C o m m on Borrow 703.18 G r a n u l a r B o r r o w 703.19 Gravel Borrow 703.20 R o c k B o r r o w 703.21 Slope blanket backfill material shall meet the requirements of aggregate for base and subbase, Type D specified in Subsection 703.06 - Aggregate for Base and Subbase, as directed. Culvert Bedding Stone shall meet the requirements of Type C ma terial, specified in Subsection 703.22, Underdrain Backfill Material.
203.03Unauthorized Use of Materials No Common Excavation, Roc k Excavation,
Unclassified Excavation or Borrow which is designated for use i n embankments or backfill may be diverted for the Contr actor's own use. Any unauthorized use of such material will be adjusted by deducting quantities, measured by the most appro priate method, as determined by the Department, and 115% of the quantity deducted from the total amount.
203.04General Prior to beginning excavating, grading, and em bankment operations
in any area, all necessary clearing in that area shall have bee n performed in accordance with Unsuitable material shall be disposed of as directed and no ma terial shall be wasted without the Department’s permission. The Resident may designate as unsuitable those soils which can not be properly compacted in embankments and all such unsuitable material shall be disposed of in approved waste storage areas or acceptable waste areas as direc ted. Suitable material taken from excavation shall be used in the c onstruction of embankment, subgrade, and for backfilling as indicated in the C ontract Documents, or as directed, and no additional payment will be made. Unsuitable o r surplus material shall be used as directed or wasted. The Contractor shall give the Resident sufficient time before beginning excavation to take necessary survey measurements. The Contractor shall not excavate beyond the dimensions, slopes and elevations established, and no material shall be removed prior to surveying the site. Unless otherwise authorized, borrow shall not be placed until after all suitable excavation has been placed in the embankment unless th e use of Granular Borrow is called for in the Contract Documents, for use under embankments , in conjunction with the use of excavated material or f or the maintenance of traffic. I f the Contractor places more borrow than is required and thereby causes a waste of suitable excavation material, the amount of such waste will be measured by the method deemed most appropriate and 100% of the amount deducted from the borrow volume. When different unit prices are bid for Common Excavation and Ro ck Excavation, the Contractor will be required to str ip earth from the bedrock to provide an opportunity for the
Resident to take the necessary measurements. When identical pr ices are bid for Common Excavation and Rock Excavation, the Contractor will not be requ ired to strip the earth from the bedrock. When it is necessary to temporarily remove fencing designated t o remain, the fencing shall be replaced by the Contractor at their expense in as good a condition as it was originally. The Contractor shall be responsible for the confin ement of livestock when a portion of the fence is removed. When new fencing for confinem ent of livestock is required, it shall be erected before existing fencing is disturbed. Wher e new fencing cannot be erected in its final location, temporary fencing shall be insta lled at the Contractor's expense. The degree of finish for grading ditches and slopes, both fill slopes and cut slopes, shall be that obtainable from machine operations. Ditches shall be c onstructed to within 6 inches above or below the grade called for in the Contract Documents, or as otherwise modified, but, in no case, shall the ditch be finished in a condition tha t will not allow the flow of water. Ditches shall be graded to the extent that puddles will not form. Unstable slopes subject to sliding and slumping shall be excavated to the lines and grades indicated in the Contract Documents or as directed. Imm ediately after each location is excavated, approved slope blanket backfill material shall be placed and shaped to match the adjacent slopes. Rock slopes shall be scaled (cleaned of all loose material) im mediately as the excavation proceeds. The rock slope shall then be examined by the Contractor to determine if the slope is stable. If the slope is not deemed stable upon this examination, then immediate steps shall be taken by the Contractor to insure the stability of the slope during construction. There will be no additional payment for any temp orary protection required for the construction of the project. Culvert Bedding Stone shall be placed and graded as shown in t he Contract Documents or as directed by the Resident and shall be compacted as required to ensure that all voids in the stone are filled, as approved by the Resident.
1 Salvage of Existing Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Pavement
All existing HMA pavement designated to be removed under this Contract must be salvaged for utilization. Existing HMA pavement material shall not be deposited in any waste area or be placed below subgrade in any embankment. Methods of utilization of HMA pavement may be any of the following:
the material contains no particles greater than 2 inches in any dimension. Payment will be made under Pay Item 411.09, Untreated Aggregate Surface Course or 411.10, Untreated Aggregate Surface Course, Truck Measure. Material sh all be placed, shaped, compacted and stabilized as directed by the Resident.
processed such that the material contains no particles greater than 1 ½ inches in any dimension. When this method is utilized, a surcharge will not be required.
Department use.
The cost of salvaging HMA material will be incidental to appli cable Contract pay items, with no additional allowances made, which will be full compensation for removing, temporarily stockpiling, and rehandling, if necessary, and util izing the material as listed above.
2 Rock Excavation and Blasting
blasting agents, shall be performed in accordance with this spe cification and Standard Specification Section 105.2.7, Use of Explosives, and other specifications referenced therein.
Specification, the Contractor shall comply with the strictest a pplicable codes, regulations, or Specifications.
overburden at the intervals directed by the Resident, normally 25 feet, but, in no case, closer than 10 feet apart to permit surveying of the bedr ock in its original position. Bedrock removed prior to surveying will be considere d Common Excavation.
reason, it is required that all blasting caps used on the proje ct be less than one year of age. No blasting products will be allowed on the jobs ite if the date codes are missing.
age or in what appears to be a deteriorated condition, all work will cease until the product’s age or quality can be determined.
non-working hours.
Controlled Blasting is defined as a blasting method which utili zes a line of closely spaced, lightly loaded blastholes that are fired either before or after the main production blast to define a break line on the perimeter of the excavation . The purpose of Controlled Blasting is to create a stable rock f ace with a fall zone to protect the traveling public from rockfall hazard, and to prote ct existing structures, adjacent and nearby properties, and the public from damage or injury. Co ntrolled Blasting shall be required on all critical rock slopes.
spaced production holes drilled throughout the main excavation area adjacent to the presplit line. Production holes shall be detonated in a contro lled delay sequence.
bedrock by the controlled usage of explosives and blasting acce ssories in appropriately aligned and spaced drill holes so that the resulting split bedrock is not affected by subsequent blasting and excavation operations. The purpose of presplitting is to minimize damage to the rock backslope and to help ensure long term stability. When presplitting, the detonation of the presplit l ine shall be before the detonation of any production holes.
removed down to solid bedrock in the vicinity of the presplit l ines. Potentially dangerous boulders beyond the excavation limits shall also be r emoved as directed by the Resident. ii. Presplitting shall extend a minimum of 30 feet ahead of the lim its of production blasting within the section or to the end of the cut, as applicable. iii. All drilling equipment used to drill the presplit holes shall h ave electromechanical or electronic devices affixed to that equipme nt to accurately determine the angle at which the drill steel enters the bedrock . Presplit hole drilling will not be permitted if these devices are missing or inoperative. iv. The length of the presplit holes shall not exceed 30 feet in de pth unless approved by the Resident. Bedrock deeper than 30 feet shall usually be presplit in lifts, but no lift shall be less than 10 feet in depth. When the cut heig ht will require more than one lift, a maximum 2-foot offset between lifts shall be p ermitted to allow for equipment clearance. No payment will be made for additiona l excavated quantity caused by offsetting of presplit lines for less than 2 0-foot lifts. Drilling 2 feet below ditch bottom will be allowed to facilitate removal of the toe berm.
obstructions for its entire depth. All necessary precautionss hall be exercised so that placing the charges will not cause caving of material from the walls of the holes. vi. The diameter of the explosives used in presplit holes shall not be greater than ½ the diameter of the hole. vii. Continuous column cartridge explosives manufactured especially for presplitting shall be used for all presplitting. The bottom charge of a pre split hole may be
larger than the line charges, but shall not be large enough to cause overbreak. The top charge of the presplitting hole shall be placed far eno ugh below the collar, and reduced sufficiently, to avoid overbreaking and hea ving. The upper portion of all presplit holes, from the top charge to the hole collar, shall be stemmed. viii. The presplit slope face shall not deviate more than one foot fr om a plane passing though adjacent drillholes, except where the character of the b edrock is such that, as determined by the Resident, irregularities are unavoidable. The one-foot plane shall be measured perpendicular to the plane of the slope. In no case shall any portion of the slope encroach on the roadbed.
cut face is less than 15 feet, or if rock conditions warrant th is approach, the Contractor may use cushion blasting in lieu of presplitting. Cushion blas ting is similar to presplitting except that the detonation along the cut face occu rs after the detonation of all production holes. With the exception of the above criteria , requirements previously given for presplitting shall also apply to cushion blasting.
platform to begin the controlled blasting may require unusual w ork methods and use of equipment. The Contractor may use angle drilled holes during t he initial pioneering operations to obtain the desired rock face. Hole spacing shall not exceed 30 inches.
time the Contractor proposes to change drilling and blasting me thods, the Contractor shall submit a Blasting Plan to the Resident for review. The Blastin g Plan shall contain full details of the drilling and blasting patterns and controls the Contractor proposes to use for both the controlled and production blasting. Review of the Bla sting Plan by the Department shall not relieve the Contractor of its responsibili ty for the safety, accuracy and adequacy of implementing the Plan. The Blasting Plan shall contain the following information.
ii. Plan and section views of the pr oposed drill pattern, including free face, burden, blasthole spacing, blasthole diameters, blasthole angles, lift height, and subdrill depth. iii. Loading diagram showing type and amount of explosives, primers, initiators, and location and depth of stemming. iv. Initiators sequence of blastholes including delay times and del ay system.
vi. Details of the audible advance signal system to be employed at the job site. vii. Precautions to protect nearby structures and cultural features.
operations, submitted on a weekly basis. The log shall be upda ted at the close of each Working Day. The log shall include the number of blasts, times and dates of blasts, the blasting locations and patterns and all information shown below :
ii. Plan and section views of drill pattern, including free face, b urden blasthole spacing, blasthole diameters, lift height, and subdrill depth. iii. Loading diagram showing type and amount of explosive, primers a nd initiators and location and depth of stemming. iv. Initiators sequence of blastholes including delay times and del ay system in each blasthole.
vi. Signature of the Blaster in charge. vii. The Contractor shall report to the Resident in writing all blas ting complaints received by the Contractor w ithin 24 hours of receipt. Each bl ast complaint report shall include the name and address of the complainant, time rec eived, date and time of blast complained about and a description of the circumstances which led to the complaint.
concussions) and shall provide a copy of the Pre-Blast Conditio n survey of all structures and cultural features that may be affected to the Resident, pri or to any blasting activities.
blast-induced ground vibrations, the ground vibrations shall be controlled using properly designed delay sequences and appropriate charge weights per del ay.
Contractor shall monitor each blast with an approved seismograp h located between the blast area and the closest structure subject to blast damage, a s approved by the Department. The seismograph used shall be capable of recording particle velocity for three mutually perpendicular components of vibration in the ran ge generally found with controlled blasting. 5.Flyrock Control: Before the firing of any blast i n areas where flying rock or de bris may result in personal injury or damage to property, the rock to be blasted shall be c overed with approved blasting mats, soil, or other equally serviceable material to prevent fl yrock. The method of flyrock control shall be subject to approval by the Resident.
203.05Roadway Excavation Roadway excavation shall be maintai ned in such
condition that the excavation surface will be well drained. Te mporary drains, drainage
ditches and culverts shall be constructed to intercept and dive rt water that may adversely affect the condition of the excavation and the prosecution of t he Work. Excavation in general, shall proceed in an upgrade direction. Subgrades shall be promptly graded and rolled to minimize absorption of water. Ad jacent ditches shall be graded to the extent that puddles will not form. Grubbing areas which cannot be drained shall be promptly filled with approved excavation or borrow to such an elevation that surface drainage will be effective. If, due to unusual circums tances, drainage by gravity cannot be accomplished, the Resident may require the Contractor to provide adequate means of pumping the area. Pumping may be required on a 24 hour a da y continuous basis, at no additional cost to the Department. When muck is encountered, either unexpectedly or as indicated in the Contract Documents, it shall be removed in such a manner as to insure it s complete removal with no areas remaining or trapped below the embankment. Excavated muc k shall be deposited in designated waste storage areas as indicated in the Contract Doc uments, deposited in waste areas beyond the Project Limits or disposed of as otherwise dir ected. Excavation adjacent to roots of trees or shrubs, which are to remain, shall be removed by hand. When excavating results in a subgrade of unsuitable soil, the R esident may require the Contractor to remove the unsuitable material and backfill the a rea with approved material. The Contractor shall conduct their operations in such a way tha t the Resident can take the necessary measurements before the backfill is placed. Material classified as rock, whether paid for as Rock Excavati on or Unclassified Excavation, shall be excavated to the required depth, as shown in the Contract Documents. Care shall be taken that undrained pockets will not be left in the surface of the rock remaining. The space between the rock remaining and the normal subgrade a s indicated in the Contract Documents shall be backfilled with the designated agg regate subbase or aggregate base, pulverized rock or other a pproved material. The Contract or shall conduct their excavating and hauling work in a manner that will cause as little contamination as possible. Fine grading at the normal subgrade line will be required unless aggregate subbase or aggregate base material is used. Ditches in bedrock cuts shall be constructed with no protrusio ns of rock above the designated rock cut pay lines. The space between the rock rema ining and the finished surface of the ditch shall be backfilled with broken rock. For earth and rock backslopes designated to be constructed on a 2 horizontal to 1 vertical slope or flatter, the slope shall be uniformly finishe d to within 6 inches above or 6 inches below the lines designated, but, in no case, shall proje ctions of rock extend over 6 inches above the actual finished surface of the slope as constr ucted. Rock backslopes
designated to be constructed on a ¼ horizontal to 1 vertical sl ope shall be excavated at least to a vertical plane. Buried structures and other materials , as specified in Sectio n 104.3.13 - Materials and Items Found on the Project, located within the Project Limi ts, , shall be removed as part of the applicable excavation item for type of work being perfor med. Buried structures and other materials located below or outside the required excavatio n, whose removal is ordered, shall be removed and such removal paid for as Common Excavation , Rock Excavation or Unclassified Excavation, whichever is applicable.
1 Drilling and Blasting of Solid Rock Subgrade Sub grade areas shall be
shattered to the dimensions as indicated in the Contract Docume nts or as directed by the Resident. The area of blasted rock subgrade shall extend sufficiently bey ond the beginning and end of cut areas to ensure the shattering of all rock to a dept h of 4 feet below subgrade elevation to eliminate water pockets. After detonation, any rock that pr otrudes above the subgrade el evation after subgrade has been proof rolled, shall be removed. When directed by the Resident, the Contractor shall excavate a trench across the blasted rock to determine if the rock is broken and disarranged to a depth of 4 feet below subgrade to ensure that the rock is not simply fractured. Afterwards, the tre nch shall be backfilled with the rock removed.
203.06Waste Areas It shall be the responsibility of the Cont ractor to obtain
necessary permits and approvals from all pertinent State and Fe deral agencies and from the local municipality before the establishment of waste areas off the project, or to verify that the landowner has obtained these permits and approvals. In add ition, written permission of the property owners shall be obt ained by the Contractor, including permission to dispose of waste in the area. Copies of all agreements between the waste area property owner and the Contractor, on the Contractor’s letterhead, shall be given to the Resident. Provisions shall be made for temporary and permanent erosion c ontrols at waste areas, which shall include, but not necessarily be limited to, grading the surface to drain, covering the surface with loam or other earthy material that wi ll support growth and seeding and mulching. Entrances to waste areas located within wooded areas shall be in accordance with Subsection 203.07 - Haul Roads. All trees that are damaged, uprooted or otherwise moved becaus e of the waste material, and trees that have had waste material placed around them to the extent that they may die, shall be cut and removed at the expense of the Contrac tor.
Designated waste areas may be established by the Department. When such waste areas are established, the location and other conditions relati ng to them will be described in the Contract Documents.
203.07Haul Roads In wooded areas, haul roads shall be kept t o a minimum width
and placed at approximately right angles to the road or angled away from view of oncoming traffic.
203.08Borrow Refer to Section 105.8.6 - Pit or Quarry Requi rements
The Contractor shall notify the Resident sufficiently in advance of opening any borrow areas so that survey measurements of the ground surface after stripping may be taken. The Contractor shall submit borrow material test resul ts to the Department prior to being used. Existing pits shall, when directed, be graded and shaped by the Contractor before being surveyed for initial measurements.
203.09Preparation of the Embankment Area When the depth of t he embankment,
measured vertically below subgrade, does not exceed 5 feet, the area on which the embankment is to be placed shall be grubbed as defined in Subse ction 203.01 a. When the embankment is more than 5 feet deep, as measured above, all veg etation in the embankment area shall be cut as specifie d in Section 201 - Clearing Right- of-Way. When fill material is placed against existing slopes or previou sly placed fill, the interface shall be continuously benched by excavating steps of sufficient width to permit operations of placing and compacting the additional material. Material removed shall be placed and compacted along with the new embankment material.
203.10Embankment Construction - General Layers of material f or embankments
shall start at the deepest portion of the fill and as placement progresses, layers shall be constructed approximately horizontal. Roadway embankment of e arth material shall be placed in layers not exceeding 8 inches, loose measure, unless otherwise approved, and the material compacted as specified before the next layer is placed ; however, when placing layers of specified thickness is not feasible, such as filling in water, over swampy ground or over cleared areas, the initial layer of embankment may be cons tructed in one layer to an elevation where bridging will be accomplished. In embankment a reas where no grubbing is required, the material placed in t he first layer shall be of su fficient depth to cover all stumps. When the excavation or borrow consists predominantly of fragmen ts of such size that the material cannot be placed in embankments in layers of speci fied thickness without breaking down the pieces, such material may be placed in layers in thickness not exceeding the approximate average size of the larger rocks but, in no cas e, shall layers exceed 2 feet.
Rocks exceeding this thickness shall be separated and collectiv ely placed in accordance with the requirements for rock embankments. Each layer shall be lev eled and smoothed by even distribution of rock spalls and finer rock fragments or earth. The Resident may test any or all layers by moisture and density control as specified in Section 203.12 - Construction of Earth Embankment with Moisture and Density Control, which are c onstructed in depths exceeding 8 inches. The layers so constructed shall not be pla ced above an elevation that is 2 feet below the finished subgrade. The remainder of the emban kment shall be composed of suitable material smoothed and placed in layers not exceeding 8 inches, loose thickness, and compacted as specified for earth embankments. When it is impractical to construct layers over the full width of the cross section, partial width layers may be authorized. The Contractor shall spread, grade and compact each layer to o btain uniform thickness and produce an embankment surface free from low spots and ridges to provide direct drainage of water. Water shall be added to, or removed from, the material as necessary to obtain required compaction. Construction equipmen t shall be routed uniformly over the entire surface of each layer. Embankments within 50 feet of a bridge abutment, structural pl ate or box culvert type structure shall be compacted by the moisture and density c ontrol method as specified in Section 203.12 - Construction of Earth Embankment with Moisture and Density Control, except that rock embankments may be constructed over culverts a s specified in Section
203.15Construction of Rock Embankments
Where guardrail is to be installed, rock shall not be placed i n the embankment under the location of the guardrail to an elevation 5.5 feet below th e finished grade of the shoulder. Rocks, broken concrete and other solid materials shall not be p laced in any portions of embankments where piling is to be placed or driven or where Uti lity facilities are to be placed. Excess or unsuitable excavated material, including rock and bo ulders, which cannot be used in embankments, shall be placed in acceptable waste are as. Excavation that is unsuitable for use due to excessive moistur e content may be rendered satisfactory by combining it with Granular Borrow or g ranular excavation when, and as, approved by the Resident. If the embankment is required to be deposited on only one side of abutments, wing walls, piers or culvert headwalls, care shall be taken that the area immediately adjacent to the structure is not compacted excessively to the extent that i t will cause overturning of, or