6-60
619.06 Method of Measurement The Department will measure Mulc h for payment
by the area of surface in Units of 1000 ft2 along the slope of the ground. The quantity of bark mulch and erosion control mix measured an d accepted for payment will be the number of cubic yards each, delivered and i nstalled to the required depth as shown on the plans or as directed. Measurement will b e parallel with the slope of the ground.
619.07 Basis of Payment The accepted areas mulched will be paid for at the
contract price per unit; Bark Mulch and Erosion Control Mix wil l be paid for by the Cubic Yard; which shall be full compensation for furnishing and sprea ding the hay or straw and mulch binder, cellulose fiber mulch, bark mulch or erosion cont rol mix. When mulch is measured by bales, each bale will be paid for at 60% of the contract price per unit. Payment will be made under: P a y I t e m P a y U n i t
619.12 Mulch Unit
619.13 Bark Mulch Cubic Yard
619.14 Erosion Control Mix Cubic Yard
SECTION 620 – GEOTEXTILES
620.01 Description This work shall consist of the furnis hing and installing of woven
geotextile fabric or non-woven geotechnical fabric, hereinafter called fabric, as shown in the Contract, or otherwise directe d. This Section is intended for use in conjunction with Section 722 - Geotextiles.
620.02 Materials Fibers used in the manufacture of geote xtiles, and the threads used
in joining geotextile by sewing, shall consist of long-chain sy nthetic polymers, composed of 95 percent by weight of polyolefins or polyesters. They shall be formed into a stable network such that the filaments or yarns retain their dimension al stability relative to each other, including salvages. Geotextiles shall meet the requirements in the following Sectio ns of Division 700 - Materials: Stabilization/Reinforcement Geotextile 722.01 Drainage Geotextile 722.02 Erosion Control Geotextile 722.03 Separation Geotextile 722.04 6-61
620.03 Placement
A.Stabilization/Reinforcement and Separation Geotextile The i nstallation site shall be prepared by clearing, grubbing, and excavating or filling the a rea to the design grade. This includes the removal of topsoil and vegetation. Soft spots and unsuitable areas identified during site preparation shall be excavated and backfilled with select material and compacted using normal procedures, as directed. The geotextile shall be laid smooth without wrinkles or folds on the prepared subgrade in the direction of c onstruction traffic. The subbase shall be placed by end dumping onto the geotextile from the edge of the geotextile, or over previously placed subbase aggregate. Construction vehicles shall not be allowed directly on the geotextile. The subbase shall be placed such that at least the minimum spec ified lift thickness shall be between the geotextile and equipment tires or tracks at all tim es. Turning of vehicles shall not be permitted on the first lift above the geotextile. Any r uts occurring during construction shall be filled with additional subbase material a nd compacted to the specified density. In stabilization applications, the use of vibratory c ompaction equipment is not recommended with the initial lift of subbase as it may cause da mage to the geotextile. When fabric is to be used as a reinforcement geotextile, care shall be taken to tension the fabric before completely covering with aggregate. Cover material shall be placed starting on one edge of the fabric and progress toward t he opposite edge, in order to maintain tension in the fabric. When sloped riprap is to be placed on fabric, the site shall be prepared to provide an undulating and uneven surface, as much as is practical. The fa bric shall be placed loosely to prevent any bridging of the uneven surface. Fabric to be place d on slopes shall have the long direction oriented up and down t he slope as shown on the S tandard Detail. The armor system placement shall begin at the toe and proceed up the slope. Placement shall take place so as to avoid stretching and subseq uent tearing of the geotextile. Riprap and heavy stone fill shall not be dropped from a height of more than 1 foot. Stone with a mass of more than 220 pounds shall not be allowed to rol l down the slope. Slope protection and smaller sizes of stone filling shall not be drop ped from a height exceeding 3 feet, or a demonstration provided showing that the placement pr ocedures will not damage the geotextile. Following placement of the armor stone, gradin g of the slope shall not be permitted if the grading results in movement of the stone direc tly above the geotextile. For Separation Geotextile, when the fabric is to be placed in the roadway, the cover material shall be dumped on previously placed cover material or at the edges of the fabric and then pushed onto the fabric. The first layer of cover mate rial shall be greater than 8 inches and first compacted by a track bulldozer. At no time sh all construction equipment be allowed on the fabric when the fabric is covered with less than 8 inches of compacted cover material. Ruts shall be filled with additional cover material to maintain the minimum 8 inch cover over the fabric. When fabric is placed in the roadway, t he fabric roll widths shall be 6-62 chosen so that there will be a minimum number of overlaps of pa rallel rolls. The total width of surface covered is shown on the Standard Details
B.Drainage Geotextile Trench excavation shall be done in acco rdance with details of the project plans. In all instances excavation shall be done i n such a way as to prevent large voids from occurring in the sides and bottom of the trench. Th e graded surface shall be smooth and free of debris. The fabric shall be placed loosely with no wrinkles or folds and with no void spaces between the geotextile and the ground surfa ce. Placement of the drainage aggregate should proceed immediately following placement of the geotextile. The geotextile shall be covered w ith a minimum of 1 foot of loosely placed aggregate prior to compaction. If a perforated collector pipe is to be installed in the trench, a bedding layer of drainage aggregate should be placed below the pipe, with the remainder of the aggregate placed to the minimum required c onstruction depth. The aggregate should be compacted with vibratory equipment to a min imum of 95% Standard AASHTO density unless the trench is required for structural sup port. If higher compactive effort is required, a Class 1 geotextile as described in Sectio n 722 - Geotextiles is needed.
C.Erosion Control Geotextile The geotextile shall be placed i n intimate contact with the soils without wrinkles or folds and anchored on a smooth graded surface approved by the Resident. The geotextile shall be placed in such a manner that placement of the overlying materials will not excessively stretch the geotextile, tearing it. Anchoring of the terminal ends of the geotextile shall be acco mplished using key trenches or aprons at the crest and toe of slope. The geotexti le shall be placed with the machine direction parallel to the direction of water flow which is normally parallel to the slope of erosion control runoff and wave action and parallel to the stream or channel in the case of stream bank and channel protection. When riprap or sto ne ditch protection is placed on fabric, the stones shall be placed so that they do not punct ure or otherwise damage the fabric. When sloped riprap is to be placed on fabric, the site shall b e prepared to provide an undulating and uneven surface, as much as is practical. The fa bric shall be placed loosely to prevent any bridging of the uneven surface. Fabric to be place d on slopes shall have the long direction oriented up and down t he slope as shown in the S tandard Details. The armor system placement shall begin at the toe and proceed up the slope. Placement shall take place so as to avoid stretching and subseq uent tearing of the geotextile. Riprap and heavy stone fill shall not be dropped from a height of more than 1 foot. Stone with a mass of more than 220 pounds shall not be allowed to rol l down the slope. Slope protection and smaller sizes of stone filling shall not be drop ped from a height exceeding 3 feet, or a demonstration provided showing that the placement pr ocedures will not damage the geotextile. Following placement of the armor stone, gradin g of the slope shall not be permitted if the grading results in movement of the stone direc tly above the geotextile. 6-63 In underwater applications, the geotextile and backfill materi al shall be placed the same day. All void spaces in the armor stone shall be backfill ed with small stone to ensure full coverage.
620.04 Overlap Adjacent lengths of fabric shall be joined by overlapping a
minimum of 18 inches at the ends and sides except when sewing i s specified or fabric is placed on slopes. All overlaps on slopes shall be placed as fol lows:
A.For slopes steeper than 3H:1V - Sewn seams or minimum 3 foo t overlaps with no pinning or staking allowed.
B.For slopes flatter than 3H:1V - Sewn seams or minimum 18 in ch overlaps and pins or stakes may be used to anchor the overlaps per the manufacturer’ s recommended spacing.
C.Overlaps shall be in the direction of flow. When fabric is placed in the roadway, the fabric roll widths s hall be chosen so that there will be a minimum number of overlaps of parallel rolls. The total width of surface covered is shown on the Standard Details.
A.Stabilization/Reinforcement and Separation Geotextile Adjac ent geotextile rolls shall be overlapped shingle style, s ewn, or joined as required in the plans. Overlaps shall be in the direction shown on the plans. On curves the geotextile may be folded or cut to conform to the curves. The fold or overl ap shall be in the direction o f construction and held in place by pins, staples, or piles of fill or rock. The following Tabl e summarizes the minimum overlap for geotextiles in this application: AASHTO Classification Minimum Overlap A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4 18 inches A-5, A-6, A-7 3 feet or sewna All roll ends 3 feet or sewna aSeams shall be sewn when the soils have a CBR equal to or less than 1, unless otherwise specified.
B.Drainage Geotextile Successive sheets of geotextiles shall be overlapped a minimum of 1 foot, with the upstream sheet overlapping the downstream s heet. In trenches equal to or greater than 1 foot in width, aft er placing the drainage aggreg ate the geotextile shall be folded over the top of the backfill material in a manner to pro duce a minimum overlap of 1 foot. In trenches of less th an 1 foot but greater than 4 inche s wide, the overlap shall be equal to the width of the trench. Where the trench is less tha n 4 inches, the geotextile overlap shall be sewn or otherwise bonded. All seams shall be subject to the approval of the Resident.
C.Erosion Control Geotextile Adjacent geotextile sheets shall be joined by either sewing or overlapping shingle style. Overlapped seams of roll ends shall be a minimum of 6-64 18 inches except where placed under water. In such instances t he overlap shall be a minimum of 3 feet. Overlaps of adjacent rolls shall be a minim um of 18 inches in all instances. When overlapping, successive sheets of the geotexti le shall be overlapped upstream over downstream, and/or upslope over downslope. In ca ses where wave action or multidirectional flow is anticipated, all seams perpendicular t o the direction of flow shall be sewn. For Erosion Control applications, the thread shall also be resistant to ultraviolet radiation.
620.05 Seams When sewn seams are to be used, field or factory seaming by
machine will be allowed. If a sewn seam is to be used for the seaming of the geotextile, the thread used shall consist of high strength polyethylene or poly ester and shall have the same or greater durability as the geosynthetic being seamed. Nylon t hread shall not be used. The thread shall be adjusted in the f ield to be sufficiently tight but not cut the geotextile. For Erosion Control applications, the thread shall also be resistan t to ultraviolet radiation. The thread shall be of contrasting color to that of the geotextile itself. Flat/prayer seams or J- /Double J-type seams shall be used with double-locked stitches (Class 40l), except the "flat" seam may be used for repair of damaged in-place fabric. A stit ch density of 70 to 140 per foot shall be used for lighter-weight geotextiles while heavier geotextiles shall have 50 to 70 per foot. All field seams shall be double stitched with two pa rallel passes and the 2 rows of stitching shall be approximately ½ in apart and shall not cross at any point. All stitching shall be at least 1 inch from the fabric edge. For seams that are sewn in the field, the Contractor shall pro vide at least a 6.5 foot length of sewn seam for sampling by the Resident before the geo textile is installed. For seams that are sewn in the factory, the Resident shall obtain s amples of the factory seams at random from any roll of geotextile that is used on the project. For seams that are field sewn, the seams sewn for sampling shall be sewn using the same equipm ent and procedures as will be used for the production seams. If seams are sewn in both th e machine and cross machine direction, samples of seams from both directions shall be provi ded. When sewn seams are required, the seam strength, as measure d in accordance with ASTM D 4632, shall be equal to or greater than 90 percent of th e specified grab strength. The Contractor shall submit the seam assembly description along with the sample of the seam. The description shall include the seam type, stitch type , sewing thread, and stitch density. To facilitate inspection all seams shall be placed wi th the seam up so that repairs can easily be made if faulty seams are encountered during inspe ction, as shown on the Standard Detail. Procedures for testing sewn seams are given i n ASTM D 4884 - Standard Test Method for Seam Strength of Sewn Geotextiles.
620.06 Certification The Contractor shall provide to the Resid ent a certificate stating
the name of the manufacturer, product name, style number, chemi cal composition of the filaments or yarns and other pertinent information to fully des cribe the geotextile. This information shall be furnished to the Resident for approval of the fabric before installation. The Manufacturer is responsible for establishing and maintainin g a quality control program to assure compliance with the requirements of Section 722 - Geo textiles. Documentation describing the quality control program shall be made available upon request. The 6-65 Manufacturer’s certificate shall state that the furnished geote xtile meets Minimum Average Roll Value (MARV) requirements of the specification as evaluate d under the Manufacturer’s quality control program. A person having legal authority to bind the Manufacturer shall attest to the certificate. Either mislabeli ng or misrepresentation of materials shall be reason to reject those geotextile products.
620.07 Sampling and Acceptance Geotextiles shall be subject t o sampling and
testing to verify conformance with this specification. Samplin g for testing shall be in accordance with the most current ASTM D 4354, using the section titled, “Procedure for Sampling for Purchaser’s Specification Conformance Testing.” I n the absence of purchaser’s testing, verification may be based on manufacturer’ s certifications as a result of testing by the manufacturer of quality assurance samples obtain ed using the procedure for Sampling for Manufacturer’s Quality Assurance (MQA) Testing. A lot size for conformance or quality assurance sampling shall be considered t he shipment quantity of the given product or a truckload of t he given product, whichever is smaller. Testing shall be performed in accordance with the methods refe renced in Section 722 - Geotextiles for the indicated application. The number of spe cimens to test per sample is specified by each test method. Geotextile product acceptance s hall be based on ASTM D 4759. Product acceptance is determined by comparing the averag e test results of all specimens within a given sample to the specification MARV. Ref er to ASTM D 4759 for more details regarding geotextile acceptance procedures.
620.08 Shipment, Storage, Protection, and Repair of Fabric Ge otextile labeling,
shipment and storage shall follow ASTM D 4873. Product labels shall clearly show the manufacturer or supplier name, style number, and roll number. Each shipping document shall include a notation certifying that the material is in acc ordance with the manufacturer’s certificate. Each geotextile roll shall be wrapped with a mate rial that will protect the geotextile from damage due to shipment, water, sunlight and con taminants. The protective wrapping shall be maintained during periods of shipment and sto rage. During storage, geotextile rolls shall be elevated off the ground and adequatel y covered to protect them from the following: site construction damage, precipitation, extende d ultraviolet radiation including sunlight, chemicals that are strong acids or strong b ases, flames including welding sparks, temperatures in excess of 160°F, and any other environm ental condition that may damage the physical property values of the geotextile. To prevent damaging the fabric, the Contractor shall exercise necessary care while transporting, storing, and installing the fabric. Atmospheric exposure of geotextiles to the elements following laydown shall be a maximum of 5 days to mini mize damage potential. At no time shall riprap stones be rolled down the slope where f abric has been placed. Before installation, the fabric shall be protected from rain, from sunlight or other ultraviolet exposure and from dust, mud, debris, or other eleme nts that may affect its performance. Fabric that is torn, punctured, or otherwise dama ged shall not be placed. During installation, direct weather exposure of the fabric shal l be limited to a maximum of 5 days, from laydown to covering of the fabric. 6-66
A.Stabilization/Reinforcement Geotextile Before covering, the geotextile shall be inspected by the Resident to ensure that the geotextile has not been damaged during installation. Damaged geotextiles, as identified by the Reside nt, shall be repaired immediately. Cover the damaged area with a geotextile patch tha t extends an amount equal to the required overlap beyond the damaged area. If placement of the backfill material causes damage to the geotextile, the damaged area shall be repa ired as previously described. The placement procedure shall then be modified to eliminate fur ther damage from taking place.
B.Drainage Geotextile Should the geotextile be damaged during installation or drainage aggregate placement, a geotextile patch shall be placed extendi ng beyond the damaged area by a distance of 18 inches, or the specified seam overlap, whic hever is greater.
C.Erosion Control Geotextile The geotextile shall be placed in such a manner that placement of the overlying materials will not excessively stret ch the geotextile, tearing it. Care shall be taken during installation so as to avoid damage o ccurring to the geotextile as a result of the installation process. Should the geotextile be d amaged during installation, a geotextile patch shall be placed over the damaged area extendin g 3 feet beyond the perimeter of the damage. When riprap or stone ditch protection is placed on fabric, the stones shall be placed so that they do not puncture or otherwis e damage the fabric. Field monitoring shall be performed to verify that the armor system p lacement does not damage the geotextile. Any geotextile damaged during backfill placeme nt shall be replaced as directed by the Resident at the Contractor’s expense.
620.09 Method of Measurement The quantity of geotextile will b e measured by the
number of square yards of surface area covered and in direct co ntact with the cover material. Measurement will not be made for overlaps, patches and repairs of damaged geotextile unless additional overlap width is required by the Resident in which case measurement will be made for that added overlap area.
620.10 Basis of Payment Geotextile s will be paid for at the c ontract unit price per
square yard. Such payment shall be full compensation for furni shing and placing geotextile fabric; for all required surface preparation; for all labor, to ols, materials and equipment; for repairing torn and damaged geotextile; and when required, for s ewing seams and for furnishing and placing all pins or stakes or other hold down de vices; for excavation for and furnishing and placing protective aggregate cushion; and for al l other incidentals necessary to complete the work. Payment will be made under: P a y I t e m Pay Unit
620.54 Stabilization/Reinforcement Geotextile S q u a r e Y a r d
620.55 Stabilization/Reinforcement Geotextile (sewn seams) Sq uare Yard
620.56 Drainage Geotextile S q u a r e Y a r d
6-67
620.57 Drainage Geotextile (sewn seams) S q u a r e Y a r d
620.58 Erosion Control Geotextile S q u a r e Y a r d
620.59 Erosion Control Geotextile (sewn seams) S q u a r e Y a r d
620.60 Separation Geotextile S q u a r e Y a r d
620.61 Separation Geotextile (sewn seams) S q u a r e Y a r d
SECTION 621 - LANDSCAPING
621.01 Description This work shall consist of the Contractor furnishing and planting
trees, shrubs, vines, and other plants and shall include all pl anting operations and material as well as the care and replacement of the plants during the Maint enance Period, all in accordance with the specifications, Standard Details, planting plans and schedules and the directions of the Resident. Planting operations will be divided into two classes.
a.Class A Planting will consist of planting into the exis ting soil that has been amended with organic humus, peatmoss, compost, and/or other sta ndard horticultural soil amendments as approved by the Resident.
b.Class B Planting will consists of planting into the exis ting soil without amendments. Unless otherwise specified, all planting shall be Class A. 621.02 Materials - General All non-plant material shall confo rm to the requirements specified in the following Sections of Division 700 - Materials . Fertilizer 717.01 M u l c h 717.04 H u m u s 717.09 Water shall be free from oil, acids, alkalines, salts, or any other substances harmful to plantings.
621.03 Plant Material-All Classes
a.All plants shall conform to the current edition of the "A merican Standard for Nursery Stock" (ANSI Z60.1) unless otherwise indicated in the p lans or specifications.
b.All plants shall be first class representatives of their normal species or varieties, unless otherwise specified. All plants must have a good, healthy, well-formed upper growth and a large, fibrous, compact root system. Plants sheared into stiff or formal shapes will be rejected unless they have outgrown such shearing . Large-growing, deciduous trees shall have straight trunks and a single leader or as may be characteristic of the species. Tops shall be thickly branched, densely foliated, well balanced and in good proportion t o the height of the tree. Trees with weak trunks,
Source: Maine Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2020 Edition. Pages 530–537 of 817.