703Aggregates

703.01 General . All aggregate sources shall be approved by the Department prior to use.

All approved aggregate source s will be re-examined periodically for conformance to the quality requirements set herein. The term "thin or elongated piece" is intended to mean a piece whose length is more than five times its average thickness. Suspected pieces will be chosen from a representative sample, and the length and average thickness will be determined visually. The term "fractured face" is intended to mean that the approximate ar ea of a fractured face shall not be less than the approximate cross-sectional area at the minor axis of the particle. This area will be visually determined. A pi ece of aggregate with a small chipped area will not be considered as crushed. All concrete produced for use in Department work shall be manufactured from aggregates which have been tested and accep ted by Departme nt personnel.

703.02 Fine Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete.

703.02.1 General Requirements . Fine aggregate for hydraulic cement concrete used in

construction of culverts, headwalls, retaining walls, steps, or other minor structures shall consist of natural sand or manufactured limestone sand. Fine aggregate used in major construction, such as concrete pavements and bridges, shall be natural sand unless otherwise designated on the plans or in any special provisions. Natural sand, or manufactured limestone sand, shall be composed of clean, hard, durable, and uncoated particles free of deleterious substances and or ganic impurities. Fine aggregate from more than one source shall not be used alternately, or mixed, without th e written consent of the Engineer. Fine aggregates will be added to the APL based on new source approval testing by the Department. Source approval of fine aggregate sources will be based on the following:

703.02.2 3.

703.02.2 Detail Requirements .

703.02.2 1--Deleterious Substances . The quantity of deleterious substances shall not

exceed the following limits: Deleterious Substance General Use Bridges and Super Structures Maximum Percent (%) by Mass Clay Lumps and friable particles 3.0 1.0 Coal and lignite 0.5 None Material finer than No. 200 sieve 2.0 1.0 Other deleterious substances such as shale, alkali, mica, coated grains, lightweight particles, and soft and flaky particles 2.0 1.0 Total Maximum Accumulative 3.0 2.0

703.02.2 2--Gradation Requirements . Fine aggregate for concrete shall be well graded

from coarse to fine and shall conform to the following: Square Mesh Sieve Percent Passing by Weight 1/2 inch 100 3/8 inch 97 - 100 No. 4 92 - 100 No. 8 75 - 100 No. 16 45 - 90 No. 30 25 - 70 No. 50 3 - 35 No. 100 0 - 10 The gradation of material from any one source shall be reasonably uniform and not subject to the extreme gradation shown above. The de gree of uniformity will be determined by fineness modulus determination from representative samples submitted from the sources the Contractor proposes to use. When the slip-form method for placement of conc rete pavement is used, the fine aggregate gradation requirements will be modified if necessary. 703.02.2.3--Soundness . When subjected to five cycles of soundness tests using magnesium sulfate, AASHTO T 104, the weighted percentage of loss shall not be more than 15.

703.02.2 4--Additi onal Requirements . Fine aggregate shall also meet the organic

impurities and mortar-making proper ties specified in AASHTO M 6.

703.03 Coarse Aggregate fo r Hydraulic Cement Concrete .

703.03.1 General Requirements . Coarse aggregate shall consist of gravel, crushed

limestone, granite, and Department-approved stone sources unless otherwise designated or permitted on the plans or in any special provisions. The coarse aggregate shall be hard, durable pa rticles that are thoroughly clean, free from adherent coatings of injurious character, and r easonably free of soft or disintegrated pieces, frozen lumps, vegetable, or other deleterious matter. Coarse aggregate from more than one source shall not be used alternately, or mixe d, without the written approval of the Engineer. Coarse aggregates will be added to the APL based on new source approval testing by the Department. Coarse aggregate source approval will be based on the following:

703.03.2 3.

703.03.2 2.

703.03.2 Detail Requirements .

703.03.2 1--Deleterious Substances . The quantity of deleterious substances shall not

exceed the following limits: General Use Bridge Super Structures Deleterious Substance Maximum Percent (%) by Mass Coal and lignite 0.5 None Clay lumps and Friable Particles 2.0 1.0 Material passing the No. 200 sieve: Limestone Other Materials 1.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 Thin or elongated pieces as referenced in Subsection 703.01 15.0 15.0 Soft fragments 3.0 3.0 Sticks None None Other deleterious substances 1.0 1.0 Maximum accumulative mass of shale, coal, lignite, clay lumps, friable particles, free shell, soft fragments, lightweight particles, and other deleterious substances 3.0 2.5

703.03.2 2--Percentage of Wear . The percentage of wear shall not be more than 40, when

coarse aggregate is subjected to the test for abrasion of co arse aggregate, AASHTO T 96.

703.03.2 3--Soundness . When subjected to five cycles of soundness test by the use of

magnesium sulfate, AASHTO T 104, the weighted percentage of loss shall not be more than 15%.

703.03.2 4--Gradation . Coarse aggregate for cement c oncrete, of the type designated,

shall be well-graded from coarse to fine, and shall conform to the following: Table of Sizes and Gradation of Coarse Aggregate for Hydraulic Cement Concrete Percent Passing by Weight Square Mesh Sieves Size No. 4671 Size No. 57 Size No. 672 Size No. 7 Size No. 78 Size No. 8 Size No. 89 2 inch 100 l½ inch 95-100 100 1 inch 80-100 97-100 3/4 inch 35-70 80-100 100 100 100 1/2 inch 25-60 90-100 90-100 95 100 100 3/8 inch 10-30 20-55 40-70 40-75 75-100 85 100 No. 4 0-5 0-10 0-10 0-15 5-25 5-30 20-40 No. 8 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-10 0-10 0-10 No. 16 0-5 0-5 0-5 NOTE: 1 - Size No. 467 is allowed only in concrete pavements Section 501 – Hydraulic Cement Concrete Pavements; 2 - This tolerance is not applicable for Class F and Class FX Concrete. The gradation from any one source shall be reasonably uniform and not subject to the extreme limits of gradation shown in the table. For the purpose of determining the degree of uniformity, a fineness modulus determination will be made upon representative samples from the sources proposed for use by the Contractor.

703.03.2 5--Lightweight Particles in Coarse Aggregate . Lightweight particles in coarse

aggregate typically have an oven dry specific gravity less than 2.00. The lightweight particle and coarse aggregat e blend testing requirements are specified in Subsection

804.02.12 5. The lightweight particle and coar se aggregate blend is subjective to increased

testing and monitoring with an oven dry specif ic gravity of less than 2.45. In addition to oven dry specific gravity, visual inspectio n can identify the presence of excessive lightweight particles. The Engineer may require additional testing based on visual inspection of the aggregate source and/or producer stockpiles.

703.04 Aggregate for Crushed Stone Courses.

703.04.1 Coarse Aggregate . Coarse aggregate, defined as material retained on No. 8

sieve, shall be either crushed limestone, steel slag, granite, concrete, or combination thereof. Crushed concrete is defined as recycled concrete pavement, structural concrete, or other concrete sources that can be crushed to meet the gradation requirements for Size No. 825B as modified below. In no case shall waste from concrete production (wash-out) be used as a crushed stone base. Individual sources of coarse aggregate shall conform to the following quality requirements: Percentage of wear shall not exceed 45 wh en tested in accordance with AASHTO T 96. The coarse aggregate shall have a minimum dry rodded unit weight of 70 pounds per cubic foot when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 19.

703.04.2 Fine Aggregate . Fine aggregate, defined as ma terial passing the No. 8 sieve,

shall be material resulting from the crushing of limestone, steel slag, granite, concrete, or a combination thereof. Fine aggregate, wh en manufactured, shall be manufactured from material meeting the quality requirements for coarse aggregate, and it shall be free of lumps of clay and friable particles, loam, organic or foreign matter. Individual sources of fine aggregate shall be non-plastic when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 90. Fly ash, when used as a portion of the fine aggregate to obtain desired properties of the mixture, shall be from an approved source. When the fine aggregate is combined with other aggregate fractions in the proper proportion, the resultant mixture shall m eet the requirements of the contract.

703.04.3 Gradation. Aggregates for crushed stone sha ll be well-graded from coarse to

fine, and shall conform to the following: TABLE OF SIZES AND GRADATION OF CRUSHED STONE AGGREGATE Percent Passing by Weight Sieve Size Size ¾ inch and Do wn Size No. 610 Size No. 825 B 2 inch 100 1 1/2 inch 100 90 - 100 1 inch 100 90 - 100 75 - 100 3/4 inch 70 - 100 1/2 inch 62 - 90 60 - 85 3/8 inch 50 - 85 50 - 80 No. 4 35 - 65 40 - 65 40 - 70 No. 8 28 - 54 No. 10 25 - 50 No. 16 19 - 42 No. 40 15 - 30 12 - 26 No. 50 9 - 32 No. 200 5 - 15 5 - 12 4 - 18 If crushed concrete is used, the crushed material shall meet the gradation requirements of Size No. 825 B with the exception that the per cent passing by weight of the No. 200 sieve shall be 2 – 18.

703.05 Blank.

703.06 Aggregates for Asphalt.

703.06.1 Coarse Aggregates. Coarse aggregate, material retained on the No. 8 sieve,

shall be either crushed stone, slag, granite, sh ell, expanded clay, expanded shale, crushed gravel, or a combination thereof. Crushed reclaimed concrete pavement shall also be allowed as a coarse aggregate provided it meets the quality requirements below and the final product produced therefrom meets all other specification requirements. The percentage of wear shall not exceed 45 when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 96. When tested in accordance with AASHTO T 19, the dry rodded unit weight of all aggregates except expanded clay and shale shall not be less than 70 pounds per cubic foot. The coarse aggregate shall be free of any inju rious coating that will prohibit the adherence of asphalt to the aggregate particles. The percentage of loss shall not exceed 20 when tested for soundness using magnesium sulfate in accordance with AASHTO T 104. Shell shall consist of durable, wa shed particles of dead clam or dead reef oyster shell, or combination thereof. The shell shall be free of objectionable matter such as sticks, mud, clay lumps, cannery or live shell, or other deleterious matter. Not more than five percent by weight of the dredged material shall pass the No. 200 sieve; any such material shall be dispersed throughout the mass.

703.06.1 2--Fine Aggregates. Fine aggregate, material passing the No. 4 sieve, shall

consist of hard, durable particles of naturally disintegrated rock, or material obtained by crushing stone, slag, gravel, reclaimed concrete pavement, or combinations thereof. Fine aggregate produce from crushing reclaimed concrete pavement shall be manufactured from material meeting the quality requirements for coarse aggregate. Fine aggregate shall be free of lumps of clay and friable particles, loam, organic or foreign matter. Fine aggregate produced by crushing stone, slag or gravel shall be manufactured from aggregate meeting the quality requir ements of coarse aggregate. Individual sources of fine aggregate shall be non-plastic when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 90. Natural deposits of fine aggregate shall contain no more than 10 percent by weight passing the No. 200 sieve when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 11. Individual fine aggregate components shall be of such consistency and dryness that a uniform and even flow from the cold feed will be provided.

703.07 Granular Materials .

703.07.1 General . Granular materials shall be composed of a natural or manufactured

mixture of soil binder and sand, soil binder, sand and gravel, stone, slag, or combinations thereof. The mixture shall have satisfactor y cementing qualities and shall be homogeneous in character and reasonably free of clay balls, vegetable matter, or other deleterious substances that cannot be classed as serviceable. To ensure adequate soil drainage through the sh oulders, no material used above the design soil in the construction of shoulders shall have a minus 200 sieve fraction, liquid limit, or plasticity index appreciably exceeding like char acteristics in the adjacent base courses.

703.07.1 1--Fine Aggregate (Portion Passing The No. 10 Sieve) . The fine aggregate shall

be composed of a natural or artificial mixture of soil binder and granular material. The soil binder shall be clay or silt or other material s, or combinations thereof having satisfactory cementing qualities, homogeneous in character, and reasonably free of vegetable matter, clay balls, or other deleterious substances th at cannot be classed as serviceable. The granular portion shall be composed of sand, stone, or slag screenings and shall be hard and durable and preferably sharp.

703.07.1 2--Coarse Aggregate (Portion Retained on the No. 10 Sieve) . The coarse

aggregate shall be composed of gravel, stone, slag, or a combinations thereof, and shall consist of hard, durable particles reasonably free of vegetable matter or other deleterious substances. Materials that break up and weathe r rapidly when alternately frozen and thawed or wetted and dried shall not be used. Coarse aggregate, when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 96, shall have a percentage of wear not to exceed 50, except no abrasion testing will be required for aggregates used in shoulder construction. 703.07.2--Gradation . The gradations shown in the following tables are the maxima and minima for all sources, and the gradation from any one source shall be reasonably uniform and not subject to the extreme limits in the tables. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to furnish a material that has sufficient silt and clay, within the ranges permitted in the tables, to insure that the material will, when processed as specified, bind together and form a stable course and will, when pr operly compacted, have the required density. The gradation of the class specified shall meet the applicable requirements of the following table: Material Passing the No. 40 Sieve shall meet the following: Group LL PI Symbol Max. Min. Max. A 25 6 B 25 8 C 30 10 **D 35 15 **E 35 6 15 General Note: Material will be designated in the contract by Class _____, Group _____. ** In the case of Group D material, the range of PI shall be no more than nine in any half-mile section. When Group E material is specified in the contract, that portion to be treated with cement may be less plastic or non-plastic except that the range in PI shall be no more than nine in any half-mile section.

703.07.3 Sampling and Testing . The material shall be sampled and tested as outlined in

Subsection 700.03.

703.08 Mechanically Stabilized Courses. Specified aggregates meeting the requirements of Subsection 70 3.20 when combined with so ils or other aggregates as

required will be tested for gradation and plasticity of the composite mixture. In the case of gravel, stone, or slag aggreg ates or combinations thereof, the composite mixture will be designated in the contract as Ty pe A, Type B, or Type C. In the case of reef shell or clam shell aggregates or combin ations thereof, the co mposite mixture will be designated in the contract as Type D. The composite mechanically st abilized mixture of the type and group specified in the contract shall meet the following requirements: Percentage By Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Type Sieve Size A B C D 3" 100 100 100 1 1/2" 85-100 85-100 85-100 95-100 1" 65-100 65-100 65-100 1/2" 35-90 35-90 35-100 No. 4 30-70 30-75 30-85 No. 10 30-50 30-57 30-65 No. 40 55(Max.) Material passing the No. 40 sieve shall meet the following: Group LL PI Symbol Max. Min. Max. A 25 6 B 25 8 C 30 10 **D 35 15 **E 35 6 15 Note: Desired product will be designated in the contract as Type _____, Group _____.

703.09 Blank.

703.10 Blank .

703.11 Blank .

703.12 Blank .

703.13 Aggregate for Co ld Mix Asphalt Pavement. The fine and coarse aggregate

fractions for the mixture shall be so sized a nd graded that when combined the resultant mixture will be uniformly graded from coarse to fine and meet the applicable requirements of the gradation table.

703.13.1 Coarse Aggregate . The coarse aggregate shall be crushed slag, crushed

limestone, crushed gravel, expanded clay, granite, crushed reef shell or a combination thereof and shall meet the quality requirements of Subsection 703.06. Crushed processed reef shell shall consist of dead oyster shell, dead clam shell, or combinations thereof. It shall not contain ca nnery or live shell. The uncrushed shell shall be produced or processed by washing over a screen washer. The mesh of the screen washer shall not be smaller than 1/4 inch. Before crushing, material passing the No. 200 sieve shall not exceed four percent.

703.13.2 Fine Aggregate . Fine aggregate shall meet the quality requirements of

Subsection 703.06. When crushed limestone or crushed reef shell is used as the coarse aggregate, at least 60% of the fine aggregate portion of the mixture shall consist of naturally disintegrated rock.

703.13.3 Aggregate for Top Dressing . Material for top dressing shall consist of dry

sand, gravel screenings, stone screenings or slag screenings and conform to the following gradation requirements: Square Mesh Percent Passing Sieve By Dry Weight) 3/8 inch 100 No. 4 95 (min.) No. 50 30 (max.) No. 100 5 (max.) RANGE OF TOLERANCES Passing No. 10 and la rger Sieves --------------------------------  10% Passing Nos. 40 and 80 Sieves -----------------------------------  7% Passing No. 200 Sieve --------------------------------------------  3% Percent Asphalt Cement ------------------------------------------  0.5% Percent Liqu efier --------------------------------------------------  0.5%

703.14 Aggregate for Chip Seals .

703.14.1 General Requirements . Aggregate for chip seals and liquid seals shall consist

of crushed stone, crushed slag, gravel, or e xpanded clay as specified in the contract. Only one kind and type of aggregate shall be used on a single course unless otherwise authorized by the Engineer in writing.

703.14.2 Detail Requirements .

703.14.2 1--Gradation . Aggregates shall conform to the gradation requirements

contained in the following table:

703.14.2 2--All Materials . The quantity of deleterious substances shall not exceed the

limits set out in Subsection 703.03.2.1 for general use. When subjected to five cycles of soundness test for coarse aggregat e by use of magnesium sulfate, AASHTO T 104, the we ighted percentage of loss shall not be more than 15. The percentage of wear, when tested for ab rasion in accordance with AASHTO T 96, shall not be more than 40%.

703.14.2 3--Crushed Stone . Crushed stone shall consist of clean, tough, durable, uncoated

fragments free from an excess of soft or disintegrated pieces.

703.14.2 4--Crushed Slag . Crushed slag shall be air-cooled slag consisting of angular

fragments, reasonably uniform in density and qua lity, and reasonably free of dirt or other objectionable matter. Crushed slag shall have a dry-rodded weight of 70 to 90 pounds per cubic foot when tested in accordance with AA SHTO T 19 and shall not contain more than 10 percent by weight of glassy particles. The maximum unit weight is waived for chromium slag.

703.14.2 5--Crushed Gravel . Crushed gravel shall be composed of clean, tough, durable

particles of gravel, free from excess dirt or other objectionable matter. At least 85% by weight of the particles retained on the No. 10 sieve shall have one or more fractured faces.

703.14.2 6--Un crushed Gravel . Uncrushed gravel shall be composed of clean, tough,

durable particles free from excess vegetable or other objectionable matter. It shall meet the requirements specified above for all materials as to deleterious substances.

703.14.2 7--Expanded Clay . Expanded clay aggregate shall be the product of a plant

approved by the Engineer. It shall conform to the gradation requirem ents in the preceding table and to requirements of ASTM C 330, with the following exception: The loss by abrasion shall not be more than 40% when su bjected to the Los Angeles Abrasion Test, AASHTO T 96. When used for sealing joints as specified in Section 413, the soundness and abrasion requirements will be waived.

703.15 Blank .

703.16 Mineral Filler . Mineral filler shall consist of sh ell dust, limestone dust, hydraulic

cement, or other calcareous type materials having a high affinity for asphalt. The source of the material shall be approved by the Engineer. Mineral filler shall meet the following gradation requirements: Passing the No. 30 sieve, % -------------------------------------------------------------- 100 Passing the No. 50 sieve, not less than, % ------------------------------------------------ 95 Passing the No. 200 sieve, not less th an, % ---------------------------------------------- 65

703.17 Blank .

703.18 Mortar Sand . Sand for mortar shall consist of hard, strong, durable, uncoated

mineral or rock particles, free of injurious amounts of organic or other deleterious substances. It shall not contain, by weight, more than three percent clay or inorganic silt or combination thereof. Mortar sand shall be uniformly graded from coarse to fine within the following limits: Sieve Size % Passing No. 4 100 No. 8 97-100 No. 50 8-40 No. 100 0-10 No. 200 0-5 Mortar sand shall meet other requirements of AASHTO M 45.

703.19 Lightweight Aggregate for Structural Concrete .

703.19.1 Lightweight Aggreg ate for Structural Concrete . Lightweight aggregate for

structural concrete shall meet th e requirements of AASHTO M 195.

703.19.2 Lightweight Aggregate fo r Internal Curing of Concrete . Lightweight

aggregate for internal curing of concrete shall meet the requirements of ASTM C 1761. The lightweight aggregate shall meet the grada tion requirements listed in Table 1 for either “9.5 mm to 2.36 mm (3/8 in. to No. 8)” Coarse aggregate, “9.5 mm to 0 (3/8 in. to 0)” Combined fine and coarse aggregate, or “4.75 mm to 0 (No. 4 to 0)” Fine aggregate. The fineness modulus of the lightweight aggregate shall not be less than 2.70.

703.20 Aggregate for Stabilizer .

703.20.1 General Requirements . The material for stabilizer aggregate shall meet the

requirements hereinafter specified for each type. The gradation limits shown below are the maxi ma and minima for all cases, and a closer control appropriate to the job materials will be required for the specific project. Each type of aggregate shall be uniformly graded from co arse to fine. Skip-graded material will not be acceptable. 703.20.2--Detail Requirements .

703.20.2 1--Gravel, Stone, or Slag Coarse Stabilizer . Gravel or stone shall be composed

of hard, tough, durable particles reasonably free of injurious or deleterious substances. The percentage of wear, when tested in accord ance with AASHTO T 96, shall not exceed 50%. Slag shall be air-cooled slag, consisting of angular fragments, r easonably uniform in density and quality, and reasonably free of dirt or other objectionable matter. The weight per cubic foot shall be not less than 85 pounds.

703.20.2 2--Shell . Shell shall consist of durable, wash ed particles of slaked clam or reef

shell or combination thereof. The shell shall be free of objectionable matter such as sticks, mud, clay lumps, or other deleterious matter. Not more than four percent by weight of clay and sand will be permitted and such material shall be dispersed throughout the mass. Clam shell shall consist of washed dead clam shell. Reef shell shall consist of washed dead oyster shell and shall not contain cannery or live shell.

703.20.2 3--Medium and Fine Stabilizer . Medium aggregate stabilizer and fine

aggregate stabilizer shall consist of sand , stone, shell, and/or slag screenings. Slag screenings, sand, or stone shall be composed of hard, durable particles reasonably free of injurious amounts of soft or flaky particles, dust lumps, organic, or other deleterious substances. Shell shall comply with the requirements set out in Subsection 703.20.2.2.

703.20.3 Gradation . The gradation of the various type s of stabilizer shall be as follows:

PERCENT PASSING BY WEIGHT Shell Coarse Medium Fine Square Mesh Sieves Size I Size II Note (1) Size III Note (3) 3 inch 100 2 1/2 inch 90-100 90-100 2 inch 100 1 1/2 inch 90-100 100 25-60 1 inch 80-100 97-100 3/4 inch 55-100 55-100 0-10 1/2 inch 35-85 35-85 0-5 100 3/8 inch 12-65 12-65 97-100 No. 4, Note (2) 0-30 0-30 92-100 No. 10 0-8 0-8 80-100 100 No. 40 10-40 80-100 No. 60 0-20 30-100 No. 100 15-80 No. 200 0-5 0-4 0-4 0-5 0-30 PI Material Passing No. 40 6 or less 0 Note (1): Size II is intended for use in bases in which hydraulic cement is used. Note (2): Ground shell shall contain at least 97% passing the No. 4 sieve. Note (3): Size III is intended for us e in stabilized construction entrances.

703.20.4 Stabilizer Aggr egate, Local Materials . When local materials are designated

for use as stabilizer aggregate, their requirements will be shown on the plans or in the special provisions.

703.21 Borrow Excavation . Borrow excavation shall be composed of a natural or

manufactured mixture of sand, silt, and clay or combinations of sand, silt, clay, gravel or stone. The material shall have satisfactory ce menting qualities, shall be reasonably free of vegetable matter or other deleterious substances that cannot be classed as serviceable, and shall be such that when properly compacted will form a dense mass. When rock or stone is used in the embankment, it shall be so graded and manipulated that the embankment will contain no appreciable interstices. Borrow excavation from outsid e the right-of-way is divide d into classes, each class conforming to the requirements set out in the following table: The class of material will be specified in the contract. When the contract contains a numerical de signation after the class number, it shall be understood to indicate the requirement that th e material shall have a minimum PI of not less than that indicated by the numerical desi gnation. For example, Class B9-6 requires Class B9 material having a minimum PI of 6; or a Class B9-10 requires Class B9 material having a minimum PI of 10, etc. When a minimum PI is specified, the maximum plasticity index and the maximum liquid limit, as indicated in the table, will be ra ised the numerical designation for minimum PI, except that in the case of Class B8, Class B10 and Class B13 the maximum liquid limit shall remain as indicated in the table above. For the design soil portion of the embankment a ll of the material shall pass a three-inch sieve. Individual contracts may further restrict the maximu m size of material in the top portion of the design soil. SECTION 704 - AGGREGATE FOR DRAINAGE

704.01 Permeable Material. Permeable material for use in backfilling trenches, under,

around, and over underdrains and permeable material for blankets or other subdrainage purposes shall consist of hard, durable, clean sand, gravel, crushed stone, or crushed slag, and shall be free from organic material, clay balls, or other deleterious substances. These materials shall be as designated by Type as set out below.

704.02 Type A Filter Material . Type A filter material shall meet the requirements for

Size 7 seal cover aggregate, or Size 7, 57, or 67 coarse aggregate for hydraulic cement concrete, or Size II gravel coarse stabilizer as set out in Section 703. The crushing requirement for gravel seal cove r aggregate is not applicable.

704.03 Type B Filter Material . Type B filter material shall be concrete sand conforming

to the requirements of Subsection 703.02. 704.04--Type C Filter Material . Type C filter material shall consist of sand, stone, and/or slag screenings composed of hard, durable particles reasonably free of injurious amounts of soft or flaky particles, dust, lumps, organic, or other deleterious substances. The gradation of the material shall be as follows: Sieve Size Percent Passing 1/2 inch 100 No. 4 80 - 100 No. 16 37 - 80 No. 50 5 - 30 No. 100 0 - 10

704.05 Type D Impervious Material . Type D impervious material shall consist of

natural soil, soil aggregates, or a blend of na tural soil and aggregates. The material shall be reasonably free of sticks, roots and other objectionable matter, shall be classified as