for Highway Construction Page 439 of 71 5 SECTION 576 – GLASS FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER (GFRP) REINFORCEMENT
576.01 Description.
Provide and place glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) as specified.
576.02 Materials.
Provide GFRP reinforcement meeting ASTM D79 57/D7957M.
1.Bridge Applications: Provide GFRP reinforcement that is deformed and/or sand coated.
2.Dowel Bar Applications in Concrete Pavement :
a.Provide GFRP reinforcement that is smooth for dowel bar applications. Dowel size will be one size larger than the required size for steel dowels.
b.Meet the requirements of AASHTO T 253 and ASTM D 7705.
c.All GFRP requir es an appropriate and approved bond -breaking material prior to installation of the concrete pavement , unless the manufacturer can demonstrate that pull -out forces, as determined by AASHTO T 253 do not require it.
d.The coating, cladding, or surface finish of all dowel bars must be continuous and uniform over the lateral surface of the dowel and must resist wear (due to abrasion resulting from joint movements) that would reduce corrosion resistance, increase joint restraint or reduce st ructural capacity to unacceptable levels.
e.Any change in material composition or dimension of the dowels or dowel assembly are subject to complete testing by the manufacturer prior to approval.
A.Submittals. Provide written certification that the GFRP reinforcement meets this specification. The written certification must list the identifying lot information and test values and test procedures used to determine the physical properties of the GFRP reinforcement. Provide certifications bearing the notarized signature of a manufacturer’s representative having quality control responsibility. Identify each bundle of GF RP reinforcement with a durable tag displaying the corresponding lot numbers.
B.Repa ir Material. Comply with the bar manufacturer’s requirements for the material used to repair the cut ends of GFRP reinforcement . Perform all repairs of cut ends at the GFRP reinforcement manufacturer's plant unless otherwise approved.
576.03 Construction Requirements.
A.Material Handling. When handling G FRP reinforcement, use equipment that avoids damaging or abrading the GFRP reinforcement. Do not drop or drag the GFRP reinforcement. for Highway Construction Page 440 of 71 5 B. Storage . Store GFRP reinforcement above the ground surface on platforms, skids, or other supports as close a s possible to the point of placement . Prevent exposure of GFRP reinforcing bars t o temperatures above 120°F during storage. After manufacture and prior to installation, store dowels in conditions that do not promote corros ion or other degradation of the dowel or dowel coating. Avoid long- term outdoor storage of dowels. If circumstances require that dowels be stored outdoors for more than two months, implement protective storage measures to protect the dowels from sunlight, salt spray, and weather exposure. Dowels stored in potentially corrosive environmen ts may require protection sooner. Dowels and basket assembly protection may be accomplished by covering with opaque polyethylene sheeting or other suitable opaque protective materials. For stacked or palleted products, cover the entire stack or pallet on t op and around all sides. Secure the covering adequately and allow air circulation around the bars to minimize condensation under the covering. If dowels are stored outdoors without cover, record the date on which the dowels are placed outdoors on identific ation tags on the bundles.
C.GFRP Placement . Secure GFRP reinforcement firmly in place before and during concrete placement by means of bar supports adequate in stre ngth and number to prevent displacement and to keep the reinforcing at the proper distance from the forms and as specified in 503.03.D. Steel tie wires, bar chairs, supports, or clips must be fully coated with either epoxy or plastic. Provide adequate vertical restraint of GFRP reinforcement to prevent upward movement in the fresh concrete due to buoyancy. Use of mechanical dowel bar inserters is prohibited. When placed in the work, reinforcement must b e free from dirt, paint , grease, oil, or other foreign materials deleterious to bonding with the surrounding concrete. Before placing concrete, remove foreign materials by cleaning the bars using app roved methods and materials recommended by the bar manufacturer.
D.Field Cutting. Field cutting GFRP reinforcement is not permitted, except with the Engineer’s prior approval. Shear cutting and flame cutting are not permitted methods of field cutting. Coat field cut ends as described in this specification. Repair all surface damage due to field cutting GFRP reinforcement as described below or replace the bar with an undamaged bar.
E.Bending. If bent GFRP reinforcement is required, the bends must be pre- fabricated. Field bending or straightening of GFRP reinforcement is not permitted.
F.Repair of Bar Damage. Repair all visible damage to the accepted GFRP reinforcement. Repair damaged areas using materials and procedures specified by the GFRP manufacturer.
G.Concrete Placement . If the reinforcement is not adequately supported or tied to res ist settlem ent, floating upward, or movement in any direction during concrete placement , halt concrete placement until corrective measures are t aken. for Highway Construction Page 441 of 71 5 576.04 Method of Measurement. The Engineer will measure acceptably completed work by the foot for bridge applications. The Engineer will measure dowel bars for concrete pavement applications according to the concrete pavement item. for Highway Construction Page 442 of 71 5 576.05 Basis of Paymen t. The Department will pay for accepted quantities at the contract unit price as follows: Pay Item Pay Unit Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Reinforcement ...................... FT Ties, bar chairs, supports, or clips used for fastening GFRP reinforcement in place are incidental . Dowel bars in concrete pavement will be paid according to the concrete pavement item. for Highway Construction Page 443 of 71 5 SECTION 577 – PILE SLEEVES
577.01 Description.
Provide and install steel sleeves around the columns or pil es to be embedded in the backfill of the MSE walls as specified.
577.02 Materials.
Provide galvanized corrugated metal pipe sleeves meeting 706.06. Provide the size and gauge of pile sleeve as specified.
A.Conc rete Columns. Provide galvanized metal spacers. Galvanize according to the requirements of ASTM A123. Provide size as specified.
B.H-piles. Provide coarse aggregate for concrete, size No. 1 in accordance with 703.02.
C.Shel l Piles . Fill the lower 5 feet of the sleeves with coarse aggregate before placing and compacting the MSE backfill , and after the pile is lowered into the sleeve but before pile driving begins. Ensure the inside sleeve is not closer than 2 inches from the steel pile.
577.03 Construction Requirements.
A.Concrete Columns. Position pile sleeves around compl eted columns before MSE backfill placemen t. Install spacers in the annular space between the column and pile sleeve. Install spacer sets at the top, bottom, and at intervals of 6 feet or less along the column.
B.H-Piles. Fill the lower 5 feet of the sleeves with coarse aggregate before placing and compacting the MSE backfill and before pile driving. Ensure the inside sleeve is not closer than 2 inches from the steel pile.
C.Shell Piles . Fill the lower 5 feet of the sleeves with coarse aggregate before placing and compacting the MSE backfill , and after the pile is lowered into the sleeve but before pile driving begins. Ensure the inside sleeve is not closer than 2 inches from the steel pile.
D.Coarse Aggregate Finishing. After pile driving, finish placing the coarse aggregate in the annular space between the sleeves and piles in lifts not to exceed 3 feet for the remaining sleeve length. Rod or vibrate each lift to prevent voids.
577.04 Method of Measurement.
The Engineer will measure acceptably completed work by the foot.
Source: Idaho Standard Specifications for Highway Construction, 2023 Edition. Pages 475–478 of 768.