and Bearing Material
705.01 Joint Fillers.
a.Joint Sealant with Backer Rod. The joint sealant material shall be an approved ASTM D5893 silicone sealant or ASTM D6690 Type II hot applied sealant on the Department’s Approved Products List. The materials shall be stored and applied per manufacturer’s recommendations, but they shall not be exposed to ambient temperatures in excess of 125 °F or stored in direct sunlight. The backer rod placed before joint sealant shall be an ASTM D5249 backer rod approved by the Engineer compatible with the joint sealant material chosen by the Contractor.
b.Preformed Joint Fillers. Preformed fillers for joints shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 213 and shall be punched to admit the dowels as shown on the plans. The filler for each joint shall be furnished in a single piece for the full depth and thickness required for the joint unless otherwise authorized by the Engineer. When the use of more than one piece is authorized for a joint, the abutting ends shall be fastened securely, and held accurately to shape, by stapling or other positive fastening satisfactory to the Engineer.
705.02 Watertight Joint Systems. Watertight joint systems for plastic pipe shall conform to the
requirements of ASTM D3212.
705.03 Gaskets. Rubber gasketed joints shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C443 and
shall be flexible and able to withstand expansion, contraction, and settlement. All rubber gaskets shall be stored in as cool a place as practicable, preferably at 70 °F or less. Rubber gaskets shall not be exposed to the direct rays of the sun for more than 72 hours. Rubber gaskets, of the type requiring lubrication, shall be lubricated with the lubricant recommended and supplied by the manufacturer of the pipe.
705.04 Pipe Joint Sealing Compounds. Joint sealing compounds for concrete pipe shall
conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 198. Joint sealants for metal pipe shall conform to the pipe manufacturer’s recommendations.
705.05 Compression Ring. Compression ring jointing connections for clay pipe, made of
resilient material, shall conform to the requirements of ASTM C425. 705- 1 705.06
705.06 Bearing Materials
Table 705-1 PolyIsoprene (Natural Rubber) Elastomer Specimen Properties ASTM Test 50 Duro 60 Duro 70 Duro Procedure Reqmts Reqmts Reqmts Physical Properties Hardness D2240 50 ± 5 60 ± 5 70 ± 5 15.5 15.5 15.5 Tensile Strength, MPa Minimum (psi) D412 (2250) (2250) (2250) Ultimate Elongation, % Minimum D412 450 400 300 Heat Resistance, 70 Hr./70 °C (158 °F) Change in Durometer Hardness, +10 +10 +10 Maximum Points Change in Tensile Strength, % Maximum D573 -25 -25 -25 Change in Ultimate Elongation, % D573 -25 -25 -25 Maximum Compression Set D395 % Maximum, 22 Hr/70 °C (158 °F) Method B 25 25 25 Ozone Resistance, 20% Strain 25 ppm Ozone in Air by Volume 38 ± 1 °C (100 ± 2 °F)/48 Hr. No No No D1149 Mounting Procedure ASTM D518, Cracks Cracks Cracks Procedure A Adhesion Bond Made during Vulcanization, D429, B 7 (40) 7 (40) 7 (40) N per mm (Lb. per Inch) Low Temperature Brittleness: Grade 3 at -40 °C (-40 °F) D746 No No No Grade 4 at -48 °C (-55 °F) Procedure B Failure Failure Failure Grade 5 at -57 °C (-70 °F) Instantaneous Thermal Stiffening: Grade 3 at -40 °C (-40 °F) * * * Grade 4 at -46 °C (-50 °F) D1043 Grade 5 at -54 °C (-65 °F) Low Temperature Crystallization: D4014 Grade 3, 14 Days at -26 °C (-15 °F) Quad Shear Test as Grade 4, 21 Days at -37 °C (-35 °F) described in Annex # # # Grade 5, 28 Days at -37 °C (-35 °F) A Table 705-1 Notes: *Stiffness at test temperature shall not exceed 4 times the stiffness measured at 23 °C (73 °F). #Stiffness at test time and temperature shall not exceed 4 times the stiffness measured at 23 °C (73 °F) with no time delay. The stiffness shall be measured with a quad shear test rig in an enclosed freezer unit. The test specimens shall be taken from a randomly selected bearing. A ± 25° strain cycle shall be used, and a complete cycle of strain shall be applied with a period of 100 seconds. The first 3/4 cycle of strain shall be discarded, and the stiffness shall be determined by the slope of the force deflection curve for the next 1/2 cycle of loading. ASTM D1043 refers to the “Modulus of Rigidity” while ASTM D4014 refers to the “Shear Modulus Stiffness”. The word “stiffness” is used to describe both terms. 705- 2 705.06 Table 705-2 Chloroprene (Neoprene) Elastomer ASTM Test 50 Duro 60 Duro 70 Duro Specimen Properties Procedure Reqmts Reqmts Reqmts Physical Properties Hardness D240 50 ± 5 60 ± 5 70 ± 5 17.2 17.2 17.2 Tensile Strength, MPa Minimum (psi). D412 (2500) (2500) (2500) Ultimate Elongation, % Minimum D412 400 350 300 Heat Resistance, 70 Hr/ 70 °C (158 °F) Change in Durometer Hardness, Maximum +15 +15 +15 Points Change in Tensile Strength, D573 -15 -15 -15 % Maximum Change in Ultimate Elongation, D573 -40 -40 -40 % Maximum Compression Set D395 % Maximum, 22 Hr/100 °C (212 °F) Method B 35 35 35 Ozone Resistance, 20% Strain 100 ppm Ozone in Air by Volume No No No 38 ± 1 °C (100 ± 2 °F)/ 100 Hr D1149 Cracks Cracks Cracks Mounting Procedure ASTM D518, Procedure A Adhesion Bond Made during Vulcanization, D429, B 7 (40) 7 (40) 7 (40) N per mm (Lb per Inch) Low Temperature Brittleness: Grade 3 at -40 °C (-40 °F) D746 No No No Grade 4 at -48 °C (-55 °F) Procedure B Failure Failure Failure Grade 5 at -57 °C (-70 °F) Instantaneous Thermal Stiffening: Grade 3 at -40 °C (-40 °F) * * * Grade 4 at -46 °C (-50 °F) D1043 Grade 5 at -54 °C (-65 °F) Low Temperature Crystallization: D4014 Grade 3, 14 Days at -26 °C (-15 °F) Quad Shear Test as # # # Grade 4, 21 Days at -37 °C (-35 °F) described in Annex Grade 5, 28 Days at -37 °C (-35 °F) A Table 705-2 Notes: *Stiffness at test temperature shall not exceed 4 times the stiffness measured at 23 °C (73 °F). #Stiffness at test time and temperature shall not exceed 4 times the stiffness measured at 23 °C (73 °F) with no time delay. The stiffness shall be measured with a quad shear test rig in an enclosed freezer unit. The test specimens shall be taken from a randomly selected bearing. A ± 25° strain cycle shall be used, and a complete cycle of strain shall be applied with a period of 100 seconds. The first 3/4 cycle of strain shall be discarded, and the stiffness shall be determined by the slope of the force deflection curve for the next 1/2 cycle of loading. ASTM D1043 refers to the “Modulus of Rigidity” while ASTM D4014 refers to the “Shear Modulus Stiffness”. The word “stiffness” is used to describe both terms. 705- 3 705.06
a.Elastomeric Bearing Pads. Laminates shall be rolled mild steel sheets conforming to AASHTO M 270 Grade 36 unless otherwise specified. A Durometer hardness of 60 shall be used unless otherwise shown on the plans. The elastomer portion of the elastomeric compound shall be 100 percent virgin natural polyisoprene (natural rubber) or 100 percent virgin chloroprene (neoprene) and shall be at least 60 percent by volume of the total compound.
b.Sheet Lead. Sheet lead shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B29 for common desilverized lead.
c.Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Sheets. PTFE resin shall be virgin material conforming to the requirements of ASTM D 4894 or D4895. The specific gravity shall be 2.13 to 2.19 and the melting point shall be 623 °F plus or minus 2°F. Filler material shall be milled glass fibers, carbon, or other approved inert filler materials. Finished unfilled PTFE sheet shall be made from PTFE resin and shall conform to the following requirements: Tensile strength (minimum) ASTM D4894 or D4895 2,800 psi Elongation (minimum) ASTM D4894 or D4895 200 percent Filled PTFE sheet shall be made from PTFE resin uniformly blended with inert filler material. Finished filled PTFE sheet containing glass fiber or carbon shall conform to the following requirements: Table 705-3 Finished Filled PTFE Requirements 15% Glass Mechanical ASTM Method 25% Carbon Fiber Tensile Strength (min.) D4894 or D4895 2000 psi 1300 psi Elongation (min.) D4894 or D4895 150% 75% 15% Glass Physical ASTM Method 25% Carbon Fiber Specific Gravity (min.) D4894 or D4895 2.20 2.10 Melting Point D4894 or D4895 621 °F ± 18 °F 621 °F ± 18 °F The maximum coefficient of friction for the PTFE shall be as follows: Table 705-4 PTFE Maximum Coefficient of Friction Bearing 500 psi 2000 psi 3000 psi Pressure Unfilled PTFE 0.08 0.06 0.04 Filled PTFE 0.12 0.1 0.08 705- 4 705.06 The average bearing pressure on the PTFE sliding surface due to all loads shall not exceed: Table 705-5 PTFE Maximum Average Bearing Pressure On Sliding Surface Type II Bearing Device Unfilled and 2000 psi Filled PTFE Type III Bearing Device Filled PTFE 3500 psi Unfilled PTFE (Recessed) 3500 psi Unfilled PTFE (Not Recessed) 2000 psi The edge load pressure due to all loads and rotations shall not exceed: Unfilled and filled PTFE (Type II and III Bearing Device) 5000 psi.
d.Stainless-steel Sheets. The stainless-steel sheet shall be 16-gauge minimum thickness and shall conform to ASTM A240, Type 304.
e.Adhesive Material. Adhesive material shall be an epoxy resin meeting the requirements of Federal Specification MMM-A-134, FEP film or approved equal.
f.Certification and Testing. The Contractor shall furnish a manufacturer's certification that the material proposed for use on the project meets the requirements set forth in the tables above. The Department also reserves the right to test random samples of full-size bearings proposed for use on the project. The following values shall be met under laboratory testing of full-size bearings.
1.Compressive strain of any layer of an elastomeric bearing shall not exceed 7 percent at 800-psi average unit pressure, or at the design dead load plus live load pressure when so shown on the plans.
2.The shear resistance of the bearing shall not exceed 30 psi for 50 durometer, 40 psi for 60 durometer, or 50 psi for 70 durometer, polyisoprene compounds, nor 50 psi for 50 durometer, 75 psi for 60 durometer, or 110 psi for 70 durometer, chloroprene compounds. Shear resistance shall be measured at 25 percent strain of the total effective rubber thickness after an extended four-day ambient temperature of minus 20 °F. Components of nominal hardness between values shown may be used and test requirements interpolated. When test specimens are cut from the finished product a 10 percent variation in “physical properties” will be permitted.
g.Tolerances. Flash tolerance, finish and appearance shall meet the requirements of the latest edition of the Rubber Handbook as published by the Rubber Manufacturers Association, Inc., RMA F3 and T.063 for molded bearings and RMA F2 for extruded bearings. For both plain and laminated bearings, the permissible variation from the dimensions and configuration required by the plans and these specifications shall be as follows: 705- 5 705.07 Table 705-6 Dimensional Tolerances for Bearings Overall Vertical Dimensions: Average Total Thickness 1 1/4 inches or less -0, +1/8 inch Average Total Thickness over 1 1/4 inches -0, +1/4 inch Overall Horizontal Dimension: 36 inches and less -0, +1/4 inch Over 36 inches -0, +1/2 inch Thickness of Individual Layers of: Elastomer (Laminated Bearings Only) ±1/8 inch Variation from a Plane parallel to the Theoretical Surface (as determined by measurements at the edges of the bearings): Top ±1/8 inch Sides ±1/4 inch Individual Non-Elastic Laminates ±1/8 inch Position of Exposed Connection Members: ±1/8 inch Edge Cover of Embedded Laminates or Connection Members: -0, +1/8 inch Size of Holes, Slots or Inserts: ±1/8 inch Position of Holes, Slots or Inserts: ±1/8 inch
705.07 Protective Covering for Bridge Deck Waterproofing Membrane. The protective
covering shall be composed of one or more layers of felt thoroughly bonded together and saturated with asphalt. Both exposed sides shall be asphalt-coated. The density shall be 55 pounds per 100 square feet. The surfaces shall be coated with suitable mineral matter to prevent the material from sticking to itself. The covering may be furnished in either rolls or sheets. The covering shall be free of visible external defects, such as holes, ragged or untrue edges, breaks, cracks, tears, protuberances, and indentations. The covering furnished in rolls shall not crack nor be so sticky as to cause material damage upon being unrolled at atmospheric temperatures as low as 50 °F. The covering shall conform to the following requirements when tested per Colorado Procedure L-2202: 705- 6 705.08 Table 705-7 Protective Covering Requirements for Bridge Deck Waterproofing Membrane Property Determined Specification Width Min. 35 1/2", Max. 60 1/2" At least 4 of 5 strips shall not crack when bent Pliability at 25 °C (77 °F) 90° over a rounded corner of 13 mm (1/2") radius. Max. 1.5 percent volatile loss. Behavior on heating to 80 °C (176 °F) No flowing, sagging or blistering. Weight per square foot 0.5 lb Protective covering may be conditionally accepted in the field based on visual inspection for appearance, workmanship, and weight per square foot of a representative specimen.
705.08 Prefabricated, Reinforced Membrane and Primer. The membrane shall be a factory-
laminated sheet composed of either rubberized asphalt, bituminous mastic, or similar compounds reinforced with synthetic or fiberglass fabric. It shall be uniformly manufactured free from blemishes, discontinuities, and other defects. The membrane shall be supplied in rolls, having a minimum width of 30 inches and shall conform to the following requirements: Table 705-8 Prefabricated, Reinforced Membrane Requirements Property Test Specification Determined Procedure Thickness 70 mils minimum Pliability CP L-2203 No cracks The primer used to bond membrane to the deck and to seal seams and patches shall be a water- resistant adhesive compatible with the membrane. The primer shall be of suitable consistency for application by brush, roller, or spray without further dilution.
705.09 Single Component, Hot Applied, Elastomeric Membrane. The membrane shall be
capable of being sprayed or spread to a uniform thickness at the application temperature recommended by the manufacturer. After cooling, it shall form a tough resilient membrane, well bonded to the concrete surface and shall conform to the requirement of ASTM D6690 Type 2, except blocks for the bond test shall be prepared per CP-L 4101. The sealant shall be listed in CDOT’s Approved Products List before use. 705- 7 705.10
705.10 Waterstop. Neoprene waterstop shall be made of suitable synthetic rubber.
Neoprene waterstop shall conform to the applicable requirements designated in the latest edition of the Corp of Engineers Specifications for Rubber Waterstops CRD-C513. Plastic waterstop shall be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic. Plastic waterstop shall conform to the requirements designated in the latest edition of the Corp of Engineers Specifications for Polyvinyl chloride Waterstops CRD-C572. 705- 8 706.01
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Source: 2025 Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2025 Edition. Pages 871–878 of 967. View official source ↗