711-1 Description.
Apply new thermoplastic pavement markings, or refurbish existing thermoplastic pavement markings, in accordance with the Contract Documents.
711-2 Materials.
Use only materials listed on the Department’s Approved Product List (APL) meeting the following requirements . Hot-Applied Standard and Refurbishment Thermoplastic .... ................................ ................................ ..... 971-1 and 971 -5 Preformed Thermoplastic ............................ 971-1 and 971 -6 Hot-Applied High Friction Thermoplastic 971-1 and 971 -10 Glass Spheres ................................ .............. 971-1 and 971 -2 The Engineer will take random samples of all material in accordance with the Department’s Sampling, Testing and Reporting Guide schedule.
711-3 Equipment.
Use equipment capable of providing continuous, uniform heating of the pavem ent marking material to temperatures exceeding 390ºF, mixing and agitation of the material in the reservoir to provide a homogeneous mixture without segregation. Use equipment that will maintain the pavement marking material in a plastic state, in all mixi ng and conveying parts, including the line dispensing device until applied. Use equipment which can produce varying line widths and which meets the following requirements:
1.Capable of traveling at a uniform, predetermined rate of speed, both uphill and downhill, to produce a uniform application of pavement marking material and capable of following straight lines and making normal curves in a true arc.
2.Capable of applying glass spheres to the surface of the completed pavement marking by a double dro p application for standard thermoplastic pavement markings and a single drop application for recapping and refurbishment thermoplastic pavement markings. The bead dispenser for the first bead drop shall be attached to the pavement marking machine in such a manner that the beads are dispensed closely behind the installed line. The second bead dispenser bead shall be attached to the pavement marking machine in such a manner that the beads are dispensed immediately after the first bead drop application. Use gl ass spheres dispensers equipped with an automatic cut -off control that is synchronized with the cut -off of the thermoplastic material and applies the glass spheres uniformly on the entire pavement markings surface with 50 to 60% embedment.
3.Equipped wi th a special kettle for uniformly heating and melting the pavement marking material. The kettle must be equipped with an automatic temperature control device and material thermometer for positive temperature control and to prevent overheating or scorching of the thermoplastic material.
4.Meet the requirements of the National Fire Protection Association, state, and local authorities. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
711-4 Application.
711-4.1 General: Remove existing thermoplastic pavement markings using a method
approved by the Engineer such that pavement surface scars or traces of the removed thermoplastic pavement markings will not conflict with new pavement markings. Do not use paint to blackout, hi de, or disguise existing pavement markings. Before applying pavement markings, remove any material that would adversely affect the bond of the pavement markings by a method approved by the Engineer. Before applying pavement markings to any portland cem ent concrete surface, apply a primer, sealer, or surface preparation adhesive of the type recommended by the manufacturer. Offset longitudinal lines at least 2 inches from any longitudinal joints of portland cement concrete pavement. Apply pavement marki ngs to dry surfaces only, and when the ambient air and surface temperature is at least 50ºF and rising for asphalt surfaces and 60°F and rising for concrete surfaces. Apply pavement markings to the same tolerances in dimensions and in alignment specified in 710-5. When applying pavement markings over existing markings, ensure that no more than 2 inches on either end and not more than 1 inch on either side of the existing line is visible. Apply thermoplastic material to the pavement by extrusion or other means approved by the Engineer. When thermoplastic pavement markings are to be removed and replaced, apply new thermoplastic pavement markings prior to opening to traffic. Conduct field tests in accordance with FM 5-541.Take test readings representative of the pavement marking performance. Remove and replace pavement markings not meeting the requirements of this Section at no additional cost to the Department. With the exc eption of short -term raised rumble strips, wait at least 14 days after constructing the final asphalt surface course to place thermoplastic pavement markings. Installation of thermoplastic on concrete requires a clean, dry surface. Follow the manufacturer’ s recommendations for surface preparation for thermoplastic on concrete. Provide temporary pavement markings during the interim period prior to opening the road to traffic.
711-4.1 1 Preformed Thermoplastic: Apply markings to dry surfaces only and
when ambient air temperature is at least 32°F. Prior to installation, follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for pre -heating. For railroad dynamic envelopes, keep all equipment and personnel out of the foul area.
711-4.1 2 Hot-Applied High Friction Thermopl astic: Hot-applied high friction
thermoplastic may be used as an alternative to preformed thermoplastic for special emphasis crosswalk markings. Apply markings only by gravity or air pressure thermoplastic hand liners set-up with double drop bead attachmen ts. Install markings in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
711-4.2 Thickness:
711-4.2 1 Hot-Applied Standard Thermoplastic Markings : Apply or recap
standard thermoplastic pavement markings for longitudinal lines to attain a minimum thickness of 0.10 inch or 100 mils and a maximum thickness 0.15 inch or 150 mils when measured above the pavement surface. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents Markings other than longitudinal lines , wherever located, will have a thickness of 0.09 inch or 90 mils to 0.12 inch or 12 0 mils when measured above the pavement surface. Measure, record and certify on Department approved form and submit to the Engineer, the thickness of white and yellow pavement markings in accordance with FM 5- 541. The Engineer will verify the thickne ss of the pavement markings in accordance with FM 5-541 within 30 days of receipt of the Contractor’s certification.
711-4.2 2 Hot-Applied Refurbish ment Thermoplastic Markings: Apply a
minimum of 0.06 inch or 60 mils of thermoplastic material. Ensure tha t the combination of the existing marking and the overlay after application of glass spheres does not exceed the maximum thickness of 0.150 inch or 150 mils for all lines . Measure, record and certify on Department approved form and submit to the Enginee r, the thickness of white and yellow pavement markings in accordance with FM 5- 541. The Engineer will verify the thickness of the pavement markings in accordance with FM 5-541 within 30 days of receipt of the Contractor’s certification.
711-4.2 3 Pref ormed Thermoplastic Markings : Apply 0.125 inch or 125 mils
of preformed thermoplastic material . Use preformed thermoplastic fo r bicycle markings, shared use path markings, 24-inch markings on s pecial emphasis crosswalks, route shields, ramp exit numbers, roundabout informational markings , railroad dynamic envelopes, white dotted lines (2’ -4’) with trailing black contrast, 12-inch transverse crosswalk lines with black contrast, 24 -inch stop line with black contrast , and black contrast arrows, messag es, and symbols. Measure, record and certify on Department approved form and submit to the Engineer, the thickness of the pavement markings in accordance with FM 5-541.
711-4.2 4 Hot-Applied High Friction Thermoplastic: Apply lines to attain a
minimum thickness of 0.09 inch or 90 mils and a maximum thickness of 0.12 inch or 120 mils, when measured above the pavement surface. Measure, record and certify on Department approved form and submit to the Engineer, the thickness of the pavement markings in accordance with FM 5-541.
711-4.3 Retroreflectivity:
711-4.3 1 General: Measure, record and certify on Department approved form
and submit to the Engineer, the retroreflectivity of white and yellow pavement markings in accordance with FM 5-541.
711-4.3 2 Longitudinal Lines: Apply hot-applied standard and refurbishment
thermoplastic pavement markings that will attain an initial retroreflectivity of not less than 450 mcd/lx·m2 and not less than 350 mcd/lx·m2 for white and yellow , respectively.
711-4.3 3 Markings Other Than Longitudinal Lines: Apply hot-applied
standard and refurbishment thermoplastic marking s that will attain an initial retroreflectivity of not less than 300 mcd/lx·m2 and 250 mcd/lx·m2 for white and yellow , respectively.
711-4.3 4 Preformed and Hot -Applied High Friction Markings : Apply white
preformed thermoplastic markings and hot-applied high friction thermoplastic markings that will attain an initial retroreflectivity of not less than 200 mcd/lx·m2. Black pavement markings mu st have a retroreflectance of less than 20 mcd/lx·m2.
711-4.4 Glass Spheres:
FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
711-4.4 1 Longitudinal Lines: For hot-applied standard thermoplastic marking s,
apply the first drop of Type 4 or larger glass spheres immediately followed by the second drop of Type 1 glass spheres. For hot-applied refurbishment thermoplastic markings, apply a single drop of Type 3 glass spheres. Apply retroreflective glass spheres to all markings at the rates provided in the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
711-4.4 2 Markings Other Than Longitudinal Lines : For hot-applied standard
and refurbishment thermoplastic markings, apply a single drop of Type 1 glass spheres and sharp silica sand at the rates provided in the manufacturer’s installation instructions . Use sharp silica sand materials meeting the requirements of 971 -5.4. For hot-applied high friction thermoplastic markings, apply retroreflective and friction elements at the rates provided in the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
711-4.4 3 Preformed Markings: These markings are factory supplied with glass
spheres and friction elements . Apply additional glass spheres and friction elements in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
711-5 Contractor’s Responsibility for Notification.
Notify the Engineer prior to the placement of the materials. At the time of notification, submit a certification to the Engineer with the APL number and the batch or LOT numbers of the thermoplastic and glass spheres to be used. Packaging labels that contain the information required by 971 -1.1 will be accepted in place of a certification.
711-6 Protection of Newly Applied Thermoplastic Pavement Markings.
Do not allow traf fic onto or permit vehicles to cross newly applied pavement markings until they are sufficiently dry. Remove and replace any portion of the pavement markings damaged by passing traffic or from any other cause, at no additional cost to the Department .
711-7 Observation Period.
Longitudinal pavement markings are subject to a 180 day observation period under normal traffic. The observation period shall begin with the satisfactory completion and acceptance of the work. The longitudinal pavement markings shall show no signs of failure due to blistering, excessive cracking, chipping, discoloration, poor adhesion to the pavement, loss of retroreflectivity or vehicular damage. The retroreflectivity shall meet the initial requirements of
711-4.3 The Departmen t reserves the right to check the retroreflectivity any time prior to the end
of the observation period. Replace, at no additional expense to the Department, any longitudinal pavement markings that do not perform satisfactorily under traffic during the 18 0 day observation period.
711-8 Corrections for Deficiencies.
Recapping applies to conditions where additional pavement marking material is applied to new or refurbished pavement markings to correct a thickness deficiency. Correct deficiencies by recappin g or removal and reapplication of a 1 mile section centered around the deficiency, as determined by the Engineer, at no additional cost to the Department.
711-9 Method of Measurement.
711-9.1 Thermoplastic Pavement Markings : The plan quantity , acceptably applied and
subject to 9 -1.3.2, under this Section will be paid as follows: FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
1.The length, in gross miles, of solid, 10’ -30’ skip, 3’ -9’ dotted, 6’ -10’ dotted, 2’- 2’ dotted, and 2’-4’ dotted lines.
2.The length, in linear feet, of transverse lines, di agonal lines, chevrons, parking spaces, special emphasis crosswalk markings, and railroad dynamic envelope markings .
3.The number of pavement messages, symbols, and arrows. Each arrow is paid as a complete marking, regardless of the number of “points” o r directions . The gross mile measurement will be taken as the distance from the beginning of the thermoplastic line to the end of the thermoplastic line and will include the unmarked gaps for skip and dotted lines. The gross mile measurement will not incl ude designated unmarked lengths at intersections, turn lanes, etc.
711-9.2 Removal of Existing Thermoplastic Markings: The quantity for removal of
existing thermoplastic pavement markings to be paid will be the area, in square feet, acceptably removed. Payment for removal of thermoplastic pavement markings will only be made for locations where the existing pavement surface is to remain .
711-10 Basis of Payment.
Prices and payments will be full compensation for all work specified in this Section , including, all cleaning and preparing of surfaces, furnishing of all materials, application, curing and protection of all items, protection of traffic, furnishing of all tools, machines and equipment, and all incidentals necessary to complete the work. F inal payment will be withheld until all deficiencies are corrected. Payment will be made under: Item No. 711 Thermoplastic Pavement Markings Solid - per gross mile. Solid - per linear foot. Skip - per gross mile. Dotted - per gross mile . Message or Symbol - each. Arrows - each. Yield Line - per linear foot. Railroad Dynamic Envelope - per linear foot. Remove - per square foot. FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents SECTION 713 PERMANENT TAPE PAVEMENT MARKINGS
713-1 Description.
Apply permanent tape pavement markings, in accordance with the Contract Documents.
713-2 Materials.
Use only materials listed on the Department’s Approved Product List ( APL) meeting the following requirements : Permanent Tape ................................ .......... 971-1 and 971 -7 The Engineer will take random samples of all material in accordance with the Department’s Sampling, Testing and Reporting Guide schedule.
713-3 Equipment.
Use equipment that is mobile a nd maneuverable to the extent that straight lines can be followed, and normal curves can be made in a true arc. Ensure the mechanical applicator is equipped with film cut -off device and a measuring device that automatically and accumulatively measures the length of each line placed with an accuracy tolerance of plus or minus 2 percent. Tape may be placed by hand on short sections, 500 feet or less if the tolerances in dimensions and in alignment specified in 710 -5 are met.
713-4 Application.
713-4.1 General: Remove existing pavement markings, such that scars or traces of
removed markings will not conflict with new pavement markings by a method approved by the Engineer. Before applying permanent tape, remove any material by a method approved by the Engine er that would adversely affect the bond of the tape . Apply a primer, sealer or surface preparation adhesive of the type recommended by the manufacturer. Ensure the permanent tape adheres to the pavement surface . Offset longitudinal lines at least 2 inches from construction joints on portland cement concrete pavement. Apply permanent tape to dry surfaces only, and when the ambient air and surface temperature is at least 55ºF and rising . Apply permanent tape to the same tolerances in dimensions and in alignment specified in 710 -5. Apply permanent tape to the pavement by means approved by the Engineer. Conduct field testing in accordance with FM 5-541.Take test readings representative of the pavement marking performance. Remove and replace permanent tape not meeting the requirements of this Section at no additional cost to the Department. Apply all pavement markings prior to opening the road to traffic.
713-4.2 Thickness: Apply permanent tape pavement markings that have a thickness as
designated on the APL for the particular product used. Measure, record and certify on a Department approved form and submit to the Engineer, the thickness of white and yellow pavement markings in accordance with FM 5-541.
713-4.3 Retroreflectivity: Apply white and yellow pavement markings that will attain an
initial retroreflectivity of not less than 450 mcd/lx·m2 for white markings and not less than FY 2023-24 Return to Table of Contents
Source: Florida Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2024 Edition. Pages 971–975 of 1,299.