304Granular Courses

304.01 Description . This work consists of furnishing granular materials and the

construction of one or more courses of base, shoulders, or other required construction on a prepared foundation in reasonably close conf ormity with the lines, grades, and typical cross sections shown on the plans or established by the Engineer.

304.02 Materials .

304.02.1 General . Unless otherwise specified, materials used in this work shall

conform to the requirements of Subsecti ons 703.04 & 703.07. General conditions governing the use of materials shall be as set out in Section l06. Crushed concrete meeting the requirements of Subsection 703.04.3 may be used in lieu of granular courses or crushed stone courses specified in the contract. This applies to base courses, shoulders, or other required construction on a prepared foundation. When crushed stone base is bid as alternate pay items, the Contractor must select one of the alternates at the time of bid. The Contra ctor must use the selected crushed stone base throughout the entire project.

304.02.2 Sampling, Te sting and Acceptance . A minimum of one random sample will

be obtained from the roadway for each 1000 cubic yards or 1400 tons for determining acceptance of the material for gradation, liquid limit and plasticity index. When borderline or failing results are obtained the Engineer may increase the sampling frequency. When a roadway sample fails to meet the re quirements of the specifications additional samples will be taken along the roadway for determining the limits of the inferior material. Such inferior material shall be corrected or removed and replaced at no additional costs to the State.

304.03 Construction Requirements.

304.03.1 Equipment . When measurement for payment is to be made by the ton, the

Contractor shall furnish approved platform s cales capable of weighing the entire loaded vehicle. Scales and their use shall be in accordance with the requirements set out in Subsection 40l.03.2.1.11, except they shall be installed at an approved location on or near the project. Rollers shall be of sufficient number, type , size, and weight to accomplish the required compaction. Watering equipment shall have pressurized spray bars with suita ble nozzle openings.

304.03.2 Preparation of Grade . The foundation on which granular material is to be

placed shall be prepared as set out in Sec tion 321. A section of prepared roadbed of sufficient length to allow time for inspection, test, necessary corrections, and approval shall be maintained at all times ahead of placing material.

304.03.3 Placing of Materials . The Contractor shall be responsible for furnishing a

material that meets the requirements of the contract and in such quantity to produce the specified compacted thicknesses. All material placed in excess of the tolerances allowed in Section 321 shall be removed and placed at other approved locations, or removed and hauled off the project without compensation. A course whose compacted thickness is designate d to be more than eight inches shall be constructed in two or more layers of ap proximately equal thickness. The maximum compacted thickness of any one laye r shall not exceed eight inches. No granular materials shall be placed while frozen or placed on frozen materials. When the Engineer determines that in-place material, including the top portion of the design soil, is wet to the degree that there is a possibility of rutting, deforming, or displacing the underlying material, the hauling operation shall be suspended. The Contractor shall produce such material as is necessary to meet the specifications for gradation, liquid limit and plasticity index and shall make such corrections as are necessary or shall remove and replace, at no additional cost to the State, any deficient material placed in the work. In all cases of correcting deficiencies on the roadbed, the Contractor shall be fully responsible for any damage to the underlying course(s) and other work. Vegetative material shall be removed prior to placement of granular material on the roadbed or along shoulders. The costs of this work will not be measured for separate payment and should be included in the costs of other items bid.

304.03.4 Blending . After the material has been initially shaped, the entire volume of

material for the course or layer being placed shall be processed and blended by blading in such a manner and as many times as necessary to produce a course visually uniform in color and texture. Care shall be exercised during the blending process to prevent contamination with underlying material. The Contractor shall be fully responsible for damage to or contamination with underlying or other unlike material and shall make corrections as necessary at no additional cost to the state. When granular material is re quired to be placed adjacent to pavement in place, blending shall be performed to the satisfaction of the Engineer prior to placement of the material on shoulders.

304.03.5 Shaping, Compacting, and Finishing . Each course or layer of material shall

be shaped to the required section, watered or aerated as necessary to provide the needed moisture content for compaction, and compacted. Throughout the compaction operation, the shape of the course or layer shall be ma intained by blading and rolling so that the aggregates are uniformly distributed and firmly keyed. Shaping and compaction shall be carried out in a manner that will prevent lamination and shall continue until the entire depth and width of the course or layer has reached the required density. Surface compaction and finish ing shall be performed so as to produce a smooth, closely knit surface that is free from la mination, cracks, ridges or loose material. The finished surface shall conf orm, within allowable tolera nces, to the required section and established lines and grades. Allowabl e tolerances are set out in Section 321. Prior to subsequent construction or release of maintenance, all irregularities, depressions, soft spots, and other deficiencies found by the Engineer shall be corrected to meet the requirements of these specifications without additional compensation. After compaction and finishing, if the mixture contains plus No. 4 aggregate and the course is to serve as a base for bituminous pa vement, at least one complete coverage shall be made with a steel wheel roller. The resu lting surface shall be sprinkled as necessary to maintain the required moisture content and shall be thoroughly compacted and sealed with a pneumatic roller. In addition to the requirements for density a nd correction of deficiencies, the Contractor shall be responsible for constructing and maintaining a course that will remain firm and stable under construction equipment and other traffic which the course will be subjected to prior to release of maintenance. Density tests will be performed in accordance with the methods as provided in Subsections 700.03 and 700.04. Determination of acceptance of compaction of gr anular courses for required density will be performed on a lot to lot basis. Each lo t will be each 2,500 linear feet per layer placed. At the discretion of the Engineer, a residual portion of a lot completed during a day's operation may be considered as a separate lot or may be included in the previous or the subsequent lot, except that any day's operation of less than one full lot will be considered a lot. The lot will be divided into five approximately equal sublots with one density test taken at random in each sublot. The individual test s and the average of the five tests shall equal or exceed the values as shown in the table below. Granular Material Lot Individual Class Average Test 7, 8, 9 or 10 97.0 93.0 5 or 6 99.0 95.0 3 or 4 100.0 96.0 1 or 2 102.0 98.0 Crushed Courses* 99.0 95.0 * When placed on filter fabric on untreated subgrade, the individual tests and the average of the five (5) tests shall e qual or exceed the following values. Lot Average Individual Test 96.0 92.0 When pavement is not required, the required density for the top course will be as shown in the table below. Granular Material Lot Individual Class Average Test 10 94.0 90.0 7, 8 or 9 95.0 91.0 5 or 6 96.0 92.0 3 or 4 97.0 93.0 1 or 2 98.0 94.0 Crushed Stone Courses 96.0 92.0 No density tests will be required for granular or crushed stone courses used for temporary work such as maintaining temporary ramps and driveways. A finished course shall be continually main tained until a subsequent course is placed thereon or the work is released from maintenance. 304.04--Method of Measurement . Granular material and crushed stone courses will be measured by the cubic yard, av erage end area (AEA) or LVM, or by the ton, as indicated in the bid schedule of the contract. When the method of measurement is by the ton, measurement will be made on the dry unit weight basis. The moisture determination for computing the dry unit weight will be made in accordance with the methods as provided in Subsections 700.03 and 700.04 at least once a day and as many additional times as the Engineer deems necessary. When the method of measurement is by the cubic yard average end area method (AEA), all calculations of areas for payment shall be based on computations made to the nearest hundredth of a square foot from the typical sections shown on the plans. The length will be measured along the surface of the course at the centerline of each roadway or ramp. The theoretical volume calculated for payment will be to the neat lines as shown on the plans. The accepted quantity for payment will be the ite mized proposal quantity as adjusted for authorized changes. The itemize d proposal quantity will be corrected if it is shown to be in error by more than 2.0 percent. Water necessary for processing granular material will not be m easured for separate payment.

304.05 Basis of Payment . Granular material and crushed stone courses will be paid for

at the contract unit price per unit specified in the bid schedule of the contract, which shall be full compensation for completing the work. Payment will be made under: 304-A: Granular Material, LVM, Class____, Group____ - per cubic yard 304-B: Granular Material, Class____, Group____ - per ton 304-C: Granular Material, AEA, Class____, Group____ - per cubic yard 304-D: Granular Material, Size - per ton 304-E: Granular Material, LVM, Size - per cubic yard 304-F: Size Crushed Stone Base - per ton 304-G: Size Crushed Stone Base, AEA - per cubic yard 304-H: Size Crushed Stone Base, LVM - per cubic yard SECTION 305 - IN-GRADE MODIFICATION

305.01 Description . This work consists of modifying in place materials by

incorporating other materials and constructing one or more courses in accordance with these specifications and in reasonably close co nformity with the lines, grades, and typical cross sections shown on the plans or established by the Engineer.

305.02 Materials .

305.02.1 Materials to be Modified . The materials to be modified shall consist of

material in place on the roadbed or material placed under this contract or a combination thereof. General conditions governing the use of materials shall be as set out in Section 106.

305.02.2 Stabilizer Aggregates . Stabilizer aggregates of the kind and size specified

shall meet the requirements of Subsection 703.20.

305.03 Construction Requirements.

305.03.1 Equipment . The methods and equipment used in performing the work shall

meet the requirements of Subsection l08.05 . Equipment necessary for proper prosecution of the work shall be on the project and approved by the Engineer prior to commencing work. Watering equipment shall have pressurized spray bars with suita ble nozzle openings. Mixing and scarifying equipment shall have positive depth controls. Rollers shall be of sufficient number, type , size, and weight to accomplish the required compaction.