Section 707 Section 707 Minimum Maximum Test Method Composition Bitumen / Petroleum Plastic Content 50 70 ASTM D 4 Ash-Inert Mineral Matter 30 50 AASHTO T 111 Volatile Matter -- 2.0 ASTM D 6 Property Specific Gravity at 77 F 1.20 1.35 ASTM D 71 *Ductility at 77 F (cm) 5.0 -- ASTM D 113 *Softening Point 320 F -- ASTM D 36 *Penetration 77 F, 150 g, 5 sec. 50 120 ASTM D 217 * Due to the nature of the material, each sample to be tested must be manually kneaded, in lieu of heating and pouring, into the testing containers. The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer thre e copies of the manufacturer's certificate, stating that the flexible plastic gasket meets all the requirements of the specifications and has the properties and characteristics herein specified.
707.07 Neoprene Expansion Joints .
707.07.1 General . Neoprene expansion joints shall consist of an integrally molded unit
of neoprene and bonded metal components or neoprene extrusions bonded to steel extrusions so arranged as to provide for the expansion and contraction movements of the bridge deck.
707.07.2 Material Requirements . Materials used in the manufacture of the expansion
joints shall meet the following requirements: Neoprene shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 297. Steel plates bonded in the joints and steel extrusions shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A 36. Aluminum plates used in the manufacture of the expansion joints shall conform to the requirements of ASTM B 209, Alloy 6061-T6. Anchor bolts or studs shall be of a weldab le alloy if arc welding is used, and shall conform to the strength requirements of ASTM A 307, Grade A Low Carbon Steel Fasteners.
707.07.3 Certification of Materials . The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer three
copies of the manufacturer's certificate, sta ting that the expansion joint and each component material meets all the requirements of the specifications and have the properties and characteristics herein specified. SECTION 708 - NON-METAL STRUCTURES AND CATTLEPASSES
708.01 General . The structures covered in these specifications are for use as pipe
culverts, precast box culverts, cattlepasses, sidedrains, sewers, underdrains, and downspouts.
708.02 Concrete Pipe . Unless otherwise specified, pipe and tile shall conform to the
requirements hereinafter set forth. When more than 20% of the pipe in a lot is rejected, the entire lot of pipe will be rejected. When elliptical reinforcing is used, lift holes shall be cast in the top and "Top" or "Bottom" shall be clearly inscribed or stenciled on the in side of the pipe to indicate the proper position when laid. When it is found that the position for laying is not marked, or is marked improperly, the entire lot of such pipe will be rejected. When rubber gasket joints are permitted or specified, the pipe joints shall be so constructed as to accommodate this type of jointing.
708.02.1 Materials for Use in Concrete Pipe .
708.02.1 1--Cement . Portland cement Types I, II or III, or blended hydraulic cement, shall
conform to the requirements set out in Section 701.
708.02.1 2--Fly Ash . Fly ash conforming to the requirements of Subsection 714.05 may
be used to replace hydraulic cement on a one to one replacement rate but not to exceed 25% by weight of the hydraulic cement. 708.02.1.3--Fine Aggregate . Fine aggregate shall consist of natural sand and shall conform to the requirements set out in Subsection 703.02, except that the requirements for gradation are not applicable.
708.02.1 4--Coarse Aggregate . Coarse aggregate shall consist of gravel or crushed
limestone conforming to the requirements of Subsection 703.03, except that the requirements for gradation are not applicable.
708.02.1 5--Water . The water shall conform to the requirements set out in Subsection
714.01.2 708.02.1.6--Reinforcement . Reinforcement shall consist of wire conforming to the
applicable requirements of Subsection 711.02. 708.02.2--Manufacture - General . Circular pipe of 54-inch diameter and smaller shall be machine made. Other pipe may be either machine made or wet cast. All sizes of concrete pipe may be furnished with either bell and spigot or tongue and groove, provided that the minimum thickness of concrete on the groove end is at least 1¼ inches. This measurement for thickness will be made at a point 3/8 inch from the outer end of the groove. When no particular length is specified, the pipe shall be manufactured in standard lengths of at least 2½ feet and not more than eight feet. The pipe shall be constructed in such a manner and of such design that the joint will meet the same requirements for strength stipulated for the pipe.
708.02.3 Exceptions to AASHTO Standard Specifications .
708.02.3 1--Liquid Membrane Curing Compound . Liquid membrane curing compound
will not be permitted.
708.02.3 2--Marking . Required markings shall be placed on the inside wall of the pipe.
Machine made pipe shall be marked in accordance with one of the following methods: 1) the pipe shall be inscribed on the outside of the pipe and stenciled on the inside of the pipe, or 2) the pipe shall be inscribed on the inside of the pipe only. All other pipe may be stenciled. The specification designation for reinforced pipe may be excluded from the required markings.
708.02.3 3--Basis of Acceptance . All pipe will be tested under Option I, three-edge
bearing test, or Option II, cylinder test, as set forth in Department SOP. Pipe having a diameter of 30 inches or less will be tested under Option I. Pipe larger than 30 inches in diameter will be tested under Option I or II. The pipe producer shall advise the Testing Engineer in writing of the option chosen for testing of the pipe. The option chosen will remain in effect until rescinded in writing. Flared end sections and cattlepasses will be tested under Option II unless otherwise authorized by the Testing Engineer. The specified D-load and compressive strength shall be considered as minimum and allowable failures will not apply. Normally, neither the absorption test nor the ultimate load will be required.
708.02.3 4--Rejection . All pipes shall be subject to rejection for nonconformance to the
specifications. Individual sections of pipe may be rejected for one or more of the following:
a.Visible fractures or cracks, except for a si ngle end crack that does not exceed the depth of the joint.
b.Defects that indicate imperfect proportioning, mixing, and molding.
c.Surface defects indicating hone y-combed or open texture.
d.Damaged or cracked ends that prevent a satisfactory joint.
e.Defects indicating incorrect pos itioning of reinforcing steel.
708.02.3 5--Repairs . Repairs will not be permitted in the barrel of the pipe. Repairs may
be made on the ends, tongue and groove or bell and spigot, with an approved commercial concrete patching compound used according to manufacturer's recommendations and properly cured.
708.02.3 6--Tongue and Groove . The thickness of the tongue shall not vary more than
1/4 inch or five percent of the wall thickness, whichever is greater, when measured at the outer edge. The thickness of the groove shall not vary more than 1/4 inch or five percent of the wall thickness, whichever is greater, when measured at a point 3/8 inch from the outer end of the groove. The depth of the groove shall not vary more than 1/4 inch from the length of the tongue.
708.02.3 7--Lift Holes . Lift holes may be formed, punched, or drilled in plastic concrete.
Lift holes may be placed in cured pipe only by drilling with a diamond core-drill bit.
708.02.4 Non-reinforced Concrete Pipe . In addition to the applicable requirements of
Subsection 708.02, non-reinforced concrete pipe shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 86 for the class specified. Testing sh all be in accordance with AASHTO T 280.
708.02.5 Reinforced Concrete Pipe . All reinforced concrete pipe except Class V pipe
with diameters of 54 inches and larger shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 170 as modified by Subsection 708.02. Class V pipe with diameters of 54 inches and larger shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 170 or M 242 as modified by Subsection 708.02 and herein. Circular reinforced concrete pipe with S-stirrup reinforcement shall be in accordance with Figure 1 and the following requirements. The wall thickness, amount of circular reinforcement, S-stirrup system and concrete strength shall comply with those set out in Table 1 herein. The spacing center to center of adjacent inner rings of circumferentia l reinforcement in a cage shall not exceed 4 inches for pipe up to and including pipe having a 4-inch wall thickness nor exceed 5½ inches for 54 inch pipe and 6 inches for all other pipe sizes. Each line of S-stirrups shall have a continuous S shape extending longitudinally from end to end of the pipe. They shall extend from the inner cage toward the outer surface of the pipe for a distance not less than the minimum amplitude. S-stirrups shall pass around and be in contract with each inside circumferential member of the inner cage. Each line of S-stirrups shall lie essentially in a plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the pipe. Where more than one length of stirrup mate rial is used per line, a lap around one circumferential member of the inner cage shall be made. The ends of "S" shaped stirrups at splices shall include an outer bend. Not more than three lengths of S material may be used in a line, and the mini mum length of a section of S-stirrups shall be 30 inches. All designs in Table 1 are accepted designs with noted 0.01 inch crack and ultimate D-load. Additional Markings. After the capital letter "D" designating the D-load, the design wall thickness shall be shown in inches expre ssed as a decimal. Pipe with "S" stirrups shall have the symbol S. Pipe requiring axis orientation without lift holes, i.e. stirrup pipe or quadrant reinforced pipe, shall have the center line of the crown of the pipe marked inside and outside with the symbol TB. Pipe with quadrant steel shall be marked with the symbol Q. Pipe with deformed wire reinforcement required in the design shall have the symbol DF. Figure 1 Illustrative Example of S-Stirrup Suppor t System for 0.01-inch Crack D-load 3,000 102-inch Diameter Pipe, Minimum Area Per Support 0.053 Square Inch., 11 Lines Spaced @ 5 1/8 inches. For Other Classes and Sizes, See Table. TABLE 1 0.01 Inch Crack D-Load 3,000 Ultimate Strength D-Load 3,750 Internal Diamete r of Pipe Wall Thick-nessCircular Reinforcement in Circular Pipe “S” Stirrups inches inches Inner Cage square inches per foot of pipe Outer Cage square inches per foot of pipe Minimum Area Per Support Element square inches Number of Lines* Longitudinal Spacing inches Circumferential Spacing on Inner Cage inches Minimum Amplitude** of Stirrups, inches Concrete Strength 5,000 Psi 54 5½ 0.64 0.48 0.029 15 2 2 1/8 2 5/8 60 6 0.70 0.53 0.029 14 2 2 5/8 3 1/8 66 6½ 0.79 0.59 0.029 13 2 3 1/8 3 5/8 72 7 0.87 0.66 0.029 12 2 3 5/8 4 1/8 78 7½ 0.92 0.69 0.031 11 2 4 1/8 4 5/8 84 8 0.99 0.74 0.034 11 2 4 5/8 5 1/8 90 8 1.13 0.85 0.041 11 2 4 5/8 5 1/8 96 8½ 1.20 0.90 0.045 11 2 5 1/8 5 5/8 102 8½ 1.34 1.00 0.053 11 2 5 1/8 5 5/8 108 9 1.51 1.13 0.063 11 2 5 5/8 6 1/8 114 9½ 1.51 1.13 0.064 11 2 6 1/8 6 5/8 120 10 1.62 1.21 0.068 11 2 6 1/2 7 1/8 126 10½ 1.73 1.30 0.072 11 2 6 7/8 7 5/8 132 11 1.84 1.38 0.076 11 2 7 1/4 8 1/8 144 12 2.09 1.57 0.085 11 2 8 9 1/8 * Number of lines in the table indicates the number of longitudinal lines required in each top and bottom portion of the pipe. The area of each support element in a pipe is 2 times the cross-sectional ar ea of the “S” stirrups wire used. There shall be an equal number of these lines of “S” stirrups on either side of the mid-point of both the top and bottom of the pipe. See Fig. 1. ** The amplitude is the overall width of the line of stirrups. A A Top Mid-point 5 1/8" Circumferential Spacing Between S - Stirrups @ the Inner Ca ge5 5/8" Minimum Amplitude Bottom Mid-point2" Longitudinal Spacing on Inside Edge Section A-A Outside Ca ge Members 5 5/8" Min. Amplitude S - StirrupLap Inside Cage Members Enlarged Section Of Wall
708.03 Concrete Cattlepasses . Concrete cattlepasses shall conform to the plans, the
applicable requirements of Subsection 708.02, and the following:
a.The requirements as to manufacture, mate rials, and curing shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 170.
b.The compressive strength of the concrete shall be at least 4,000 psi at 28 days.
708.04 Reinforced Concrete Flared-End Section . Reinforced concrete flared-end
sections shall conform to the plans, the applicable requirements of Subsection 708.02 and the following:
a.The requirements as to manufact urer, materials, and curing shall be the same as for the connecting pipe.
b.The compressive strength of the concrete shall be at least 3,000 psi at 28 days.
708.05 Perforated Concrete Pipe . Perforated concrete pipe shall conform to the
requirements of Subsection 708.02.4 and AASHTO M 175.
708.06 Concrete Drain Tile . Standard drain tile or extra quality drain tile shall conform
to the applicable requirements of AASHTO M 178.
708.07 Porous Concrete Pipe for Underdrains. Porous concrete pipe for underdrains shall conform to the requir ements of AA SHTO M 176.
708.08 Blank.
708.09 Blank.
708.10 Blank.
708.11 Blank.
708.12 Blank.
708.13 Blank.
708.14 Reinforced Concrete Arch Pipe . Reinforced concrete arch pipe shall meet the
requirements of AASHTO M 206. Horizontal elliptical pipe may be furnished in lieu of arch pipe.
708.15 Reinforced Concrete Elliptical Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe . This
pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 207.
708.16 Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets .
The joints shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 198.
708.17 Corrugated Plastic Pipe Culverts.
708.17.1 Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Culverts . Corrugated polyethylene pipe shall
conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 294, Type S and/or SP, as applicable, and shall have soil tight joints, unless otherwise specified. The Contractor shall furnish to the Engineer three copies of the manufacturer's certified test reports and certification covering each sh ipment of pipe stating the amount furnished and that the pipe, fittings, couplings, etc. comply with the requirements of the specifications.
708.17.1 1--Inspection and Final Acceptance of Corruga ted Polyethylene Pipe
Culverts. Approximately 50% of the installed length of corrugated polyethylene pipe shall be inspected for excess deflection no sooner than 30 days after the embankment material over the pipe is placed to the required su bgrade elevation or the maximum required fill height. The inspection shall be performed usin g either electronic defl ectometers, calibrated television or video cameras, or a “go, no-go” ma ndrel that has an eff ective diameter of 95% of the nominal inside diameter of the pipe. Pipe found to have de flection values greater than 5% sh all be removed and replaced at no cost to the State.
708.17.2 Corrugated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe Culverts. Corrugated poly
(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pipe shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 304 and shall have soil tight joints, unless otherwise specified. Non-perforated PVC pipe used in underdrains shall either be manufactured with an ultra-violet light inhibitor or be fully coated with an ultra-violet light inhibitor.
708.17.2 1--Inspection and Fi nal Acceptance of Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe
Culverts. Approximately 50% of the installed length of PVC pipe shall be inspected for excess deflection no sooner than 30 days after the embankment material over the pipe is placed to the required subgrade elevation or the maximum required fill height. The inspection shall be performed using electronic deflectometers, calibrated television or video cameras, or a “go, no-go” mandrel that has an effective diameter of 95% of the nominal inside diameter of the pipe. Pipe found to have de flection values greater than 5% sh all be removed and replaced at no cost to the State.
708.18 Sewer Pipe Used for Underdrains .
708.18.1 General . Pipe less than four inches in diameter shall conform to commercial
grade PVC water pipe. Perforations, when required, shall be circular and conform to the re quirements of AASHTO M 278. In lieu of the pipe listed in this subsection, pipe meeting the requirements of Subsection
708.19 may also be used for plastic underdrain pipe.
708.18.2 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sewer Pipe . This pipe and fittings
used for underdrains shall meet the requirements of ASTM D 2751 for the pipe SDR number specified.
708.18.3 Type PSM Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe . This pipe and fittings
used for underdrains shall meet the requirements of ASTM D 3034 for the pipe SDR number specified. Non-perforated PVC pipe shall either be manufactured with an ultra- violet light inhibitor or be fully coated with an ultra-violet light inhibitor.
708.18.4 Poly (Vinyl Chloride ) (PVC) Corrugated Sewer Pipe . This pipe shall
conform to the following requirements.
a.For pipe sizes less than or equal to six inches (<6”), the pipe shall be Class PS46 meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 278.
b.For pipe sizes greater than six inches (> 6”), the pipe shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 304.
c.Non-perforated PVC pipe shall either be manufactured with an ultra-violet light inhibitor or be fully coated with an ultra-violet light inhibitor.
708.19 Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe . This pipe shall be high density polyethylene pipe
or drainage tubing meeting the requirements of AASHTO M 294, Type S or SP, or AASHTO M 252, Type S or Type SP, as applicable.
708.20 Perforated Semicircular Plastic Pipe for Underdrains .
708.20.1 General . Semicircular plastic subdrain pipe is intended for direct burial and
shall be extruded from thermoplastic materials as specified below. Unless otherwise specified, the pipe shall be supplied in 20-foot lengths. The pipe shall have an expanded bell on one end for direct coupling, or separate couplings shall be supplied. The pipe sections shall be joined by a friction fit. The pipe fittings, including straight couplings, end caps, tees, right laterals, left laterals, 45 elbows, and 90 elbows, shall be molded from th ermoplastic materials as specified below. Fabricated fittings shall be made of the same material as the pipe sections.
708.20.2 Pipe Sections and Fabricated Fittings . The pipe sections and fabricated
fittings shall be made from virgin poly vinyl chloride (PVC). PVC re sins shall conform to ASTM D 1784, Class 12454-B. Virgin resin is defined as resin that contains not more than 10 percent regrind material and has not previously been used to make another product.
708.20.3 Molded Fittings . Molded fittings shall be made from virgin high density
polyethylene (HDPE) conforming to ASTM D 1248, Type III, Class B, Category 3, with the addition of a minimum of 0.25% carbon black.
708.20.4 Workmanship . The plastic pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous throughout
and free of visible surface flaking, chips or cr acks. The semicircular trough interior shall be smooth and free from obstructions. The products shall be as uniform as commercially practicable in respect to color, opacity, density and other physical properties.
708.20.5 Dimensions . The minimum wall thickness of the pipe at any point shall be 0.125
inch, protective lip excluded. Sufficient additional wall thickness shall be supplied at perforated areas to maintain an effective wall strength equal to 0.125 inch thick non-perforated wall. The protective lip shall extend a minimum of 0.500 inch from the pipe at an angle of approximately 30°. The nominal inside radius of the semicircular trough shall be 2 5/16 inch, providing a minimum cross-sectional flow area of 8.3 square inch below the water entry level. Total water intake area shall be 3.5 square inch per linear foot. All measurements shall be taken at 72 ±5 F.
708.20.6 Load Deformation . At a deflection of 0.2 inch, the minimum pipe stiffness,
Fy, shall be 100 psi when tested in accorda nce with ASTM D 2412, except that specimens shall be conditioned a minimum of 12 hours at approximately 72 F.
708.20.7 Impact Resistance . Impact resistance of the plastic pipe and fittings shall be as
follows when tested in accordance with ASTM D 2444, except that specimens for routine inspection shall be conditioned for a mini mum of one hour at approximately 72 F or two hours at approximately 32 F. Using a 20-pound Tup B, the plastic pipe and fittings shall be capable of withstanding 125 foot-pounds at 72 F and 62 foot-pounds at 32 F.
708.20.8 Hydrocarbon Resistance . The plastic pipe and fittings shall meet the load
deformation requirements specified above after being immersed for seven days in normal heptane as specified in ASTM D 543.
708.20.9 Product Marking . Each section of pipe and each fitting shall be clearly marked
on the exterior surface to show the manufacturer 's name or trademark and the material from which it is made, PVC or HDPE. Product marking shall be permanent and legible in characters at least 3/8 inch high.
708.20.10 Packing and Storage . All pipe sections and fittings shall be so stored prior to
shipment that they do not warp, deteriorate or suffer dimensional distortion. All pipe sections shall be banded or palletized so as to protect them during shipment, handling and subsequent storage. Fittings shall be banded together or packed in suitable containers.
708.21 Blank .
708.22 Precast Concrete Box Culvert .
708.22.1 General . Precast concrete box culverts sh all conform to the design and
dimensions shown on the plans, and the materials and manufacture of box sections shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 259 or M 273, as applicable, with the following exceptions:
a.Cement shall meet the requ irements of Section 701.
b.Aggregates shall meet the requirements of Subsections 703.02 and 703.03, except that gradation will not apply.
c.Admixtures and blends may be used with the approval of the Engineer.
d.Reinforcement shall meet the requ irements of Subsection 711.02.3.
e.Water shall meet the requirem ents of Subsection 714.01.
f.Each line of box section should be manufactured by one producer's plant.
g.The slab and wall thickness shall not vary from the design dimensions by more than five percent or 3/16 inch, whichever is greater.
h.The depth of cover and amount of steel may, at the discretion of the Testing Engineer, be checked by an electro-magnetic device.
i.The permissible variation in diameter of any wire in finished fabric shall conform to the tolerances prescribed for the wi re before fabrication by AASHTO M 32.
j.Box sections may be repaired, if necessary, because of occasional imperfections in manufacture or handling damage and will be acceptable if, in the opinion of the Engineer, the repairs are sound, properly finished and cured, and the repaired box section conforms to the specifications. These repairs will be allowed in the ends and on joints, only. No repairs will be allowed in the barrel of the box section.
708.23 Special Sections . Any special section, not otherwise specified, shall be of the
same wall thickness, size, and type as the pipe to which it is joined and shall conform to the applicable requirements for the particular type of pipe as set forth therein. Elbows, tees, wyes, or other such special sec tions shall, unless otherwise specified, have a minimum length for each projection sufficient to properly join the section to the joining elements of the completed structure. Other details shall be as shown on the plans. SECTION 709 - METAL PIPE
709.01 Cast Iron Culvert Pipe . Cast iron culvert pipe shall conform to ASTM A 716,
for the wall thicknesses set out in the Tables, or as specified on the plans.
709.02 Corrugated Metal Culvert Pipe and Pipe Arches . All corrugated metal pipe
and arches covered in these specifications shall conform to AASHTO M 36, except the minimum gauge thickness shall be as shown on the plans or in the contract; however, corrugated metal pipe manufactured from sheets thicker than that specified will be acceptable when approved by the Engineer. The in ternal diameter of corrugated metal pipe will be determined by inside measurement between the crests of the corrugations. Corrugations greater than 3" x 1" will not be allowed in arch pipe.
709.02.1 Aluminized Corrugated Metal Culvert Pipe and Pipe Arches. All
aluminized metal pipe and arches shall be manufactured from Type 2 corrugated metal pipe and arches in accordance with the requirements of Subsection 709.02.
709.03 Bituminous Coated Corrugat ed Metal Pipe and Pipe Arches.
709.03.1 Materials . Bituminous coated corrugated metal pipe and arches shall conform
to the requirements of AASHTO M 190 and be completely coated inside and out with an asphalt cement that meets the perf ormance requirements hereinafter. The pipe shall be coated uniformly to a minimum thickness of 0.05 inch, measured on the crest of the corrugations. The asphalt cement used shall be at least 99.5% soluble in carbon disulfide.
709.03.2 Performance Requirements . The asphalt cement shall adhere to the metal
tenaciously, shall not chip off in handling, and shall protect the pipe from deterioration as evidenced by successfully withst anding the following tests:
Source: Mississippi Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2017 Edition. Pages 772–780 of 1,113.