607Fences and Cattle Guards

607.01 Description. This work consists of furnishing materials and constructing fences,

gates, and cattle guards in accordance with the plans and these specifications and in reasonably close conformity with the lines and grades indicated on the plans or established. Fencing shall include satisfactory connections with all intersecting fences, bridges, and culvert headwalls. This work also consists of fencing designed and constructed primarily as screening or glare barrier. In this case certain modifications or amendments to these specifications shall be made as shown on the plans or in the proposal; otherwise, the requirements of these specifications shall be applicable.

607.02 Materials.

607.02.1 Type "A" Fence. Materials for Type "A" fence shall meet the requirements of

the following subsections: Woven Wire (Hog Wire) .................................................................................. 712.03 Barbed Wire ..................................................................................................... 712.02 Staples .............................................................................................................. 712.15 Tension Wire ................................................................................................. 712.04.3 Tie Wire ........................................................................................................ 712.04.2

607.02.2 Chain Link Fence. Materials for chain link fence shall meet the requirements

of Subsection 712.04.

607.02.3 Posts and Lumber. The size of posts and lumber shall be as designated on the

plans. Unless otherwise specified, concrete posts for Type "A" fence shall be used in interchange areas. In other areas, either wood or concrete posts for Type "A" fence may be used, provided the same type is used throughout the project. Posts shall meet the requirements of Subsection 712.05 for the type specified or permitted.

607.02.4 Gates. Gates shall meet the requirements of Subsection 712.12 for the type

specified.

607.02.5 Concrete for Anchors and Footings. Concrete for anchors and footings shall

be Class "C" conforming to the requirements of Section 804, except that the requirements for size and gradation of aggregate may be modified, and small, one-half cubic yard or less, batches may be mixed by approved hand methods.

607.02.6 Cattle Guards. Materials for cattle guards will be specified on the plans and in

the contract documents.

607.03 Construction Requirements.

607.03.1 General. The Contractor shall perform the clearing and grubbing necessary to

construct the fence to the required grade and alignment. Clearing and grubbing shall be in accordance with Section 201. A herbicide shall be used for sprout control of cut stumps. Paint or spray freshly cut stump surface thoroughly covering cambium area next to bark until the herbicide runs down around the root collar. Treat stump as soon as practical after cutting for more effective control but no later than day of cutting except when spraying must be postponed due to inclement weather. Pine stumps and all other stumps larger than 15 inches in diameter do not require spraying for control of sprouting. Permissible herbicides are 2,4-D (amine); picloram +2,4-D; ammonium sulfamate; and dicamba. Specific requirements such as mixing, diluting, rate, application, use restrictions, safety precautions, etc. will be in accordance with the manufactures printed container label. Re-spraying will be required when the herbicide is washed off by rain within eight hours of application or diluted to such an extent that it is rendered ineffective. At locations where breaks in a run of fencing are required, or at intersections with existing fences, appropriate adjustment in post sp acing shall be made to conform to the requirements for the type of closure indicated. All posts shall be set plumb and to the requir ed grade and alignment. Cutting of the tops of the posts will be allowed only with the approval of the Engineer and under the conditions specified by him. Wire or fencing shall be stretched taut and firmly attached to posts and braces by the method indicated on the plans. All wire shall be installed to the required elevations. At each location where an electric transmission, distribution, or secondary line crosses the fence, the fence shall be grounded by a copper-coated steel rod at least eight feet long and at least 1/2 inch in diameter. The rod shall be installed directly below the point of crossing and driven vertically until the top is six inches below the ground surface. A No. 6 solid copper conductor or equivalent shall be used to connect each fence element to the grounding rod. The connections shall be ei ther brazed or fastened with approved non- corrosive clamps. When a power line runs parallel or nearly parallel to the fence, the fence shall be grounded at each end or gate post or at intervals not to exceed 1,500 feet. Fences shall generally follow the contour of the ground, with the bottom of fence fabric not less than one inch or more than six inches from the ground surface. Grading shall be performed where necessary to provide a neat appearance. Where abrupt changes in the ground profile in low areas make it impractical to maintain the ground clearance shown on the plans, longer posts may be used and multiple strands of barbed wire stretched thereon. The vertical clearance between strands of barbed wire shall be as shown on the plans. On tangent sections fabric or wire shall be placed on faces of posts opposite the highway, and on curve sections on the faces of posts opposite the center of curvature.

607.03.2 Concrete and Timber Posts.

607.03.2 1--General. Post holes shall be of sufficient diameter to allow proper compaction

of backfill. The backfill shall be made with the best soil available and shall be thoroughly tamped until the post is firm and rigid in position. Round wood posts shall be set with the large end down and shall be plumbed to within a tolerance of 1/4 inch per foot in height. The top shall be set to within 1/2 inch of the specified alignment on the side on which the wire is to be attached. Concrete and square wood posts shall be set plumb and to within 1/2 inch of the specified alignment on the side to which the wire is to be attached. Fence posts not specified to be set in concrete may be erected by driving, drilling, or combination, when after demonstration at the project site the Engineer approves the results as being equal to or better than what can be obtained by erecting in dug holes and backfilling. The use of mechanical driving equipment shall not require removal of more desirable trees or more grading than is required for dug holes.

607.03.2 2--Line Posts. When specified or directed, line posts at the low point of a grade

or in depressions where the pull on the fence tends to lift the post shall be anchored in concrete.

607.03.2 3--Brace Bays. When the distance between end, gate, or corner posts exceeds

500 feet on tangent fences and 250 feet on curved fences, brace bays shall be erected.

607.03.2 4--Concrete Anchors. The surface of concrete anchors shall be shaped to drain

away from the post. Anchors shall be covered with suitable earth and allowed to cure five days before installation of wire or fabric.

607.03.3 Metal Posts and Concrete Footings. Unless otherwise specified or permitted,

holes for concrete footings shall be wetted sufficiently to prevent absorption of moisture from concrete. The concrete shall be finished above the ground to shed water and covered with four inches of loose earth. The footings shall be allowed to cure for seven days before erection of fabric. When the ground is not firm, side forms will be required. Forms may be removed within 24 hours. Immediately after stripping the forms, moistened earth shall be tamped solidly around the footing, and four inches of loose earth shall be placed over the footing. The distance between end, corner, intermediate brace, or gate posts shall not exceed 1,000 feet, and each such post shall be braced and trussed to the adjacent line posts. If specified, metal posts shall be erected without concrete footings. In this case, posts shall be driven plumb to within 1/2 inch of the specified alignment by means of an approved post driver. Posts that are bent or otherwise damaged shall be removed and replaced.

607.03.4 Installing Wire.

607.03.4 1--Woven Wire Fabric. Stretching shall be with an approved stretcher that will

produce approximately equal tension in each line wire. The fabric shall be stretched until the tension is just below the point of produc ing displacement in the tension crimps. At each end, corner, or gate post, each strand of line wire shall be wrapped around the post and securely fastened by winding the free end around the wire near the post. Splicing shall be accomplished by the use of either a wrapped splice or a corrosion resistant, compressed sleeve type splice meeting the approval of the Engineer. When a wrapped splice is used, the vertical wires adjacent to each end shal l be brought together and the end of each horizontal wire wrapped with at least six complete turns around the other corresponding horizontal wire.

607.03.4 2--Barbed Wire. Either a wrapped splice or the compressed sleeve type splice

described above may be used for barbed wire. When the wrapped splice is used, each end shall be wrapped with at least six complete turns around the other wire.

607.03.4 3--Chain Link Fabric . Continuous mesh shall be afforded by weaving and

fastening rolls of fabric together with a single wire strand of the size and type in the fabric.

607.03.5 Gates. Posts and footings or anchorages shall be installed in the manner

prescribed for the post type used. When the type latching device so requires, a concrete "keeper" or footing, minimum 12 x 12 x 15 inches of the type necessary to seat the drop-bar firmly, shall be constructed.

607.03.6 Finished Fence. The tops of all posts shall be at a uniform grade and at a

uniform distance above the top wire. All surplus excavated material and debris resulting from construction shall be disposed of as directed and the fence left in a neat and orderly condition.

607.03.7 Cattle Guards. Construction details for cattle guards will be set out in the

contract documents.

607.04 Method of Measurement. Type "A" woven wire fence, of the height specified,

will be measured by the linear foot of completed fence which includes woven wire, barbed wire, and other appurtenances shown on the plans. Measurement will be made along the bottom of the woven wire fabric, and openings will be excluded from the measurement. Chain link fence, of the height specified, will be measured by the linear foot of completed fence. Measurements will be made along the bottom of the chain link fabric, and openings will be excluded. Barbed wire fence of the number of strands specified will be measured by the linear foot of completed fence. Measurements will be made along the completed fence, and openings will be excluded. Single strand barbed wire indicated for separate payment will be measured by the linear foot. Gates will be measured by the unit. Posts, including tops and footings of metal posts, will be measured by the unit. Concrete anchors for use with timber or concrete posts will be measured by the unit. Pickets will be measured by the linear feet of completed fence containing pickets. Lattice will be measured by the linear feet of completed fence containing lattice. Cattle guards will be measured per each. Excavation and backfill for footings, anchorages, and cattle guards; stretcher bars; top rails; post tops; barbed wire integral to specified fences; bottom tension wires or rails; tie wires; tension wires; truss rods with turnbuckles; connectors; bands; compression braces; hinges; latching devices; hardware; reflectors; paint; painting; and other accessories and incidentals necessary to complete the work will not be measured for separate payment. Required clearing and grubbing and grading will not be measured for separate payment unless so indicated on the plans.

607.05 Basis of Payment. Fencing items will be paid for at the contract unit prices for

the respective items, which shall be full compensation for completing the work. Payment will be made under: 607-A: ___” Type "A" Woven Wire Fence - per linear foot 607-B: ___” Type ___ Chain Link Fence * - per linear foot 607-C: ___” Type ___ Chain Link Fence, Glare Barrier / Screening - per linear foot 607-D: Barbed Wire Fence, No. Strands & Materials - per linear foot 607-E: Barbed Wire, Single Strand - per linear foot 607-G: Gate, Size & Type * - per each 607-H: Pickets, Height, Size and Material - per linear foot 607-L: Lattice, Height, Size, Material, etc. - per linear foot 607-P1: Line Posts, Length, Size & Material - per each 607-P2: Brace Posts, Length, Size & Material - per each 607-P3: Gate Posts, Length, Size & Material - per each 607-W: Cattle Guards - per each 607-Z: Concrete Anchors - per each * Indicate when arms with barbed wire is required