2215Reclamation

2215.1DESCRIPTION

This Work consists of construction Full depth reclamation (FDR) and/or Stabilized full depth reclamation (SFDR). FDR consists of pulverizing and blending the in-place bituminous pavement with a portion of the underlying Material to produce a uniformly mixed Aggregate base. SFDR consists of pulverizing and blending the in-place bituminous Pavement Structure with a portion of the underlying Material, and mixing it with bituminous Material and/or additional Materials. The process is performed in two steps: an initial pulverization and compaction, and a final pulverization, mixing with additives, and compaction. Pulverized (un-stabilized) Material is produced by grinding the bituminous pavement with a portion of the underlying granular Material. It may also include additional Materials, such as additional rock. Bituminous stabilized Material is pulverized Material that has had a bituminous stabilizing agent (emulsion or foamed asphalt) added to it. It may also include additional Materials , such as cement or additional rock. Bituminous Material for mixture is the liquid bituminous Material added to RAP to produce SFDR.

2215.2MATERIALS

A Materials B SFDR B.1 SFDR Mix Design ...................................................................................... Form G&B-408 B.2 Portland Cement or Blended Hydraulic Cement .......................................... 3101 or 3103

2215.3CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS

A General Refer to Grading and Base Manual for all test procedures, unless otherwise designated. Protect and avoid damaging Structures. Correct and retest failing areas. Remove all reclaimed pavement pieces that would be retained on a three inchS ieve, from the Right-of-way. Process paving fabric encountered during milling operations to less than 5 inches in any dimension. B Contractor Quality Control (QC) Testing Test according to the Schedule of Materials Control. C Department Quality Assurance (QA) Test according to the Schedule of Materials Control. D Equipment D.1 FDR Equipment D.1.a Reclaiming Machine Use a Road reclaiming machine capable of uniformly pulverizing the pavement and the underlying Layer to the specified depth and gradation. D.1.b Rollers Use a Pneumatic-tired roller weighing at least 25 ton or 616 pounds per inch of rolling width. Ensure the tire arrangement allows compaction over the full width of the roller with each pass. Use a pad foot vibratory roller if required in 2215.3E.3, “Placing and Compacting,” weighing at least 25,000 pounds.

D.2 SFDR Equipment D.2.a Reclaiming Machine Use a self-propelled reclaiming machine with the ability to:

specified depth and gradation requirements.

bituminous Material and automatically metering it with a variation of not more than ±0.1 percent by weight. It must be capable of adding an additional 6 percent asphalt by total weight.

± 1/4 inch of the depth shown on the Plans.

adjusting the application of bituminous Material for the width of pulverized Layer. Automatically maintain the designed asphalt content regardless of machine speed, depth of cut, and number of operating nozzles. Provide means for automatically cleaning nozzles and continual observation and measurement by the operator.

accurately foam bituminous Material and uniformly add specified water and provide samples of the foamed bituminous Material through a sampling nozzle. D.2.b Rollers Use a Pneumatic-tired roller meeting the requirements of 2360.3B.2.e(2), “Pneumatic Tired Rollers,” and having a minimum weight of 25 tons. Use a pad foot vibratory roller weighing at least 12.5 ton. Use steel-wheeled rollers equipped with a water spray system meeting the requirements of 2360.3B.2.e(1), “Steel-Wheeled Rollers.” Use a double drum roller when using bituminous stabilizers. Use a single drum roller when using cement only. D.2.c Bituminous Material for Mixture Supply Tankers Tankers must be equipped with a visible thermometer that measures the temperature of the liquid bituminous Material for mixture when foaming. D.2.d Vane Feeder Provide a vane feeder capable of uniformly spreading the cement on the R oad surface before reclaiming when cement is required. E FDR Requirements E.1 Pulverizing Operation Before beginning pulverization, remove vegetation and topsoil adjacent to the surface. Pulverize to meet the gradation requirements of Table 2215.3-1.

Table 2215.3-1 FDR Gradation Requirements Sieve Size Percent Passing 3 inch 99 - 100 2 inch 90 – 100

Blend, add water, spread, compact, and shape pulverized Material by the end of the workday. Correct reclaim sections represented by a failing gradation. E.2 Incorporation of Additional Aggregates Uniformly spread additional Aggregates across the Roadway surface to be reclaimed before incorporating it into the reclaim mixture, if required of the Contract. E.3 Placing and Compacting Uniformly mix reclamation Material before spreading. Spread and compact the reclamation Material to the profile and cross-section shown on the Plans before placing the next Layer. Compact when the moisture content is 3 to 7 percent by dry weight. For Lifts 3 inches or less, place and compact reclamation Materials using a Pneumatic- tired roller in compliance with 2215.3D “Equipment.” For lifts 3 inches to 6 inches, compact using both a Pneumatic-tired and pad foot vibratory rollers in compliance with 2215.3D, “Equipment.” Place and compact Materials in maximum 6-inch Lifts. The Contractor may use excess reclamation Material from other locations on the Project to attain the profile or cross-section as shown on the Plans. Compact the full thickness to achieve a penetration index value of 10 millimeters and a seating value of 40 millimeters as measured by the Department standard Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) method, as determined by Form G&B-205. Place and compact to support traffic, while allowing no greater than 1/2 inch of surface displacement, when measured using a straightedge. Construct the Layer to ±0.05 feet of the profile and cross-section as required by the Contract in accordance with 2112, “Subgrade Preparation.” E.4 Workmanship, Quality, Repair and Maintenance The Engineer will provide staking to reestablish the centerline, when Contractor -staking is not required by the Contract. Maintain the compaction, quality, integrity, and properties of the Aggregate Material in each Lift until the next Lift or Layer is placed. Repair ruts, potholes, wash-boarding, and other distortions by scarifying to a depth of 2 inches below the deepest distortion and recompact.

F SFDR Requirements F.1 Pulverization Pulverize (grind) and uniformly blend the in-place bituminous pavement with the underlying granular base to the gradation requirements of Table 2215.3-2. Table 2215.3-2 SFDR Gradation Requirements Unstabilized Portion Sieve Size Percent Passing 3 inch 100 2 inch 90 – 100 Stabilized Portion Sieve Size Percent Passing 1.5 inch 98 – 100

If required of the Contract, uniformly spread additional Material across the Roadway surface to be reclaimed before incorporating it into the reclaim mixture. Correct reclaim sections that do not comply with gradation requirements by repulverizing. F.2 Spreading & Compaction of the Unstabilized Material Spread, shape, and compact the pulverized Material to the profile and cross-section shown on the Plans. Compact when the moisture content is 3 to 7 percent by dry weight. Place and compact pulverized (un-stabilized) Materials in maximum 6-inch Lifts. Compact the initial pulverized Layer to a maximum penetration index value of 10 millimeters as measured by the Department standard Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) method. Blend, add water, spread, compact, and shape pulverized Material by the end of each workday, and before any significant rainfall event occurs. F.3 Spreading Cement Spread cement using a vane feeder in a manner that minimizes dusting, i.e. do not spread when the wind is strong enough to coat vehicles and/or the surrounding environment. Control the cement content to within ± 0.5 pounds per square yard, of the mix design target. Start mixing operations, no longer than 1/2 hour after spreading cement. F.4 Mixing/Injecting Produce the SFDR Layer by mixing and injecting the liquid bituminous Material into the pulverized pavement. Stabilize when: the atmospheric temperature is 50°F and rising when using emulsions or foamed bituminous, or 40°F and rising when using cement only; it is not foggy or rainy; and freezing temperatures are not predicted within 48 hours after placement of SF DR. Atmospheric temperature and predicted weather requirements are determined by the Engineer .

Incorporate the bituminous Material for mixture at the rate designated on the mix design. However, after consultation with the Contractor, the Engineer may direct the Contractor to vary the application rate of bituminous Material for mixture compared to the mix requirements for areas of pulverized bituminous which the Engineer believes are either too rich or too lean. Use a minimum 6-inch overlap between passes of the reclaimer. Demonstrate that the asphalt stabilizing agent is uniformly blended into the in- place recycled pavement. If the first mixing fails to produce a uniform product, remix until it is uniform. If using foamed asphalt, maintain bituminous Material within ±10°F of the optimum temperature recommended by the mix design (note that bituminous must also meet expansion ratio and half-life foaming tests). If the supplier does not provide a recommendation, maintain the foamed asphalt temperature between 305°F and 325°F. F.5 Compaction of Bituminous Stabilized Material Complete the initial compaction (i.e. a pad foot compactor “walks out”) of the bituminous stabilized Material before shaping. F.6 Shaping and Compacting of Bituminous Stabilized Material Remove any remaining pad foot marks and spread the Material. Place and compact the Material to within ±0.05 feet of the profile and so that the cross-section has no variations greater than 1/2 inch within 10 feet. Complete final shaping and compaction within 2 hours of bituminous Material injection. Within 48 hours of SFDR, recompact areas represented by density measurements below 97 percent of the target density determined from the control strip and roll until ≥97 percent density is achieved. However, do not over-roll to the point where checking of the surface occurs, also note that some areas may not achieve 97 percent density due to field conditions. F.7 Control Strip Use a control strip to establish a rolling pattern. The control strip should represent a homogenous Roadway section, have a minimum area of 400 square yards and remain in-place and become a part of the completed Work. Use the following to establish a rolling pattern after initial breakdown is complete and until a new control strip is required:

device (ASTM D2950, Standard Test Method for Density of Bituminous Concrete in Place by Nuclear Methods, in back-scatter mode) to determine a wet density at each point after each finish (steel) roller pass

is defined as the average of two readings offset 180 degrees

appreciable increase in density; provide documentation of the growth curve and maximum target density to the Engineer; use this for QA/QC process

the control strip for that roller

cracking or checking occurs

Establish a new rolling pattern by performing a new control strip when there are changes in the mixture that cause the original control strip to no longer be representative; changes may include: in-place Materials variation, including sections with varying thickness, construction history, etc.; if vehicles leave indents in the compacted surface; changes in RAP gradation; 97 percent of target density is not achieved on two consecutive density tests; and changes in the application rate of bituminous Material for mixture, greater than 0.2 percent for foaming or 0.3 percent for emulsion. F.8 Workmanship, Quality, Repair and Maintenance Maintain the compaction, quality, integrity, the profile and cross -section to within the criteria of 2215.3F.6, “Shaping and Compacting of Bituminous Stabilized Material” and properties of the SFDR Layer during the curing period until the placement of the next L ayer. The Engineer will provide staking to reestablish the centerline, when Contractor -staking is not required by the Contract. Repair ruts, potholes, washboarding, and other distortions. F.9 Fog Seal If directed by the Engineer, apply a CSS-1h bituminous fog seal per 2355, “Bituminous Fog Seal” at a rate of 0.08 – 0.16 gallons per square yard. F.10 Bituminous Immediately before placement of the bituminous Layer, clean the SFDR surface and remove loose Aggregate. Place bituminous:

at any location, has been injected and compacted (note that the 14 Calendar day requirement may be extended with concurrence of the Engineer, if large rainfall events hinder the curing of the SFDR).

meets Quality Compaction per 2106.3G.2, “Quality Compaction.”

compaction requirements.

damage the new asphalt.

2215.4METHOD OF MEASUREMENT

Measure the Full depth reclamation by the square yard. Measure the Stabilized full depth reclamation by the square yard. Measure the Bituminous Material for mixture by the ton. Measure Cement by the ton. Measure additional Aggregates by the ton. Measure the bituminous Material for fog seal in accordance with 2355, “Bituminous Fog Seal.”

2215.5BASIS OF PAYMENT

The Contract Unit Prices for reclamation includes the cost of production, testing, placement, occasional variations in the bituminous pavement thickness, removing vegetation and topsoil adjacent to the surface, repair to Structures damaged by Contractor’s operations or negligence, and necessary maintenance. The Department will pay for the correction of unstable areas through no fault of the Contractor’s operations, if directed by the Engineer, as Extra Work in accordance with 1402, “Contract Revisions.” The Department will pay for bituminous Material for fog seal in accordance with 2355, “Bituminous Fog Seal.” The Department will pay for reclamation on the basis of the following schedule: Item No. Item Unit

2215.504 Full Depth Reclamation square yard

4 Stabilized Full Depth Reclamation square yard

7 Haul Full Depth Reclamation (LV) cubic yard

9 Bituminous Material for Mixture ton

9 Cement ton

9 Aggregate Base ton