5-73 Sectio N 504 – Furnishin G Equipmen T for Drivin G Piling
504.0 1 DESCRIPTION . This work shall consist of furnishing the equipment required to drive piles. 504.0 2 EQUIPMENT .
a.General Requirements . The Contractor shall obtain a copy of the Pile and Driving Equipment Data Form from the Engineer. The Contractor shall complete this form in its entirety and shall submit copies to the geotechnical consultant employed by the Contractor when load tests ar e required, and to the Engineer so that a wave equation analysis may be performed. At least 14 calendar day s prior to the beginning of any pile driving, the Contractor shall furnish , for the Engineer’s acceptance, specifications and applicable information to verify the capacity and capability of the proposed pile driving hammer. No test piles or production piles shall be driven prior to this acceptance. During the pile driving operations, no changes to the accepted equipment will be permitted wi thout the Engineer’s permission.
b.Hammers . The type of hammer or driver shall be adequate in size to develop sufficient energy to drive the type and length of pile specified to the maximum ultimate pile capacity or nominal axial pile resistance shown on the Plan s. Each hammer shall be equipped with an anvil or clamp suitable for transmitting the driving force to the pile. The valve mechanism and the other parts of the air or diesel hammer shall be mainta ined in first class condition to ensure that the length of stroke for a single -acting hammer and the design number of blows per minute for a double -acting hammer will be obtained. The drive head shall be axially aligned with the hammer and pile and shall be guided by leads and not be free -swinging. It shall fit around the pile head in such a manner as to prevent transfer of torsional forces during driving while maintaining proper alignment of the hammer and pile. The pile driving equipment shall not induce a compressive stress greater than 90% of the yield stress of the pile material. In addition, the pile driving equipment shall be capable of driving the pile to the required ultimate capacity at a blow count of between 3 blows and 15 blows per inch a s indicated by the wave equation analysis program (WEAP).
c.Leads and Bracing . The Contractor shall locate and brace each pile so that upon driving, its final position and alignment will be as specified and as shown on the Plan s. The selection of leads or form of bracing shall be adequate to align and restrain the piling during placement. If the leads or bracing are not adequate to place the piling to within the specified tolerance, the Contractor shall modify the leads or system of bracing until it obtains results acceptable t o the Engineer.
5-74 (d) Hammer Cushion . All impact pile driving equipment except gravity hammers shall be equipped
with a suitable thickness of hammer cushion material to prevent damage to the hammer or pile and to ensure uniform driving behavior. Hammer cushi ons shall be made of durable manufactured materials, such as Micarta, provided in accordance with the hammer manufacturer’s guidelines. Wood, wire rope, or asbestos hammer cushions will not be permitted. A striker plate, as recommended by the hammer manufa cturer, shall be placed on the hammer cushion to ensure uniform compression of the cushion material. The hammer cushion shall be inspected in the presence of the Engineer prior to beginning pile driving at each substructure unit or after each 100 hours of pile driving, whichever is less. Hammer cushions shall be replaced when either damaged or worn to 75% of their original thickness.
e.Saximeter . The Contractor shall provide a Saximeter or equivalent device to assist the inspector in collecting data to mo nitor the blow count (for all hammer types), the stroke (for open -end diesel hammers only), or the kinetic energy (if the hammer is equipped with proximity switches for measuring impact velocity). The Saximeter shall be completely charged and in sound work ing order prior to Agency use and shall be available for the duration of the pile driving operation. Pile driving operations shall not be conducted without the use of a Saximeter. The Saximeter shall perform the following functions:
1.Detect hammer blows automatically using sound recognition circuits, or manually with a keypad.
2.Automatically count blows and determine the blows per minute (BPM) for all impact hammers.
3.Calculate the stroke for open -end diesel hammers.
4.Store blow count, penetrati on, average stroke , or BPM data in memory.
5.Permit viewing of results on built -in screen.
6.Permit data transfer to computer s or printers. For hammers equipped with proximity switches, the Saximeter shall be deployed to acquire hammer impact velocity data by communicating with a transmitter mounted on the hammer and use this information to calculate the hammer’s kinetic energy. The Saximeter shall operate on rechargeable batteries, with the batteries and charger supplied by the Contractor.
f.Other Equipment . Other equipment required and not specified in this section shall be suitable for the use intended and shall be approved by the Engineer.
5-75 504.0 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . The type and size of the equipment for driving piling shall be
accepted by the Engineer prior to being moved onto the project. Unsatisfactory equipment shall be removed from the site and replaced with satisfactory equipment when directed by the Engineer. 504.0 4 METHO D OF MEASUREMENT . The quant ity of Furnishing Equipment for Driving Piling to be measured for payment will be on a lump sum basis for furnishing the equipment to drive all piles required on the project. 504.0 5 BASIS OF PAYMENT . The accepted quantity of Furnishing Equipment for Drivi ng Piling will be paid for at the Contract lump sum price. Payment will be full compensation for furnishing and mobilizing the required equipment to the project and demobilizing equipment from the project, including the erecting, dismantling, and all incid entals necessary to complete the work. The cost of all labor and materials, including operation and maintenance of the equipment for driving piles when used in connection with the driving of piles, except for the costs specified in this subsection , will be included in the Contract unit price s for the types of piles being driven. Partial payments will be made as follows:
a.When the equipment for driving piles has been set up and driving operations have started, a payment of 50% of the Contract lump sum price will be made.
b.The remaining 50% of the Contract lump sum price will be paid when pile -driving operations are comp lete and the equipment has been removed from the site. Payment will be made under: Pay Item Pay Unit 504.10 00 Furnishing Equipment for Driving Piling ................................ ................. Lump Sum
5-76 Sectio N 505 – Piling
505.0 1 DESCRIPTION . This work shall consist of furnishing and driving piles of the size and type specified, making field splices and performing pile load tests. 505.0 2 MATERIALS . Materials shall meet the requirements of the following subsection s: Steel Piling ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 730.01 Steel Sheet Piling ................................ ................................ ................................ .......730.02 505.0 3 FURNISHIN G PILING .
a.General Requirements . Piling shall be of the type and size shown on the Plan s. The lengths shown for a structure are for estimating purposes only, unless otherwise specified.
b.Steel Piling . Steel piling up to and including 20 feet in length shall be furnished in one un -welded piece. Steel piling over 20 feet in length shall be furnished with not more than the number of splices specified in Table 505.05A .
c.Permanent Steel Sheet Piling . The length, type, and classification of permanent steel sheet piling shall be as shown on the Plan s. 505.0 4 DRIVIN G PILING .
a.General Requirements . Piles shall not be driven until approved mill test reports have been received and it has been verified that they correspond to the heat or lot numbers marked on the piles. Piling other than sheet piling shall not be driven until the excavation has been made to the elevation shown for th e bottom of the footing. In embankment areas, the fill shall be completed to the bottom of the footing elevation prior to driving any piles. Any material forced up between the piles shall be removed at the Contractor’s expense to the correct elevation befo re concrete for the foundation is placed. Driving shall be done in a manner that will not damage or overstress the piles. All piling shall be driven to the required maximum ultimate axial pile capacity or nominal axial pile resistance and to the penetration depth as shown on the Plan s. Under no condition shall the required maximum ultimate axial pile capacity or nominal axial pile resistance be less than that shown on the Plan s except upon written approval of the Engineer.
Source: Vermont Standard Specifications for Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 487–489 of 1,380.