411-1 Description.
Inject epoxy into cracks in portland cement concrete.
411-2 Materials.
Meet the requirements of Section 926 and as follows: Use Type E compound epoxy for injection. Use Type F-1 compound epoxy for sealing crack surfaces in preparation for injection. Use epoxy materials listed on the Department’s Approved Product List (APL).
411-3 Equipment.
For the equipment used to inject the epoxy, meet the recommend ations of the epoxy injection material manufacturer and the following requirements:
1.Use equipment that has the capacity to automatically proportion the material components within the mix ratio tolerances set by the epoxy materials manufacturer.
2.Use equipment that has the capacity to automatically mix the epoxy component materials within the pump and injection apparatus. The Engineer will not allow batch mixing.
3.Use equipment that has the capacity to inject the epoxy resin under controlled variable pressures up to 200 psi, with a pressure gauge mounted at or near the nozzle to indicate the actual working pressure.
411-4 Injection Personnel Qualifications.
Employ personnel trained in performing injection work similar to that required for the project to carry out the epoxy injection of cracks in concrete. Provide an on -site supervisor for the epoxy injection work who is qualified by one of the following methods:
1.Certified by the manufacturer of the epoxy injection material as having the necessary competence to accomplish the epoxy injection work in a satisfactory and safe manner in compliance with these Specifications.
2.They can furnish documented evidence that they have a minimum of three years experience of on -site supervision of simila r epoxy injection work and a list of five contracts in which similar epoxy injection was acceptably completed. Ensure that the listed experience in on -site supervision and completed contracts contains the project name and location, names of contracting par ties, the owner ’s name, brief description of the work, and dates of completion of the epoxy injection work. Submit written evidence showing personnel training and the on -site supervisor ’s qualification to the Department prior to beginning any epoxy inject ion work.
411-5 Crack Surface Preparation and Cleaning Requirements.
Clean the area surrounding the cracks of all deteriorated concrete, efflorescence and other contaminants detrimental to the adhesion of the surface sealing epoxy compound. Clean the interiors of the cracks with air under sufficient pressure to remove loose materials entrapped within the crack including efflorescence. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
411-6 Sealing Cracks for Epoxy Injection.
After cleaning, drill injection port holes using a swivel drill chuck and hollow drill bits, including a vacuum attachment which will remove dust and debris generated during drilling. Determine the spacing of the injection port holes by the size of the crack and the depth of the crack in the concrete substrate. Generally, space the in jection ports from 4 to 8 inches apart. Determine the actual spacing of injection ports by field trials. Drill the holes to a minimum depth of 5/8 inch, exercising care in aligning the hole along the plane of the crack so that the hole follows the crack fo r the full 5/8 inch depth. Insert the injection ports in the drilled holes approximately 1/2 inch, allowing for a small reservoir below the injection port. After cleaning the cracks and drilling the injection port holes, seal the crack surface and the injection ports with suitable epoxy.
411-7 Epoxy Injection.
Inject the epoxy in accordance with the epoxy manufacturer’s instructions. Determine the actual injection procedures and pressures in field trials, based on crack widths and depth into the substrate and sufficiency of the results.
411-8 Cleaning After Epoxy Injection.
Clean concrete surface areas of excess epoxy materials and injection ports after completing the epoxy injection work. Clean in a manner which will not damage the concrete by scraping, light sand blasting, grinding, use of solvents, or any other appropriate method approved by the Engineer. Clean excess materials so that no epoxy material or injection ports extend beyond the plane surface of the concrete.
411-9 Acceptance.
Drill three cores located in each day’s work as directed by the Engineer. Take drilled core samples containing representative crack sizes. The Engineer will accept the epoxy injection work represented by the core samples when the core samples indicate that 90% of the crack void greater than 0.006 inch wide is filled with epoxy resin and the concrete of the core sample is bonded through the crack into a unit. Reinject epoxy injection work which does not satisfy the acceptance criteria, and correct it as necessary at no expense to the Department. Install additional injection ports as required to achieve satisfactory reinjection of epoxy resin. After the epoxy injection work is completed and accepted, fill the core holes with an epoxy mortar consisting of one part by volume epoxy injection resin and four parts by volume clean, dry sand. Supply the sand in moisture proof bags. Do not use previously opened bags of sand for making epoxy mortar. The Contractor may use one part by volume epoxy material for sealing with one part by volume clean, dry sand in lieu of the above.
411-10 Method of Measurement.
411-10.1 Epoxy Material: The quantity to be paid will be the volume, in gallons,
authorized, injected, and accepted.
411-10.2 Inject and Seal Crack: The quantity to be paid will be the length, in feet,
authorized and accepted, measured along the approximate centerline of the sealed crack. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
411-11 Basis of Payment.
411-11.1 Epoxy Material: Price and payment will be full compensation for all work
specified in this Se ction, including furnishing the epoxy material, and miscellaneous related costs, storage, handling, etc.
411-11.2 Inject and Seal Crack: Price and payment will constitute full compensation for
furnishing all labor, equipment, incidentals and materials (ex cept epoxy), for cleaning and sealing the crack, and all labor and equipment for injecting the crack.
411-11.3 Payment Items: Payment will be made under:
Item No. 411 - 1- Epoxy Material - per gallon. Item No. 411 - 2- Inject and Seal Crack - per foot. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents SECTION 413 SEALING CRACKS AND CONCRETE STRUCTURE SURFACES
413-1 Description.
Seal concrete surfaces and cracks in concrete using materials, surface preparation, and application of penetrant sealers and high molecular weight methacrylate s (HMWM) as specified in this Section and in accordance with the manufacturer recommendations. Consult with the FDOT State Materials Office (SMO) in the event of conflict between the manufacturer’s recommendations and this Specification. Perform surface preparation and application to all areas as shown in the Plans or as directed by the Engineer .
413-2 Penetrant Sealers.
413-2.1 Materials: Use alkylalkoxysilane penetrant sealers, with 40 percent solids and
active materials dispersed in water that meet the following: Table 413-1 Physical Properties of Penetrant Sealers Appearance White, or light gray color or fugitive dye VOC content (EPA method 24) Less than 350 g/l Flash Point (ASTM 3278) Greater than 200°F SETA Resistance to Chloride ion penetration AASHTO T 259 and T 260 Less than 0.52 pounds/yd3(criteria of 1.5) at 1/2 inch level ; 0.00 pounds/yd3 (criteria of 0.75) at 1 inch level Water absorption test (ASTM C642) 0.50% maximum/48 hours; 1.5% maximum/50 days NCHRP 244 Series II - cube test Water weight gain 85% reduction minimum Absorbed chloride 87% reduction minimum Series IV - Southern climate Absorbed chloride 95% reduction minimum Scaling resistance (ASTM C672) (non - air - entrained concrete) 0 rating “No Scaling” (100 cycles)
413-2.2 Surface Preparation for Penetrant Sealer:
413-2.2 1 General: Prepare concrete surfaces to receive a penetrant sealer in
accordance with these Specifications dependent on whether the surfaces are of recently cast concrete (new construction) or of existing concrete.
413-2.2 2 Surface Preparation f or New Construction: Remove substances such
as dust, grime, dirt, curing compounds, form oil, debris, etc. by water blasting, light sandblasting, wire brushing, or other methods acceptable to the Engineer, all in accordance with the penetrant sealer manufa cturer’s recommendations. When using cleaning methods other than water blasting, wash the cleaned surfaces with water meeting the requirements of Section 923, as a final cleaning operation.
413-2.2 3 Surface Preparation for Existing Concrete: Remove subs tances such
as dust, grime, dirt, stains, mineral deposits, oil, bituminous materials, debris, and all other FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
Source: Florida Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 446–448 of 1,299.