67 STRUCTURAL PLATE CULVERTS
67-1 General
67-1.01 General
Section 67 -1 includes general specifications for constructing structural plate culverts. Excavation, backfill, and shaped bedding must comply with section 19 -3. Section 61 -2 does not apply.
67-1.02 Materials
Not Used
67-1.03 Cons Truction
Not Used
67-1.04 Payment
Not Used
67-2 Structural Metal Plate Pipe
67-2.01 General
67-2.01A Summary
Section 67 -2 includes specifications for constructing structural metal plate pipe , arches , and pipe arches .
67-2.01B Definitions
Reserved
67-2.01C Submittals
Submit certificates of compliance for structural metal plate pipe, arches, and pipe arches. Submit a copy of the manufacturer's assembly instructions before assembling structural plates.
67-2.01D Quality Assurance
Reserved
67-2.02 Materials
67-2.02A General
Structural metal plate pipe, arches, and pipe arch es must be fabricated from structural steel plates or structural aluminum plates . The type of metal, steel or aluminum is described. Structural plates, nuts, and bolts for structura l steel plate pipe, arches, and pipe arches must comply with AASHTO M 167M/M 167. Structural plates, nuts, and bolts for structural aluminum plate pipe, arches, and pipe arches must comply with AASHTO M 219. Bolts must be zinc -coated steel and comply with ASTM A449. Nuts must be zinc - coated steel and comply with ASTM A563, Grade C. Do not mix aluminum and steel materials in the same installation, except steel bolts and nuts on structural aluminum plate pipe. The thickness of galvanized coating for structura l steel plate is determined under ASTM A123/A123M and ASTM A153/A153M. If welding of steel is required, it must comply with AWS D1.1 " Structural Welding Code ." Weld steel plates, except fittings, before galvanizing. If welding of aluminum is required, it m ust comply with AWS D1.2/D1.2M "Structural Welding Code ." The Engineer may perform nondestructive testing of the welds. Corner plates must be at least 0.138 inch thick for structural steel plate pipe arches that are 0.109 inch thick. SECTION 67 STRUCTURAL PLATE CULVERTS
67-2.02B Protective C oating
Coating for structural steel plate pipe, arches, and pipe arches must comply with section 66 -1.02C where coating is shown. If protective coating is applied to plates for structural steel plate pipe, arches, and pipe arches, each plate must have the nominal metal thickness painted on the inner surface of each plate so that the plate thickness can be readily identified. After installation, coat the portion of nuts and bolts used for assembly of coated structural steel plate pipe, arches, and pipe arche s projecting outside the pipe. The portion of nuts and bolts projecting inside the pipe need not be coated. Repair damaged coatings under section 66 -1.02C.
67-2.02C Identification
If plates of two dissimilar thicknesses are involved in one cross section o f an installation, the installation is described by pipe size and by a symbol designating the number and thickness of plates required. For example, the symbol (4.109 -1.168) designates an installation for one plate length composed of four 0.109 -inch-thick s teel plates and one 0.168 -inch-thick steel plate, the thicker plates to be centered on the invert. This designation does not prevent you from using fewer plates if the minimum thickness requirements are complied with.
67-2.02D Reserved
67-2.03 Constructi On
Assemble structural plates under the manufacturer's instructions. Repair damaged galvanized surfaces under section 75 -1.02B. You may construct pipes and pipe arches with fewer plates than the number designated if the number of plates around the circumference of structural metal plate pipes and pipe arches are described. Before backfilling, tighten plate section bolts within the ranges shown in the following table: Bolt diameter (in) Torque (ft -lb) 3/4 100–300 7/8 150–350 Place struts as shown during construction of pipes, arches, and pipe arches. Maintain the struts in place until backfill has been placed to the grading plane elevation or 5 feet over the crown, whichever is less. Remove the struts before construction of structures at the ends of pipes, arches, and pipe arches. Wherever pipes are connected to inlet and outlet structures, place the ends of the pipes flush or cut them off flush with the structure face. Each side of an arch must rest on a galvanized metal angle or channel bear ing that is securely anchored to the footing and capable of resisting the arch thrust without damage to the angle or channel.
67-2.04 Payment
The payment quantity for structural metal plate pipe is the length measured along the centerline of the pipe and parallel with the slope line. The payment quantity includes the length of bends and elbows. If the pipe is cut to fit a structure or slope, the payment quantity is the length of pipe necessary to be placed before cutting, measured in 4 -foot increments.
67-3 Metal Liner Plate Pipe
67-3.01 General
67-3.01A Summary
Section 67 -3 includes specifications for constructing metal liner plate pipe . Metal liner plate pipe must be constructed from 2 -flange or 4 -flange plates. SECTION 67 STRUCTURAL PLATE CULVERTS Pipes mus t be circular and consist of a series of galvanized corrugated metal liner plates with a minimum width of 18 inches for 2 -flange plates and 16 inches for 4 -flange plates. Furnish plates with 2 -inch diameter, or larger, grouting holes with pipe plugs. When the plates are installed, grouting holes must be spaced so that one line of holes is at the pipe crown and one line of holes is on each side at approximately the midpoint as shown. The holes in each line must be not more than 6 feet apart, and holes in adj acent lines must be staggered.
67-3.01B Definitions
Reserved
67-3.01C Submittals
Submit a certificate of compliance for metal liner plate pipe. Submit a copy of the manufacturer 's instructions before you assemble pipes. For tension test specimens, submit mill test reports as specified for plates for each heat and thickness upon notification.
67-3.01D Quality Assurance
Prepare and test specimens for tension under ASTM A283/A283M for plates and ASTM A1011/A1011M for sheets.
67-3.02 Materials
67-3.02A General
The base metal for liner plates must comply with ASTM A1011/A1011M. Ungalvanized flat sheets and plates must comply with the quality requirements in the following table: Quality characteristics Requirement Tensile strength (min, psi) 42,000 Yield point (min, psi) 28,000 Elongation in 2 inches (min, %) 30 Galvanize plates under AASHTO M 167M/M 167 after the plates are formed, punched, and curved. Bolts and nuts for assembling 2 -flange plates must not be less than 5/8 inch in nominal diameter. Bolts and nuts for circumferential flange seams must comply with ASTM A307 for Grade A chemical and mechanical requirements and Grade B dimensions. Bolts and nuts for longitudinal seams must have square heads with a square shoulder to eng age the plate. Bolts and nuts for longitudinal plate seams from 0.075 to 0.179 inch thick must comply with ASTM A307 for Grade A chemical and mechanical requirements. Bolts for longitudinal plate seams from 0.209 to 0.239 inch or thicker must comply with t he chemical and mechanical requirements under ASTM A449. Nuts for use on bolts specified in ASTM A449 must comply with ASTM A307 for Grade A chemical and mechanical requirements and Grade B dimensions. Bolts and nuts for the assembly of 4 -flange plates mus t not be less than 1/2 inch in nominal diameter for 0.105 to 0.179 -inch-thick plates and not less than 5/8 inch in nominal diameter for plates of greater thickness. Bolts and nuts must be quick -acting coarse thread complying with ASTM A307. Galvanize bolts and nuts under ASTM A153/A153M. The moment of inertia based on the average of 1 ring of plates, must not be less than the values shown in the following table: SECTION 67 STRUCTURAL PLATE CULVERTS Uncoated plate thickness Moment of inertia (in4/in) (in) 2-flange 4-flange 0.075 0.034 -- 0.105 0.049 0.042 0.135 0.064 0.055 0.164 0.079 0.070 0.179 0.087 0.075 0.209 0.103 0.087 0.239 0.118 0.120 0.250 -- 0.101 0.313 -- 0.123 0.375 -- 0.143 Longitudinal seams must have enough bolts to develop the ultimate seam strength shown in the following table: Uncoated plate thickness Strength (lb/ft of length of pipe) (in) 2-flange 4-flange 0.075 20,000 -- 0.105 30,000 26,000 0.135 47,000 43,000 0.164 55,000 50,000 0.179 62,000 54,000 0.209 87,000 67,000 0.239 92,000 81,000 0.313 -- 115,000 0.375 -- 119,000 Plates must be:
1.Punched for bolting on both longitudinal and circumferential seams or joints
2.Formed to produce squarely formed flanges
3.Fabricated so that complete erection is from the inside of the pipe Bolt holes in flanges must be spaced so that plates of the same curvature are interchangeable and to allow staggering of the longitudinal seams. Drilling, punching, or drifting to correct defects in manufacturing is not allowed. Plates with improperly punc hed holes will be rejected. Circumferential bolt spacing must be approximately 9 -1/2 inches center -to-center for 4-flange plates and must be approximately 12 -1/2 inches center -to-center for 2-flange plates.
67-3.02B Pressure Grouting
Grout for pressure gr outing must consist of a suitable mixture of cementitious material, sand, and a chloride -free admixture designed to provide a pumpable mix. The grout must contain at least 463 pounds of cementitious material per cubic yard and no more water than necessary to provide a pumpable grout. Materials for grout must be commercial quality. Grout must consist of cement and water and may contain an admixture if authorized. Admixtures must comply with the specifications for admixtures in section 90, except admixtures m ust not contain chloride ions in excess of 0.25 percent by weight and may be dispensed in solid form. Add water to the mixer followed by cement and admixture. Mix the grout with mechanical mixing equipment that produces a uniform and thoroughly mixed grout . Do not exceed 5 gal of water per 94 lb of cement. Retempering of grout is not allowed. Agitate the grout continuously until the grout is pumped. SECTION 67 STRUCTURAL PLATE CULVERTS
67-3.02C Reserved
67-3.03 Construction
Install pipes in existing embankments and natural ground by the tunn el method, except you may use open trench methods with shaped bedding near the entrance if authorized. Excavation must not precede plate installation by more than the width of a plate. Do not leave any excavation, including the face, unsupported except dur ing excavation activities. Voids between the liner plate and the wall of the excavation must be force -grouted within 8 hours of excavation. Assemble liner plates under the pipe manufacturer 's instructions. Handle plates in a way that prevents bruising, sca ling, or breaking of spelter coating. Replace plates damaged during handling or placing, and plates with damaged spelter coating, except you may repair small areas of spelter coating with minor damage under section 75 -1.02B if authorized. Tighten bolts spe cified in:
1.ASTM A307 to a torque from 25 to 60 ft -lb
2.ASTM A449 to a torque from 60 to 120 ft -lb Metal liner plate pipe must not vary by more than 1 foot from the line established by the Engineer and by more than 0.5 foot from the grade established b y the Engineer. Grouting equipment must be:
1.Capable of grouting at a pressure of at least 100 psi
2.Equipped with a pressure gauge having a full -scale reading of not more than 300 psi Force the grout through grouting holes in the plates in such a sequ ence and with enough pressure to completely fill the voids. Remove the plugs in grouting holes adjacent to the grouting hole being force - grouted to allow inspection of the grout filling. You may use free -running aggregate forced pneumatically into the voids between the liner plate and the wall of the excavation as temporary support of the excavation. Pressure grouting of aggregate must comply with section 50 -1.03B(2)(d) if the aggregate is pressure grouted within 72 hours of excavation.
67-3.04 Payment
The payment quantity for metal liner plate pipe is the length measured along the centerline of the pipe and parallel with the slope line.
67-4 67-9 Reserved
Source: California Standard Specifications, 2024 Edition. Pages 989–994 of 1,372.