SECTION 703 - AGGREGATES
703.07 Aggregates for HMA Pavements Coarse and fine aggregate for hot mix asphalt
pavements shall be of such gradation that when combined in the proper proportions, including filler, if required, the resultant blend will meet the composition of mixture for the type of pavement specified. Coarse aggregate, that material retained on the No. 4 sieve, shall be crushed stone or crushed gravel and, unless otherwise stipulated, shall consist of clean, tough, durable fragments free from an excess of soft or disintegrated pieces and free from stone coated with dirt or other objectionable matter. Coarse aggregate shall not exceed an absorption of 2.0 percent by weight as determined by AASHTO T 85. Fine aggregate, material that passes the No. 4 sieve, shall consist of natural sand, manufactured sand, or a combination of these. It shall consist of hard, tough grains, free from injurious amounts of clay, loam, or other deleterious substances. Fine aggregate shall not exceed an absorption of 2.3 percent by weight as determined by AASHTO T 84. All individual aggregates for hot mix asphalt pavements shall meet Table 3 requirements (excluding LCP) unless otherwise noted. The Department reserves the right to sample and test the composite aggregate for any of the following properties at any time: 7-10 TABLE 3: Aggregate Consensus Properties Criteria Estimated Traffic, Million 18 kip ESALs AASHTO T 335 Coarse Aggregate Angularity (minimum) AASHTO T 304 Method A Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate (minimum)** ASTM D 4791 (8.4) Flat and Elongated Particles (maximum) AASHTO T 176 Clay Content/ Sand Equivalent (minimum) AASHTO T 327 Coarse Micro-Deval (maximum) < 3.0 75/60 40 18.0%* 3.0 to < 10 90/80 45 50 10 95/90 18.0% * In the event the material e xceeds the Micro-Deval limit, a Washington Degradation test shall be performed. The material shall be acceptable if it has a value of 30 or more as determined by Washington State DOT Test Method T 113, Method of Test for Determination of Degradation Value except that the reported degradation value will be the result of testing a single composite specimen from that portion of the sample that passes the ½ inch sieve and is retained on the No. 10 sieve. ** Property will be evaluated on a mix design basis by calcula ting a weighted average based upon individual aggregate values (weighted average by the percentage proportion of the aggregate within the design). ASTM D 5821 - “90/80” denotes that 90 percent of the coarse agg regate has one fractured face and 80 percent has two fractured faces. AASHTO T 304 - Criteria are presented as percent air voids in l oosely compacted fine aggregate, (U). ASTM D 4791 - Criteria are presented as maximum percent by weig ht of flat and elongated particles (5:1 ratio). The entire HMA wearing course shall come from the same source of material and the same job mix formula, except when permission is obtained from the Department to change sources.
703.09 HMA Mixture Composition The coarse and fine aggregate shall meet the
requirements of Section 703.07. The several aggregate fractions for mixtures shall be sized, graded, and combined in such proportions that the resulting composite blends, including RAP aggregate will meet the grading requirements of the following table: 7-11 Aggregate Gradation Control Points Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size---Control Points (Percent Passing) Sieve Designation Type 25 mm Type 19 mm Type 12.5 mm Type 9.5 mm Type 9.5 mm Thin Lift Mixture (TLM) Type 4.75 mm Percent By Weight Passing - Combined Aggregate 37.5 mm 100 25 mm 90-100 100 19 mm -90 90-100 100 12.5 mm - -90 90-100 100 100 100 9.5 mm - - -90 90-100 95-100 95-100 4.75 mm - - - -90 60-95 80-100 2.36 mm 19-45 23-49 28-58 32-67 47-65 40 - 80 1.18 mm - - - - - - 0.60 mm - - - - - - 0.30 mm - - - - - - 0.075 mm 2.0-6.0 2.0-6.0 2.0-6.0 2.0-7.0* 2.0-7.0* 2.0-7.0 * For 9.5 mm nominal maximum aggregate size mixtures, the maxim um design aim for the percent passing the 75 μm sieve is 6.5%.
703.10 Aggregate for Untreated Surface Course and Leveling Course Aggregate for
untreated surface course and leveling course shall be screened or crushed gravel consisting of hard durable particles which are free from vegetable matter, lumps or balls of clay and other deleterious substances. If this item is to be used underneath pavement, it must have a Micro-Deval value of 20.0 or less as determined by AASHTO T 327. If the Micro-Deval value exceeds 20.0, the material may be used if it does not exceed 25 percent loss on AASHTO T 96, Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine. The aggregate shall meet the grading requirements of the following table: Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Untreated Aggregate Surface Course Type A Type B 1 inch 95-100 95-100 ¾ inch 90-100 90-100 No. 4 40-65 10-45 No. 10 10-45 10-35 No. 200 0-7.0 0-6.0 7-12
703.11 Aggregate for Shoulder The gradation of that portion passing a 3 inch sieve shall
meet the gradation requirements of the following table: Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves *Paved or Unpaved Lifts 4 inches or Greater Paved Lifts < 4 inches Unpaved Lifts < 4 inches 1 inch - 90-100 90-100 ¼ inch 25-70 25-100 25-70 No. 40 5-30 5-50 5-30 No. 200 2.0-10.0 2.0-10.0 2.0-10.0 *Shall not contain particles larger than 6 inches or the thickn ess of the lift being placed, whichever is less.
703.12 Aggregate for Crushed Stone Surface Crushed stone surf ace shall be of
quarried stone and have a Micro-Deval value of 18.0 percent or less as determined by AASHTO T 327. The aggregate shall meet the grading requirements of the following table: Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves 1 inch 100 ¾ inch 60-90 ½ inch 10-35 ⅜ inch 2-15 No. 4 0-5
703.13 Crushed Stone ¾-Inch Aggregate for Crushed Stone ¾-inch shall
be of quarried stone and have a Micro-Deval value of 18.0 percent or less as determined by AASHTO T 327. The aggregate shall meet the grading requirements of the following table: Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves 1 inch 100 ¾ inch 90-100 ½ inch 20-55 ⅜ inch 0-15 No. 4 0-5
703.15 Filler These materials shall conform to the following specification requirements
for the designated materials. 7-13 Mineral filler shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 1 7.
703.18 Common Borrow Common borrow shall consist of earth, suitable for
embankment construction. It shall be free from frozen material, perishable rubbish, peat, and other unsuitable material including material currently or previously contaminated by chemical, radiological, or biological agents unless the material is from a DOT project and authorized by DEP for use. The moisture content shall be sufficient to provide the required compaction and stable embankment. In no case shall the moisture content exceed 4 percent above optimum, which shall be determined in accordance with AASHTO T 180, Method C or D.
703.19 Granular Borrow Granular borrow shall consist of sand or gravel of hard durable
particles free from vegetable matter, lumps or balls of clay, frozen material and other deleterious substances. The gradation of that portion passing a 3 inch sieve shall meet the gradation requirements of the following table: Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Material for Underwater Backfill Material for Embankment Construction No. 40 0-70 0-70 No. 200 0-7.0 0-20.0 Granular borrow for underwater backfill shall contain no parti cles or fragments larger than 6 inches. Granular borrow for embankment construction shall contain no particles or fragments with a maximum dimension in excess of the compacted thickness of the layer being placed.
703.20 Gravel Borrow Gravel borrow shall consist of well grad ed granular material
having no rocks with a maximum dimension of over 6 inches. The gradation of that portion passing a 3 inch sieve shall meet the gradation requirements of the following table: Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves ¼ inch 0-70 No. 200 0-10.0
703.21 Rock Borrow Rock borrow shall consist of hard durable rock broken to
various sizes that will form a compact embankment with a minimum of voids. The maximum size for any rock shall be 3 feet in its greatest dimension.
703.22 Underdrain Backfill Material. Material for underdrain s hall be free from
organic matter, frozen material and shall conform to the following tables: 7-14 Type B material shall conform to the following table: Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves 1 inch 95-100 ½ inch 75-100 No. 4 50-100 No. 20 15-80 No. 50 0-15 No. 200 0-5.0 Type C material shall conform to the following table: Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves 1 inch 100 ¾ inch 90-100 ⅜ inch 0-75 No. 4 0-25 No. 10 0-5
703.24 Stone for French Drains Stones for French drains shall consist of hard,
durable rock and shall conform to the following table: Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves 6 inch 90-100 1½ inch 0-40 No. 4 0-5
703.25 Stone Fill Stones for stone fill shall consist of hard, sound, durable rock that
will not disintegrate by exposure to water or weather. Stone for stone fill shall be angular and rough. Rounded, subrounded, or long thin stones will not be allowed. Stone for stone fill may be obtained from quarries or by screening oversized rock from earth borrow pits. The maximum allowable length to thickness ratio will be 3:1. The minimum stone size (10 lbs) shall have an average dimension of 5 inches. The maximum stone size (500 lbs) shall have a maximum dimension of approximately 36 inches. Larger stones may be used if approved by the Resident. Fifty percent of the stones by volume shall have an average dimension greater than 12 inches (200 lbs). 7-15
703.26 Plain and Hand Laid Riprap Stone for riprap shall consist of hard, sound
durable rock that will not disintegrate by exposure to water or weather. Stone for riprap shall be angular and rough. Rounded, subrounded or long thin stones will not be allowed. The maximum allowable length to width ratio will be 3:1. Stone for riprap may be obtained from quarries or by screening oversized rock from earth borrow pits. The minimum stone size (10 lbs) shall have an average dimension of 5 inches. The maximum stone size (200 lbs) shall have an average dimension of approximately 12 inches. Larger stones may be used if approved by the Resident. Fifty percent of the stones by volume shall have an average dimension greater than 9 inches (50 lbs).
703.27 Stone Blanket Stones for stone blanket shall consist of sound durable rock that
will not disintegrate by exposure to water or weather. Stone for stone blanket shall be angular and rough. Rounded or subrounded stones will not be allowed. Stones may be obtained from quarries or by screening oversized rock from earth borrow pits. The minimum stone size (300 lbs) shall have minimum dimension of 14 inches, and the maximum stone size (3000 lbs) shall have a maximum dimension of approximately 66 inches. Fifty percent of the stones by volume shall have average dimension greater than 24 inches (1000 lbs).
703.28 Heavy Riprap Stone for heavy riprap shall consist of hard, sound, durable rock
that will not disintegrate by exposure to water or weather. Stone for heavy riprap shall be angular and rough. Rounded, subrounded, or thin, flat stones will not be allowed. The maximum allowable length to width ratio will be 3:1. Stone for heavy riprap may be obtained from quarries or by screening oversized rock from earth borrow pits. The minimum stone size (500 lbs) shall have minimum dimension of 15 inches, and at least fifty percent of the stones by volume shall have an average dimension greater than 24 inches (1000 lbs)
703.29 Stone Ditch Protection Rock used for ditch protection shall consist of sound,
durable rock that will not disintegrate by exposure to water or weather. Fieldstone, rough quarry stone, blasted ledge rock or tailings may be used. The rock shall be graded within the following limits or as otherwise approved Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves 12 inch 90-100 4 inch 0-15 The size of any stone shall not exceed 18 inches when measured along its longest axis.
703.31 Crushed Stone 2-Inch Crushed stone shall be obtained fr om rock of uniform
quality and shall consist of clean, angular fragments of quarried rock, free from soft disintegrated pieces or other objectionable matter. 7-16 The stone, which shall be similar to railroad ballast, shall m eet the following gradation requirements: Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves 2½ inch 100 2 inch 95-100 1 inch 0-30 ¾ inch 0-5
703.32 Definitions (ASTM D 2488, Table 1).
Angular: Particles have sharp edges and relatively plane sides with unpolished surfaces Subrounded: Particles have nearly plane sides but have well-rounded corners and edges Rounded: Particles have smoothly curved sides and no edges
703.33 Stone Ballast Aggregate for stone ballast shall be clean and graded crushed
stone aggregate with a hard, dense angular particle structure providing sharp corners and cubicle fragments with prime consideration for drainage efficiency. The material retained on the ⅜ inch sieve shall contain not more than 5 percent, by weight of flat and elongated particles when performed in accordance with test method ASTM D 4791, Flat Particles, Elongated Particles, or Flat and Elongated Particles in Coarse Aggregate, using a dimensional ratio of 1:5. The material shall have an absorption no greater than 1.5 percent by weight and a bulk specific gravity of 2.60 or greater as determined in accordance with AASHTO T 85 modified for weight of sample. The material shall not exceed 30 percent loss on ASTM C535, Resistance to Degradation of Large-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine. The material shall meet the grading requirements of the following table: Sieve Designation Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh Sieves Type 4 Type 4A 2 ½ inch 100 2 inch 100 90-100 1 ½ inch 90-100 60-90 7-17 1 inch 20-55 10-35 ¾ inch 0-15 0-10 3/8 inch 0-5 0-3 No. 200 1.0 max. 1.0 max.
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