700.1General Description
This work includes preparing the ground, furnishing, planting, seeding, fertilizing, sodding, and mulching disturbed areas within the Right- of-Way limits and easement areas adjacent to the right-of -way as shown on the plans except as designated by the Engineer to remain natural. 700.1.01 Definitions General Provisions 101 through 150. 700.1.02 Related References A.Standard Specifications
Section 163— Miscellaneous Erosion Control Items Section 718— Wood Fiber Section 822— Emulsified Asphalt Section 882— Lime Section 890— Seed and Sod Section 891—Fertilizers Section 893— Miscellaneous Planting M aterials Section 895—Polyacrylamide B.Referenced Documents QPL 33 QPL 84 700.1.03 Submittals Submit manufacturer’s product expiration date along with written instructions to ensure proper application, safety, storage, and handling of Polyacrylamide products used in t he work.
700.2Materials
Use materials that meet the requirements of the following specifications: Material Section Wood Fiber Mulch 718.2 Agricultural Lime 882.2.01 Seed 890.2.01 Sod 890.2.02 Fertilizer 891.2.01 Plant Topsoil 893.2.01 Mulch 893.2.02 Inoculants 893.2.04 1338 1338 1338 1338
Material Section Tackifiers QPL 33 Anionic Polyacrylamide QPL 84 & Section 895 A.Seeds Whenever seeds are specified by their common names, use the strains indicated by their botanical names. B.Water Obtain the water for grassing from an approved source. Use water free of harmful chemicals, acids, alkalies, and other substances that may harm plant growth or emit odors. Do not use salt or brackish water. C.Agricultural Lime Agricul tural lime rates will be based on a laboratory soil test report. The Contractor is responsible for ensuring the tests are performed by an approved laboratory. Provide a copy of test results to the Engineer. Refer to Section882 Lime and GSP 18 of the Sampling and Testing Inspection manual for additional information on rates, use,handling and sampling procedures. D.Fertilizer Mixed Grade Fertilizer analysis and rates will be based on a laboratory soil test report. The Contractor is responsible forensuring the tests are performed by an approved laboratory. Provide a copy of test results to the Engineer. Referto Section 891 Fertilizer and GSP 18 of the Sampling and Testing Inspection manual for additional information onrates, use, handling and sampling procedures. E.Mulch Use straw or hay mulch according to Subsection 700.3.05.G . Use wood fiber mulch in hydroseeding according to Subsection 700.3.05.F.1. 700.2.01 Delivery, Storage, and Handling General Provisions 101 through 150.
700.3Construction Requirements
700.3.01 Personnel General Provisions 101 through 150. 700.3.02 Equipment Use grassing equipmentable to produce the required results. Never allow the grading (height of cut) to exceed the grassing equipment’s operating range. A.Mulch Material Equipment Use mulching equipment that uniformly cuts the specified materials into the soil to the required control depth. B.Hydroseeding Equipment For hydroseeding equipment, see Subsection 700.3.05.F. 700.3.03 Preparation General Provisions 101 through 150. 700.3.04 Fabrication General Provisions 101 through 150. 1339 1339 1339 1339
700.3.05 Construction Follow the planting zones, planting dates, types of seed, seed mixtures, and application rates described throughout this Section. The Engineer has the authority to alter the planting dates as set forth by a period of 2 weeks. This 2 -week period may be applied to either the beginning of the specified planting and/or to the end of the end of the specified planting season. In general: • Obtain the Engineer’s approval before changing the ground cover type. • Do not use annual rye grass seeds with permanent grassing. • Follow the planting zones indicated on the Georgia State Planting Zone Map , below. • Sod may be installed throughout the year, weather permitting. • For permanent grassing, apply the combined amounts of all seeds for each time period within each planting zone and roadway location listed in the Seeding Table, below. Do not exceed the amounts ofspecified seed. 1340 1340 1340 1340
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NON- NATIVE GRASS SEEDING TABLE 1 (Temporary and Permanent Seed Types for Shoulders, Medians and Slopes 3:1 or Flatter) Common Name Botanical Name Class/Type Rate/Acre Planting Zone Planting Dates Common Bermuda Grass (Hulled) Cynodon dactylon Required Permanent Grass 10 (11) 1 April 16 – August 31 Common Bermuda Grass (Unhulled) 10 (11) Common Bermuda Grass (Hulled) Cynodon dactylon Required Permanent Grass 10 (11) 2,3,4 April 1 – October 15 Common Bermuda Grass (Unhulled) 10 (11) Bahaia Grass Paspalum motatum 10 (11) Rye Grass, Millet, Cereal Grass (Oats) Lolium penne spsp. Multiflorum, Echinochloa cursgalli, Avena sativa Temporary Grass 50 (56) 1 September 1 - April 15 Rye Grass, Millet, Cereal Grass (Oats) Lolium penne spsp. Multiflorum, Echinochloa cursgalli, Avena sativa Temporary Grass 50 (56) 2,3,4 October 16 - March 31 1342 1342 1342 1342
NON- NATIVE SEEDING TABLE 2 (Temporary and Permanent Seed Types for back slopes, fill slopes and areas which will not be subject to frequent mowing, slopes steeper than 3:1) Common Name Botanical Name Class/Type Rate/Acre Planting Zone Planting Dates Interstate Lespedeza Lespedeza sericea Permanent Grass 50(56) 1,2 March 1 – August 31 Weeping Lovegrass Eragrostis curvula Temporary Grass 10(11) Interstate Lespedeza Lespedeza sericea Permanent Grass 75(84) 1,2 September 1- February 28 Tall Fescue Festuca arundinacea Temporary Grass 50(56) Interstate Lespedeza Lespedeza sericea Permanent Grass 50(56) 3,4 April 1 – October 31 Weeping Love Grass Eragrostis curvula Temporary Grass 10(11) Interstate Lespedeza Lespedeza sericea Permanent Grass 50(56) 3,4 November 1 – March 31 Weeping Love Grass Eragrostis curvula Temporary Grass 10(11) 1343 1343 1343 1343
NATIVE GRASS SEEDING TABLE 3 For Non -mowable Slopes or Areas Designated as Permanent Native Grass Plots. (Plant native seed mixes on back slopes, fill slopes and areas which will not be subject to frequent mowing (slopes steeper than 3:1). See plans heets/plant lists for detailed native restoration and riparian mitigation seed mix combinations to be applied at a minimum rate total of 10 (11) lbs . per acre (kg/hectare) for each combined mix. If the mix is not provided in the plan sheets, use a minimum of 3 species based on planting dates shown above. Common Name Botanical Name Class/Type Rate/Acre Planting Zone Planting Dates Canada Wild Rye Elymus canadensis Cool Season Minimum 2 (2) 1,2,3,4 October 31 - March 31 Virginia Wild Rye Elymus virginicus Cool Season Minimum 2 (2) 1,2,3,4 October 31 - March 31 Bottle -brush Grass Hystrix patula Cool Season Minimum 2 (2) 1,2,3,4 October 31 - March 31 Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium (Andropogon scoparius) Warm Season Minimum 2 (2) 1,2,3,4 March31- August 31 Indiangrass Sorghastrum nutans Warm Season Minimum 2 (2) 1,2,3,4 March 31- August 31 Eastern Gama Grass Tripsacum dactyloides Warm Season Minimum 2 (2) 1,2,3,41,2,3,4 March 31- August 31 Rice Cut Grass Leersia oryzoides Warm Season Minimum 2 (2) 1,2,3,4 March 31- August 31 Deertongue Panicum clandestinum Warm Season Minimum 2 (2) 1,2,3,4 March 31- August 31 Switchgrass Panicum virgatum Warm Season Minimum 2 (2) 1,2,3,4 March 31- August 31 Woolgrass Scirpus cyperinus Cool Season Minimum 2 (2) 1,2,3,4 October 31 - March 31 River Oats Chasmanthium latifolium Cool Season Minimum 2 (2) 1,2,3,4 October 31 - March 31 Purple Top Tridens flavus Warm Season Minimum 2 (2) 1,2,3,4 March 31- August 31 1344 1344 1344 1344
HERBACEOUS PLANT SEEDING TABL E 4 (Approved for Riparian Mitigation or for Seed Mixes on Slopes Steeper than 3:1 -Requiring Permanent Planting) Common name Botanical name Class/type Rate/Acre Planting Zone Planting Dates Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium fistulosum Herbaceous Perennial Minimum 2 (2) 1,2,3,4 September –May 1 Ironweed Vernonia novaboracensis Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 March 1 - August 31, White snakeroot Ageratina altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 September –May 1 Swamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 March 1 - August 31, Frost aster Aster pilosus (Symphyotrichum pilosum ) Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 September –May 1 Partridge pea Chamaecrista fasciculata (Cassia fasciculata ) Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 March 1 - August 31, Lance- leaf coreopsis Coreopsis lanceolata Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 September –May 1 Tall coreopsis Coreopteris tripteris Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 September –May 1 Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 September –May 1 Sneezeweed Helenium autumnale Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 September –May 1 Swamp sunflower Helianthus angustifolius Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 March 1 - August 31, Fringed loosestrife Lysimachia ciliata Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 September –May 1 1345 1345 1345 1345
For native restoration and riparian mitigation seed mix combinations, use Table 4 for approved native herbaceous seed types in combination with Table 3 of native grass seeds. Native restoration and riparian seed mixes should incorporate a mix of 60% native grass types (see Table 3) and 40% native herbaceous types (see Table 4) applied at a minimum rate total of 10 (11) lbs . per acre (kg/hectare) for each combined mix. TABLE 5: TEMPORARY GRASS - SPECIES, SEEDING RATES AND PLANTING DATES When stage construction or other conditions prevent completing a roadway section continuously, apply temporary grassing to control erosion. Temporary grassing is used to stabilize disturbed areas for more than sixty (60) calendar days. Temporary grass may be applied any time of the year, utilizing the appropriate seed species and application rate as shown in the chart above. Apply mulch to areas planted in temporary grass at the rate of ¾ inch to 1.5 inches. Do not place slope mats on areas planted in temporary grass. Wild bergamot Monarda fistulosa Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 September –May 1 Mountain mint Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 September –May 1 Black -eyed susan Rudbeckia hirta Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 September –May 1 Goldenrod Solidago nemoralis Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 September –May 1 Butterfly Weed Aesclepias tuberose Herbaceous Perennial Up to 10(11) 1,2,3,4 March 1 - August 31, Species Rates per 1000 sq. ft. Rates per Acre Planting Date By Zone 1 & 2 2 3 & 4 Rye (Grain) 3.9 lbs 168 lbs 8/1 - 11/30 8/15 - 12/1 9/1 - 2/28 Ryegrass 0.9 lbs 40 lbs 8/1 - 11/30 9/1 - 12/15 9/15 - 1/1 Rye & Annual Lespedeza 0.6 lbs 0.6 lbs 28 lbs 24 lbs 3/1 - 4/1 2/1 - 3/1 2/1 - 3/1 Weeping Lovegrass 0.1 lbs 4 lbs 3/15 - 6/15 3/15 - 7/15 3/15 - 7/15 Sudangrass 1.0 lbs 60 lbs 4/1 - 8/31 4/1 - 8/31 3/15 - 8/1 Browntop Millet 1.1 lbs 50 lbs 4/1 - 6/30 4/1 - 7/15 4/1 - 7/15 Wheat 3.9 lbs 168 lbs 9/1 - 12/31 9/1 - 12/31 9/15 - 1/31 1346 1346 1346 1346
A.Ground Preparation Prepare the ground by plowing under any temporary grass areas and preparing the soil as follows: 1.Slopes 3:1 or Flatter On slopes 3:1 or flatter, plow shoulders and embankment slopes to between 4 in. and 6 in. (100 mm and 150 mm) deep.Plow front and back slopes in cuts to no less than 6 in. (150 mm) deep. After plowing, thoroughly disk the area until pulverized to the plowed depth. 2.Slopes Steeper Than 3:1Serrate slopes steeper than 3:1 according to p lan details when required. On embankment slopes and cut slopes not requiring serration (sufficient as determined by the Engineer), prepare the ground to develop an adequate seed bed using any of the following methods as directed by the Engineer: •Plow to a depth whatever depth is practicable. •Use a spiked chain. •Walk with a cleated track dozer. •Scarify. Disking cut slopes and fill slopes is not required. 3.All Slopes
Remove boulders, stumps, large roots, large clods, and other objects that interfere with grassing or may slide into the ditch.
Spread topsoil stockpiled during grading evenly over cut and fill slopes after preparing the ground. Push topsoil from the top over serrated slopes. D o not operate equipment on the face of completed serrated cuts. 4.Native Restoration Areas, Riparian Areas, Stream Restoration Areas, and Wetland and Stream Mitigation Areas . For Permanent Grassing in native restoration areas, multitrophic native planting areas, riparian areas, stream restoration areas, and wetland and stream mitigation areas, provide the minimum ground preparationnecessary to provide seed to soil contact. Riparian areas may also be seeded using the no -till method. The no-till method is d efined by planting permanent grass seeds using a drill- type seeder over existing vegetation without plowing or tilling soil. Ensure that existing vegetation is less than 3 inches in height (this may beachieved by mowing or using a mechanical string trimmer). B.Grassing Adjacent to Existing Lawns When grassing areas adjacent to residential or commercial lawns, the Engineer shall change the plant materialto match the type of grass growing on the adjacent lawn. The Contract Unit Price will not be modified for this substitution. C.Temporary Grassing Apply temporary grassing according to Subsection 163.3.05.F . Determine lime requirements by a laboratory soil test. Refer to seeding Table 5 for species, amounts of seed and planting dates. In March or April of the year following planting and as soon as the weather is suitable, replace all areas of temporary grass with permanent grass by plowing or overseeding using the no -till method. If the no -till method is used, ensure that temporary grass is less than 3 in . in height (this may be achieved by mowing). Additional mulch will be required only if the temporary grass does not provide adequate mulch to meet the requirements ofSubsection 700.3.05.G, Mulching. Temporary grass, when required, will be paid for according to Section 163. Projects that consist of asphalt resurfacing with shoulder reconstruction and/or shoulder widening: Type II WoodFiber Blanket is used to stabilize disturbed areas, no till seeding will be used when permanent grassing is appliedand the areas will not be re -disturbed. 1347 1347 1347 1347
D.Applying Agricultural Lime and Fertilizer Mixed Grade Apply and mix lime and fertilizer as follows: 1.Agricultural Lime Uniformly spread agricultural lime on the ground at the approximate rate determined by the laboratory soil test. a.Agricultural Lime may be used as filler material in mixed grade fertilizer in lieu of inert material. The use of agricultural lime as filler m aterial is to be shown on the fertilizer bag or invoice from the supplier. Do not deduct any amount of fertilizer when lime is used as filler. 2.Fertilizer Mixed Grade Uniformly spread the fertilizer selected according to Subsection 700.2.D over the ground or by use of hydroseeding.For bid purposes base estimated quantities on an initial application of 400 lb ./acre of 19- 19-19. 3.MixingBefore proceeding, uniformly work the lime and fertilizer into the top 4 in. (100 mm) of soil using harrows, rotary tillers, or other equipment acceptable to the Engineer. On cut slopes steeper than 3:1, other than serrated slopes, reduce the mixing depth to the maximum practical depth as determined by the Engineer.Omit mixing on serrated slopes. 4.Native Restoration Areas, Multitropic Native Planting Areas, Riparian Areas, Stream Restoration Areas, and Wetland and Stream Mitigation Areas Omit the application of lime and fetilizer within riparian areas. E.Seeding Prepare seed and sow as follows: 1.Inoculation of Seed Inoculate each kind of leguminous seed separately with the appropriate commercial culture acco rding to the manufacturer’s instructions for the culture. When hydroseeding, double the inoculation rate.Protect inoculated seed from the sun and plant it the same day it is inoculated. 2.SowingWeather permitting, sow seed within 24 hours after preparing the seed bed and applying the fertilizer and lime. Sow seed uniformly at the rates specified in the seeding tables. Use approved mechanical seed drills, rotary hand seeders, hydroseeding equipment, or other equipment to uniformly apply the seed. Do not di stribute by hand. To distribute the seeds evenly sow seed types separately, except for similarly sized and weighted seeds. They may be mixed and sown together. Do not sow during windy weather, when the prepared surface is crusted, or when the ground is frozen, wet, or otherwise non -tillable. 3.Overseeding Temporary grass areas that were prepared in accordance with Subsection 700.3.05.A , may be overseeded using the no -till method. The no -till method is defined by planting permanent grass seeds using a drill -type seeder over existing temporary grass without plowing or tilling soil and in accordance with Subsection 700.3.05.C . 4.Riparian Seed Mix shall be used when specified in the p lans. A mix of at least three (3) species from Seeding Table 3 (Native Grasses) and at least two (2) species from Seeding Table 4 (Approved Riparian Mitigation - Herbaceous Plants). The seed, shall be applied as Permanent Grassing within those areas designated on the plans. The kinds of seed, shall be used according to the appropriate Planting Dates given in the tables. 1348 1348 1348 1348