SECTION 844 MINERAL ADMIXTURES FOR CONCRETE
844.01 FLY ASH REQUIREMENTS. For fly ash added to concrete mixtures as a
separate ingredient, conform to ASTM C 618, Class F or Class C, except ensure that the loss on ignition does not exceed 3.0 percent or 6.0 percent for fly ash receiving an approved chemical treatment. Concrete containing Class C fly ash may reduce sulfate resistance. Susceptibility to sulfate attack relates to the resistance factor, R. The value of R is defined as the ratio, (CaO -5.0)/(Fe 2O3), as determined from the fly ash oxide analysis. A resistance factor (R) greater than 3.0 indicates a reduction in sulfate resistance. Do not use Class C fly ash having an R ratio greater than 3.0 in concrete where su lfate attack is possible unless the maximum expansion limits for moderate sulfate exposure found in the Supplemental Requirements of ASTM C618 are met.
844.02 Approval.
844.02.01 Fly Ash. Select from the Department’s List of Approved Materials for fly
ash sources. To be placed on the list, furnish samples and ASTM C 618 test data developed over the previous 3 months, and conform to the requirements in KM 64-325.
844.02.02 Slag Cement. The Department’s Division of Materials maintains a list of
approved Slag Cement sources by producer. Furnish samples and ASTM C 989 test data for the previous six months and meet the following requirements to obtain approval.
1.Submit the slag cement supplier’s quality control program to the Engineer for approval. The slag cement delivered to the project shall have uniform properties complying with this specification. Laboratories performing tests on slag cement for conformance to ASTM C 989 shall participate in the laboratory evaluation program conducted by the Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory of ASTM.
2.Submit certification with each shipment of slag cement to document its compliance with this specification and ASTM C 989.
3.Submit actual ASTM C 989 test results for fineness, air content, slag activity index, sulfide sulfur content, and sulfate ion content with each shipment. The Department reserves the right to perform all sampling and testing on slag cement that it deems necessary or desirable.
844.02.03 Silica Fume. The Department’s Division of Materials maintains a list of
approved silica fume admixtures by brand name and manufacturer. Furnish samples and ASTM C1240 test data for the previous six months and meet the following requirements to obtain approval:
1.Submit the silica fume supplier’s quality control program to the Engineer for approval. The silica fume delivered to the project shall have uniform properties complying with this specification. Laboratories performing tests on silica fume for conformance to ASTM C1240 shall participate in the laboratory evaluation program conducted by the Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory of ASTM.
2.Submit certification with each shipment of silica fume to document its compliance with this specification and ASTM C1240.
3.Submit actual ASTM C1240 tests results for the chemical and physical requirements with each shipment.
844.03 NON-SPECIFICATION FLY ASH. When either Class C or Class F sampled
fly ash fails to meet specification requirements for loss on ignition (LOI), but the Engineer determines that concrete produced using the fly ash meets requirements for entrained air 844-1 and compressive strength, the Engineer will reduce the price by 5.0 percent of the Contractor’s invoice cost of the fly ash for each 0.1 percent that the fly ash LOI is above the maximum allowed. This procedure is intended to provide for acceptance at a reduced Contract price when material is discovered to not meet specification requirements after work is performed, and is not intended as a means to utilize non-specification material. The Engineer will accept fly ash on the basis of certification and being from an approved source and project samples passing the applicable requirements of ASTM C 618. Some variability or small departures from the requirements do not adversely affect properties of the finished product enough for removal and replacement. Therefore, the Department will use the following pay tables when deviations occur. When a sample fails more than one test, the Department will impose the largest reduction rate. The Department will calculate the payment reduction on the invoice cost of the fly ash delivered to the concrete plant or to the project site. STRENGTH ACTIVITY INDEX PAYMENT REDUCTION Control with Cement (%) 75 or more 70-74 65-69 64 or less Reduction Rate 0% 25% 50% * *Remove and replace finished product unless the Engineer determines that it can remain in place at a 100% reduction rate. FINENESS PAYMENT REDUCTION % Retained on No. 325 Sieve 0-34 35-40 41-45 46 or more Reduction Rate 0% 25% 50% * AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION PAYMENT REDUCTION Expansion (%) 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 or more Reduction Rate 0% 25% 50% * WATER REQUIREMENT PAYMENT REDUCTION Control (%) 105 or less 106-110 111-115 116 or more Reduction Rate 0% 25% 50% * CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS PAYMENT REDUCTION SiO 2+Al 2O3+Fe 2O3 (%) (Class F) 70 or more 65-79 60-64 59 or less SiO 2+Al 2O3+Fe 2O3 (%) (Class C) 50 or more 45-49 40-44 39 or less SO 3 (%) 0-5 6 7 8 or more Moisture Content (%) 0-3 4 5 6 or more Available Alkalies as (Na 2O) (%) 0-1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 or more Reduction Rate 0% 25% 50% * 844-2 SECTION 845 FABRIC WRAPPED BACKFILL DRAIN MATERIALS
845.01 DESCRIPTION. Place fabric wrapped backfill drains at locations where depth
to weep hole flowline is 30 feet or less.
845.02 FABRIC WRAPPED BACKFILL DRAIN. Select from the Departments List
of Approved Materials.
845.02.01 Compressive Strength. Ensure the drain is capable of withstanding a
compressive load of 5,000 pounds per square foot on the wide side, with a maximum deflection of 50 percent.
845.02.02 Core. Use a rectangular core at least 17 inches wide, with nominal thickness
of at least 0.7 inch, consisting of molded plastic; or of a 3-dimensional structure of mono- filaments bonded at their intersections; or of 3/8-inch average diameter expanded polystyrene beads bound together with an adhesive compound, sufficiently open to allow free movement of water entering through the geotextile fabric, and manufactured specifically for drainage applications.
845.02.03 Wrapping. Wrap the core on all 4 sides with geotextile fabric conforming
to the requirements of Section 843 - geotextile fabric for subsurface drainage and separation.
845.03 PACKAGING AND CARE. Wrap the drain in a protective covering to protect
the fabric from direct sunlight, ultraviolet rays, temperatures greater than 140 F, mud, dirt, dust, and debris during all periods of shipment and storage. Completely cover with backfill material within 14 calendar days after placement. If completely backfilling the drain is not feasible, cover exposed portions with approved material to protect the fabric from direct sunlight. Remove and replace any drain not backfilled or suitably covered within 14 days after placing at no expense to the Department.
845.04 ACCEPTANCE. Furnish the manufacturer’s certification to the Engineer stating
the fabric wrapped backfill drains meets all requirements herein. The Engineer will accept the fabric wrapped backfill drains by certification and visual inspection. 845-1
Source: Kentucky Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2019 Edition. Pages 677–678 of 718.