generally follow the existing grade as directed by the Engineer. The approximate depth of centerline cuts and fills shall be obtained from the plans with the exception of certain locations at the discretion of the Engineer. At those locations, only a minimum number of centerline grade stakes may be furnished by the Department from which the approximate depth of centerline cuts and fills shall be obtained. Slope tolerances specified in the Specifications will not be required. The following specific requirements shall apply:
a.Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and construction cross-sections: “M” projects are based on plan quantities; therefore DTM and construction cross-sections are not required. Should the Engineer determine at any time that an actual measurement is warranted, the Department will make the necessary measurement in the field.
b.Borrow Pits: All borrow pit DTM’ s, originals and finals, will be secured by the Department. The Contractor should also secure DTMs or cross-sections of borrow areas. A claim of discrepancy in borrow volume will not be considered by the Engineer unless survey data was obtained and submitted by the Contractor to substantiate the claim.
c.Horizontal and vertical control for bridges: These stakeouts require certified plats. Certified plats, field notes, coordinates and computations shall be furnished to the Engineer by the Contractor in accordance with Sample Figures 2 and 3 as shown in the Department’ s Survey Manual prior to the Contractor beginning work on these structures.
d.Horizontal and vertical controls for all box culverts, all pipe culvert installations (including single and multiple line installations) with a total hydraulic opening equivalent to 12.6 square feet and larger, and for all closed systems such as storm sewers, and sanitary sewers regardless of size: These stakeouts are deemed critical and require certified plats. Exceptions may be granted by the Engineer for simple closed systems by requiring stake out sketches. The Contractor shall stake all such installations. Certified Plats for these stakeouts shall be in accordance with Sample Figure 1 as shown in the Department’ s Survey Manual and shall be submitted to the Engineer prior to the Contractor beginning work on these culvert structures. The notes, coordinates, or computations used to support the platted information shall be provided by the Contractor to the Engineer with the certified plat.
e.Horizontal and vertical control for pipe culvert installations (including single and multiple line installations) having a total hydraulic openings equivalent to 3.1 square feet and up to 12.5 square feet: The Contractor shall stake horizontal and vertical controls for pipe culvert instal - lations having a total hydraulic opening equivalent to 3.1 square feet and up to 12.5 square feet. These stakeouts require sketches, but not certified plats and shall be furnished to the Engineer prior to the Contractor beginning work on these culvert structures. For the purposes of identi - fying those pipe culvert installations refer to the areas (hydraulic openings) shown in the PB-1 Standards for the respective sizes of pipes specified on the plans. Where multiple lines of pipes are shown, the areas of the pipe sizes will apply to the total areas of the number of lines specified in the plans. For box culverts refer to the sizes shown in the BC-1 Standard to determine areas of total hydraulic opening. 517.05
f.Temporary Benchmarks: The Contractor shall provide and protect temporary construction benchmarks within the construction limits. Temporary construction benchmarks shall be located not farther than 500 feet apart for the total length of the project or as indicated on the plans. Temporary construction benchmarks that are disturbed by the Contractor’ s activities during construction operations shall be reestablished by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Department.
g.Grading and paving construction: The Contractor shall provide fine grade or other grade stakes required for the construction of all projects except as stated herein as the work progresses. Slope stakes are not required on “M” projects. Fine grade stakes shall be set on all projects on which the plans show a definite grade line. Fine grade hubs shall be set on at least one side with distances and grades referenced to the finished centerline grade. T ypically, on curves, the Contractor shall provide the distances and elevations to each edge of pavement and centerline through the transitions and the distances and elevations to the edge of pavement only (straight-line super) through full super portions of the curve. On projects where grading and paving is performed under the same contract, only one set of fine grade stakes will be required by the Engineer. Fine grade stakes may be used for fine grade and paving grade. On Secondary Road projects, fine grade stakes shall be provided by the Contractor only on those projects having curb and gutter or as directed by the Engineer. Special design ditches shall be staked with an offset and cut to the centerline of the ditch. Radius points for pavement flares at connections shall be staked by the Contractor.
h.Right of way and boundary stakeout affecting property ownership: Right of way stakes shall be placed at a minimum of 100-foot intervals on each side of the roadway or as directed by the Engineer and the stakes shall be marked with both the station and offset back to centerline. When specified in the Contract, the Contractor shall provide all final boundary stakeout in accor - dance with Section 503.
i.Setting right-of-way monuments: When specified in the Contract, the Contractor shall provide final right of way monumentation.
517.06 No Plan (N) projects
Roadway centerlines shall be in accordance with the centerline shown on the plans or established by the Engineer. The grade shall generally follow that shown on the plans. In the absence of a grade line on the plans, the proposed grade shall generally follow the existing grade as directed by the Engineer. The approximate depth of centerline cuts and fills will be obtained from the plans with the exception of certain locations at the discretion of the Engineer. At those locations, only a minimum number of center- line grade stakes may be furnished by the Department from which the approximate depth of centerline cuts and fills may be obtained. Slope tolerances specified in the Specifications will not be required.
517.07 Measurement and Payment
Construction surveying will be paid for at the contract lump sum price for the type of project specified, Construction or Minimum Plan. This price shall be full compensation for performing the work prescribed herein.
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Source: Road and Bridge Specifications, 2020 Edition. Pages 747–752 of 1,065. View official source ↗