6-67
620.57 Drainage Geotextile (sewn seams) S q u a r e Y a r d
620.58 Erosion Control Geotextile S q u a r e Y a r d
620.59 Erosion Control Geotextile (sewn seams) S q u a r e Y a r d
620.60 Separation Geotextile S q u a r e Y a r d
620.61 Separation Geotextile (sewn seams) S q u a r e Y a r d
SECTION 621 - LANDSCAPING
621.01 Description This work shall consist of the Contractor furnishing and planting
trees, shrubs, vines, and other plants and shall include all pl anting operations and material as well as the care and replacement of the plants during the Maint enance Period, all in accordance with the specifications, Standard Details, planting plans and schedules and the directions of the Resident. Planting operations will be divided into two classes.
a.Class A Planting will consist of planting into the exis ting soil that has been amended with organic humus, peatmoss, compost, and/or other sta ndard horticultural soil amendments as approved by the Resident.
b.Class B Planting will consists of planting into the exis ting soil without amendments. Unless otherwise specified, all planting shall be Class A. 621.02 Materials - General All non-plant material shall confo rm to the requirements specified in the following Sections of Division 700 - Materials . Fertilizer 717.01 M u l c h 717.04 H u m u s 717.09 Water shall be free from oil, acids, alkalines, salts, or any other substances harmful to plantings.
621.03 Plant Material-All Classes
a.All plants shall conform to the current edition of the "A merican Standard for Nursery Stock" (ANSI Z60.1) unless otherwise indicated in the p lans or specifications.
b.All plants shall be first class representatives of their normal species or varieties, unless otherwise specified. All plants must have a good, healthy, well-formed upper growth and a large, fibrous, compact root system. Plants sheared into stiff or formal shapes will be rejected unless they have outgrown such shearing . Large-growing, deciduous trees shall have straight trunks and a single leader or as may be characteristic of the species. Tops shall be thickly branched, densely foliated, well balanced and in good proportion t o the height of the tree. Trees with weak trunks, 6-68 thinly or irregularly branched or with unnatural shape of propo rtions due to undesirable pruning or for any other cause will be rejected. Trees with le aders or branches too severely cut back or with bottom limbs trimmed too high will be rejected . Small-growing deciduous trees shall be thickly branched with a well-balanced, natural shape. Plants which are poorly furnished or have grown or been pruned into unnatural shapes will be rejected. Tree "Clumps" shall have three or more main stems starting fr om the ground.
c.All plants shall have been grown under climatic condition s similar to those in the locality of the site of the project under construction or h ave been acclimated to such conditions for at least two years. All plants must have been g rown in a latitude north of Washington, D.C. The Resident may require a sworn affidavit fr om the contractor stating the source where all plants were grown. Payment for plants may be withheld until this affidavit is received. All plants shall be nursery grown unless otherwise stipulated . No plant will be considered nursery grown unless it has been transplanted at lea st once and has been growing in a nursery for at least 2 years. Where collected stock is al lowed, all plants in addition to meeting all other requirements for nursery-grown stock, shall h ave a diameter of ball or root spread at least one-third greater than that required for nurser y stock. Plants showing signs of lack of root pruning, cultivati on or other proper nursery ca re will be classified as collected stock regardless of their source.
d.All plants must be healthy and vigorous; free from diseas e, injurious insects and their eggs or larva, mechanical wounds, broken branches, de cay, or any other defects.
e.All plants shall be true to name. Each bundle or each pl ant when not tied in bundles shall be labeled legibly and securely. The current edi tion of "Standardized Plant Names" prepared by the Editorial Committee of the American Join t Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature shall be the authority for all plant names. Care shall be taken throughout the operation to keep each pla nt species or variety segregated and labeled. The Resident will reject any plants co ncerning any doubt or confusion arising about nomenclature, either at the time of del ivery or at any subsequent time.
f.The Contractor shall take all precautions that are custom ary in good trade practice to insure upon arrival at the planting site the plants are in good condition for successful growth. All plants must show appearance of normal h ealth and vigor. Plants with loose or broken balls; dried out roots, twigs or needles; or plants which have become overheated in transit or are found not to comply with these spe cifications in any way will be rejected. The Resident will not assume responsibility for such rejected material. 6-69 The Resident reserves the right to plainly mark all rejected plants with paint or by other means to ensure that they are not used on the job. Re jected plants may not be used on the project, will not be paid f or, and must be replaced by t he contractor with approved plants. If plants with communicable diseases are not removed o r destroyed immediately, upon discovery of the disease, all plants that were left in con tact will also be rejected.
621.04 Plant Size and Root Balls
Class A Plants The plant sizes specified in the "American Sta ndards for Nursery Stock" are the minimum sizes acceptable. (ANSI Z60.1) Plants, w hich meet the sizes specified but do not have a normal shape and balance between he ight and spread, will be rejected. Thin, poorly branched, or sparsely rooted plants wil l be rejected, regardless of whether they meet the minimum technical requirements of the Ame rican Standard for Nursery Stock . Where bare roots are irregular, the size of the root spread wi ll be the average root spread considering all sides of the plant and not the maximum r oot spread. The Resident may allow moderate deviations from exact sizes of plants that n ormally have irregular root systems. Coarse-rooted plants, which l ack sufficient fibrous feeding r oots, will be rejected. Recently cut stubs of large roots on either balled or bare roo t stock will be considered evidence of lack of proper nursery care and root-pru ning and will be sufficient grounds for rejecting such plants or classifying them as collec ted stock. Acceptable roots will retain sufficient fibrous feeding roots. Where a size range with a maximum and minimum is given, an ave rage size is required. At least 40 percent of the plants in a size range sh all be at or above the average for this size range. A solid ball is referred to as one encompassing the roots of a plant. A solid ball shall consist of the soil in which the plant was originally grown. T he ball shall have been dug up in such a manner as not to disturb the roots. Where such a bal l is required the designation B and B, Balled and Burlapped, will be used. No B and B stock wi ll be accepted if this solid soil ball has disintegrated or if loose soil apparently has bee n packed around the roots. Peat Balls and other fiber material will not be acceptable whe re B and B stock is called for, but said root balls may be furnished where bare roo t stock is called for if approved by the Resident. Per ASNS Standards, the c aliper of trees shall be the diameter of the trunk taken 6 inches above the root collar for up to and including four-inch caliper size . If the caliper at 6 inches exceeds 4 inches in diameter, the caliper will be measur ed at 12 inches above the ground. 6-70 Class B Plants Unless otherwise specified, plants used in Cl ass B plantings shall be seedlings, plugs or lining out stock with heavy, fibrous, co mpact root systems. The comparative size of the plants shall be as stated under the hea ding "Seedling Trees and Shrubs" in the "American Standa rd for Nursery Stock". All coni fers must have dormant buds and secondary needles. Where B and B plants are designate d, ball sizes shall be the same as Class A plants.
621.06 Inspection A preliminary check of the plants may be m ade at the time of
delivery for condition of the plants and conformity to the spec ifications. The Contractor shall inform the Resident at least 48 hours in advance, as to w hat plants are to be planted and in what location. Inspection will continue throughout the life of the contract up to the time of Final Acceptance. Plants which are not true to name, do not conform to the specifications, show evidence of improper handling or lack of p roper care or which appear to be in a seriously unhealthy condition must be removed by the Contractor at once and replaced by acceptable plants as soon as the planting season al lows. Any unacceptable plants when pointed out to the Contractor by the Resident shall be removed at once. If this occurs during the planting season, these plants shall be replac ed at once; if between planting seasons, they shall be replaced at the next subsequent planting season, unless conditionally directed by the Resident for evergreens and other preferred spr ing planted items.
621.17 General Construction Requirements Planting operations shall be performed
in accordance with the plans and specifications and as directed by the Resident.
621.18 Layout The location of plants as shown on the plans sh all be considered
approximate only. The exact locations will be designated on th e ground by the Resident, making such changes as may be required to adjust the planting t o local conditions. Plant quantities may, in some cases, be increased or decreased as pro vided in Section 109.1 - Changes in Quantities. Locations for trees and shrubs shall be staked out on the ground by the Resident before herbicides are applied and any plant pits o r beds are dug. The Contractor shall furnish the stakes for use in marking pla nt locations. Stakes shall be wire survey flags at least 21 inches tall. Layout sta kes shall be approved by the Resident before the Contractor commences any work on the projec t. The Contractor shall mark the stakes legibly with indelible ma rking material and may also be required to furnish personnel, capable of locating plan ts from plans, to carry out the staking under the direction of the Resident. Before actively starting work on the project, the Contractor s hall provide the Resident with a planting sequence schedule to be used in establ ishing priorities in staking plant locations. The Contractor shall give the Resident at lea st four days advance notice of any deviations from this schedule. The Resident will not be re sponsible for any delay or inconvenience caused by unfinished staking resulting from the C ontractors failure to follow the above procedure. 6-71 All stakes used to locate plants shall be replaced in the corr ect plant pits after each operation and shall remain there until the Resident directs the ir removal. When plants are set out in wrong locations due to stakes being misplaced during digging and planting operations, the Contractor shall be required to move the mispla ced plants to the proper location at their own risk and expense.
621.19 Plant Pits and Beds
a.Plant Beds Areas designated as plant beds must have the e ntire surface cultivated, cleared of weeds and be completely covered with mul ch. Actual mulch limit will extend 2½ feet out from the center of plant or to the pavement edge, bridge wall, and roadside face of guardrail. Cultivation must include complete removal of all weed and grass roots, loose stones over 3 inches maximum diameter and any othe r debris. Approved herbicides are permitted for weed control in place of sod remov al.
b.Rock Excavation When ledge or boulders over ¼ yd³ in size are encountered in digging plant pits, the Contractor shall notify the Resident who will change the location of the plants. No excavation of ledge or boulders over ¼ yd³ i n volume will be required and no extra payment will be made for rock excavation or for shifti ng of plant holes due to rock.
c.Class A Planting Size of plant pits shall bear the follow ing relationship to the spread of roots or root ball diam eter of the plants to be plant ed in them: For all plant materials, the holes shall be 2 times the diamet er of the ball or container size. The plant pit shall be deep enough so that when installed the top of the root ball is even with to 1 inch higher than the existing ground. In all ca ses, the depth shall be sufficient to contain all the roots of the plant without crowdi ng. In certain areas of poor drainage or heavy soil, the Resident may require raising the plant elevation. When required, the raising of the plants sh all be included as a part of the cost of the plant. Excavated soil mixed with organic humus shall be used as back fill around the roots. Stones larger than 2 inches in maximum diameter, large roots, roots or rhizomes of weeds or other injurious materials shall be removed and not use d as backfill. Any additional material needed to fill plant pits to the level of the surround ing ground shall be loam (Section 615) furnished by the Cont ractor at their own expense.
d.Class B Planting Class B plants will be planted in the ex isting soil. Plant holes must be deep enough to allow room, for the full depth of the root without doubling or folding and wide enough to allow room for its normal spread. P lants must be set straight and at the same depth at which they were previously growing. S oil must be firmly compacted about the roots leaving no air pockets. 6-72
621.20 Planting Seasons Seasons for planting, unless otherwis e directed, shall be
within the following dates: Bare Root Plants Spring April 1 st to May 31st F a l l S e p t . 15th to Oct. 15th Evergreens Container or Balled and Burlapped S p r i ng April 1 st to June 15th F a l l August 15th to September 30th Potted & Container Grown Deciduous Plants S p r i ng April 1 st to June 30th F a l l A ugust 15th to Nov. 30th Balled & Burlapped Deciduous Plants S p r i n g A p r i l 1 st to June 15th F a l l A ugust 15th to Nov. 30th Plants will not be planted in frozen soil, soil that is excessi vely wet, or excessively dry. Preparations for planting may begin earlier than the specified season and planting work may continue beyond the specified time limits if approved by the Resident. However, the Resident may require that all plants planted out-of-season shall receive special attention as directed. Any out-of-season planting shall be at the Contra ctor's risk and expense.
621.23 Setting Plants
a.Placement Plants shall be set plumb and straight in the pr epared pits and beds and at a level such as will result, after settlement, in the top of th e root ball being level with or to within 1 inch above the surrounding ground surface.
b.Staking If the Resident or Landscape Architect determin es a tree requires staking, the Landscape Contractor will provide staking incidental to the cost of the plant. Tree staking shall be done in accordance with horticultural industry standards; trees shall be staked to allow slight sway and movement all the way to the gro und. Stakes shall not extend into tree branches. Stakes shall be driven into undisturbed so il and not permitted to penetrate root balls. Staked trees shall remain in a plumb position throughout the Ma intenance Period. Staking materials shall be removed after one growing season or if longer time is needed at the end of the Maintenance Period.
621.24 Backfill Class A For all Cl ass A plants backfill shall consist of 3 parts of soil
excavated from the plant pit thoroughly mixed with one part of organic humus and/or horticultural amendments as approved by the Resident . Sods or clods may not be used as backfill. The backfill material shall be placed and compacted in the bottom of the planting 6-73 pit and shall be worked around the roots and thoroughly compact ed as the backfilling proceeds, leaving no air pockets. The backfill shall be filled in around the root ball to half the depth of the ball, and the remaining wire basket shall be r emoved and the remaining burlap around the ball shall be loosened and spread out away fr om the plant or if it is too bulky, cut away and removed. The backfilling shall then be com pleted, watered and tamped firm. Plastic film wraps shall be completely removed during pl anting. Nursery containers shall be completely removed before planting. The roots of bare root plant materials shall be placed in their natural arrangement with the backfilling carefu lly performed to prevent damage to the plant's root system. Broken or bruised roots sha ll be pruned immediately, making a clean cut. Shallow basins or saucers of earth will be required to be placed around each plant. However, when drainage conditions are poor, as in heavy clay soil, the Resident may require that such saucers be omitted or used only temporari ly. All plants shall be thoroughly watered and liquid fe d the day they are planted and as often thereafter as necessary for the plants to become safely established.
621.25 Fertilizing
a.Water Soluble Fertilizer The Contractor shall liquid feed all class A plantings as the first watering, unless ot herwise directed by the Residen t. Liquid fertilizer shall be completely dissolved and mixed in w ater at the rate of 6 pounds of the fertilizer concentrate to 100 gallons of water. The resulting solution shall be poured around the plant in the plant saucer. The solution shall be applied at the following rates for each appli cation: Containerized plants shall receive watering-in fertilizer solut ion of volume equal to container size. Plant materials including B&B shrubs and deciduous trees specif ied by height/spread shall receive one (1) gallon of water per each 1 foot (12 inche s) of height/spread. Plant materials specified by caliper shall receive one (1) gall on of water per each ¼ inch (one-quarter inch) of caliper measurement. Evergreen plant materials shall receive two (2) gallons of wate r per each 1 foot (12 inches) of height.
b.Slow Release Fertilizer Tablets All Class A plantings sha ll be fertilized with slow release fertilizer tablets or equivalent as approved by th e Resident, at the time of planting, unless otherwise directed by the Resident. Fertilize r tablets shall be placed equidistantly within the planting pit adjacent to the ball or r oot mass, but not in direct contact with roots. Placement depth shall be 6 to 8 inches bel ow ground level. The application rates shall be as follows: Deciduous and Evergreen Shrubs shall receive one (1) tablet per each 1 foot (12 inches) of size. 6-74 Deciduous Trees and Evergreen Trees specified by height shall r eceive one (1) tablet for two foot height, plus 1 additional tablet for each additional 1 foot (12 inches) of size. Deciduous Trees specified by caliper shall receive one (1) tabl ets for each ½ inch (one- half inch) caliper. Specification Plant size Tablets Height/Spread 12” - 23” 1 Height/Spread 2’ - 3’ 2 Height/Spread 3’ – 4’ 3 Evergreen/Ht. 3’ – 4’ 3 Evergreen/Ht. 5’ – 6’ 5 Caliper 2” – 3” 4 Caliper 3” – 4” 6 Perennials, Vines and Ground Covers shall receive 1 tablet or a ppropriately proportioned equivalent.
621.26 Mulching The disturbed surface area of plant beds and pits shall be evenly
and uniformly covered to a depth 4 i nches with bark mulch or as directed by the Resident. All plant pits and beds must be entirely free of weed or grass growth and free of live roots of all weeds and grasses prior to the time mulch is applied. Mulc h shall be removed from or installed with no contact to trunk or bark surfaces. Mulching will not be required on Class B plantings, unless oth erwise specified on a project specific basis. Measurement of the depth of mulch will be made after one heavy rain or after a three-week period without heavy rain. All plant pits and beds must be entirely free of weed or grass growth and free of live roots of all weeds and grasses at the time mulch is applied. When plant beds are installed near guardrails, or as stated in Section 621.19(a), the space between the plants and the guardrail or the nearest pavem ent when it extends behind the guardrail, shall be treated as a part of the plant bed and shall be weeded and mulched. Plants shall not be damaged when the mulch is applied. Smothe red or otherwise damaged plants must be replaced. Mulch, in place, will not be permitted to be directly in contact with the base of plant trunks or stems. Plants shall b e mulched at the time of installation.
621.27 Cultivation All plant pits and beds shall be kept free of weeds and grass by
the Contractor from the time the plants are planted until final acceptance. This shall be accomplished by manual weeding, cultivation, or use of approved herbicides. Application 6-75 of herbicides to control weeds or grass shall be performed only by a Maine licensed pesticide applicator with an appropriate category as determined by the Board of Pesticide Control. There will be no payment for unsatisfactory work.
621.30 Pruning Pruning shall be done to each plant individual ly in such a manner as
to preserve the natural character of the plant and shall be don e only after delivery and inspection. All pruning shall be done with sharp tools by expe rienced persons in accordance with the best horticultural practice. Plants pruned in such a manner as to seriously impair the appearance or character of the plant will be rejected. Ben ch pruning with knives or axes will not be permitted. Broken or badly bruised branches, soft wood, and sucker growth shall be removed with clean cuts. Excessive pruning shall not be accepted as a means of disposin g of dead wood or unhealthy plants. Plants in such poor condition that they can only be revived by pruning of more than 1/3 or more of the growth will be considered unsatisf actory and will be rejected. At the time of final acceptance, all plants must be at least th e size called for in the specification.
621.31 Potted and Container Grown Plants Plants supplied in C ontainers must have
been established in containers at least one full growing season before planting and shall have a well rooted condition evidenced by the firmness of the m ass of soil and roots. The outside of the ball of soil shall be well matted with healthy w orking roots, but shall not be pot bound. Plants shall be adequately hardened off before plan ting. Root growth shall be loosened prior to planting. Containers shall be of such shape as to permit easy removal of the plant. No plant will be accepted if the container ball is cracked or broken upon removal from the container.
621.33 Protection of Plants It will be the responsibility of t he Contractor to take
necessary steps to protect all plants from rodents during the M aintenance Period. Protection from rodents will be included in t he cost of the individual pla nts and the Contractor will receive no extra compensation for this work.
621.34 Cleanup and Repair All excess excavated material and d ebris resulting from
the planting operation shall be promptly disposed of outside of and out of sight of the project, unless otherwise directed by the Resident. Any areas disturbed by the Contractor showing bare earth, that do not require mulching, shall be seed ed with approved grass seed, fertilized and mulched, as directed by the Resident. The Contractor shall be responsible for any damage caused by t heir operations and shall restore the disturbed areas to their original condition. Cost of cleanup and repair shall be incidental to the work. 6-76
621.35 Prosecution and Progress It is essential that each por tion of the planting
work in any area be promptly followed by cleanup of subsoil and debris, fertilization, watering, cultivation, pruning, mulching, spraying as needed, r epair and restoration of damage caused by the Contractor, etc. The Contractor shall pro vide sufficient labor and supervisory personnel to carry out this work without undue dela y. Any delay in carrying out this phase of the work which, results either in danger to the h ealth or growth of the plants or a poor appearance of the project f rom the point of view of the public will be considered due cause for withholding all or part of any payment due the Contra ctor for plants delivered and planted or for any other work done. Partial payments on the contract do not constitute approval or acceptance of any specific plants or work operations. The right is reserved to r eject any plants or work, which are discovered to be unsatisfactory at any time before the end of the Maintenance Period..
621.36 Maintenance Period
The acceptability of the plant material furnished and planted under this contract shall be at the end of the Maintenan ce Period, during which the Contr actor, as necessary, shall employ all possible means to preserve the plants in a healthy a nd vigorously growing condition and to insure their successful establishment. During this period, the Contractor shall water, cultivate and prune the plants, and do any other w ork necessary to maintain the plants in a healthy growing condition. This shall include seas onal spraying with approved insecticides or fungicides as may be required. The Contractor shall also be responsible for protecting the plants from rodents. All dead or rejected plant s shall be promptly removed from the project and replaced by live healthy plants meeting th e same specifications. If such plants are declared unacceptable during the planting season, th ey shall be replaced during this planting season, otherwise, they shall be replaced during the next subsequent planting season. Such replacement plants are subject to the same requirements a s the original plants and must be replaced in turn if th ey fail to meet the required standards. Plants designated for spring planting only, will be replaced only during the spri ng planting season unless otherwise directed by the Resident. The Maintenance Period shall commence after Physical Work Comp lete but not before the Landscape Warranty Bond has been received by the Res ident if required by Special Provision and shall extend for two years after that dat e unless otherwise directed. Necessary replacements shall be made so that at the end of the Maintenance Period all plants shall be in a healthy, vigorous growing condition and free from sizable die-back. Replacements will be required for plants lost, damaged, or rej ected, whatever the cause. The Contractor will be considered responsible for the p lants until the end of the Maintenance Period. It shall be the sole responsibility of the Contractor to repla ce any unsatisfactory plants on the project regardless of whether they are specifical ly designated by the Resident. 6-77 In the case of individual doubtfu l plants, the Contractor may c all upon the Resident to make a determination as to their acceptability, but it shall not be incumbent on the Resident to furnish the Contractor with exact lists of replacements. All replacements of plants shall be completed by the end of th e planting season before the end of the Maintenance Period. All replacement plan ting shall conform in every way to the requirements of the original planting. The Resident may require that any replacement plants that are not dormant, or that are planted la te in the season, be sprayed, as directed with an approved anti-desiccant.
621.37 Method of Measurement The quantity of plants to be mea sured for payment
will be the number of individual plants furnished and planted a s required and accepted, excluding replacements.
621.38 Basis of Payment Each item of "Planting" will be paid for at the contract unit
price for each accepted plant furnished and planted. Payment s hall constitute full compensation for; furnishing and placing plants, digging, deliv ering, rodent protection, preparing plant pits, beds and dr ains; planting, watering, fert ilizing, mulching, pruning, and the cleanup of planting areas; for all, fertilizer, mulch and o ther necessary materials; all labor, equipment, tools , Maintenance Period work, Replacement and Bonding (if required by Special Provision) and any other incidentals necessary to co mplete the work. When a bid item calls for a "Group" of trees, shrubs, vines or other plants, the Contractor shall furnish each individual species within this "G roup" for the same unit bid price. The name and estimated number of individual species within eac h "Group" will be shown on the estimated quantities sheet of the plans. Payment will be made under: P a y I t e m P a y U n i t 621.XX Name plant or plant group Each a s d e t a i l e d i n S c h e d u l e o f I t e m s i n P r oposal Book SECTION 622 - TRANSPLANTING SHRUBS, HEDGES, AND TREES
622.01 Description This work shall consist of digging, moving and replanting
existing shrubs, hedges, and trees in accordance with these spe cifications and in conformity with the plans or as directed.
622.02 Materials – General All non-plant materials shall con form to the
requirements specified in the following Sections of division 70 0 – Materials 6-78 Fertilizer 717.01 M u l c h 717.04 H u m u s 717.09
622.03 Shrubs and Hedges a. Digging The earth of shrubs and hedges to be moved shall be carefully encompassing
the roots as is customary in good nursery practice. Minimum si ze of the rootball shall be as indicated in the current edition of the "American Standards for Nursery Stock" (ANSI Z60.1)
b.Moving The earth rootball shall be maintained as a solid un it during the moving of the shrubs and hedges and must be protected from breaking or cr acking by careful handling. The rootball shall be tightly wrapped with burlap or similar ma terial. Earth rootballs greater than 18 inches in diameter shall be tightly bound with cord or rope placed over the burlap unless the shrubs or hedges are to be replanted immediately aft er digging.
c.Planting The plants shall be planted in the designated new location at the same depth below ground surface as before they were moved. Backfill consis ting of 3 parts excavated soil and one part organic humus shall be placed under and arou nd the rootball to eliminate all air pockets and to support the plant. Insofar as feasible, when hedges are to be transplanted, the individual plants shall be replanted in the s ame relationship to each other that existed before they were moved. Fertilizer tablets shall be placed into the backfill at the fol lowing rates. Shrubs to 2 foot high or spread 1 tablet Shrubs to 4 foot high or spread 2 tablets Shrubs to 6 foot high or spread 3 tablets
d.Time of Transplanting Plants shall be dug and transplanted only when dormant, unless otherwise directed by the Resident. When dug, shrubs an d hedges shall be moved directly to the final planting site and planted immediately, if possible. The rootball must be kept moist at all times during transplanting operations. If co nstruction makes it impossible to replant the plants immediat ely after digging, the rootballs of the plants shall be kept completely covered with a thick layer of earth, straw, bark mul ch, peat moss, or similar material which shall be kept moist at all times while the plant s remain unplanted. Shrubs may be held in approved pots under conditions of delayed replan ting.
e.Pruning All pruning shall be done in accordance with the be st horticultural practice. Dead, diseased, or injured shoots and branches shall be removed . In order to restore a normal balance between top and roots, deciduous shrubs shall be thinned by removing uniformly scattered, selected branches which shall be cut back to the main stem, as directed. The Resident may also require tip pruning. Tip pruning may als o be required for
Source: Maine Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2020 Edition. Pages 537–548 of 817.