702Bituminous Materials

701.04.2 2--Hydraulic Blended Cement for Soil Stabilization Exposed to Soluble

Sulfate Conditions or Seawater . When hydraulic blended cement for use in soil stabilization is exposed to moderate or severe soluble sulfate conditions, or to seawater, cement types and replacement of cement by Class F fly ash or GGBFS shall meet the requirements of Subsection 701.04.2.1. Sili ca fume may be used to bring the cementitious materials into compliance with the requirements of Table 2.

701.04.3 Exposure to Soluble Sulfate Conditions or Seawater . When blended

hydraulic cement for soil stabilization is exposed to moderate soluble sulfate conditions or to seawater, where the moderate soluble sulfat e condition is defined in Table 2, the blended cement shall meet the sulfate resistance requirement listed in AASHTO M 240. When hydraulic cement concrete or blended cement for soil stabilization is exposed to severe soluble sulfate conditions, where the severe soluble sulfate condition is defined in Table 2, Types IP and IS blended cements shall not be used. SECTION 702 - BITU MINOUS MATERIALS

702.01 General . Bituminous materials shall include asphalt cement, cutback asphalt, or

emulsified asphalt and shall meet the requirem ents of the applicable specifications. The material furnished for any item in any one contract shall be of one brand, type, and grade, unless special permission is obtained otherwise. Materials furnished shall exhibit uniform characteristics. When more than one grade of material is calle d for under any item, the Engineer will select the grade to be used. All sampling and reporting of bituminous materials shall be performed as set out in the Department's SOPs. All testing shall be performed in accordan ce with applicable AASHTO methods unless specifically modifi ed by a Mississippi Test Method (MT- _______). Bituminous material shall not be heated to a temperature that causes injury as evidenced by the formation of ca rbonized particles.

702.02 Measurement . Volumetric measurement of bituminous materials by the U.S.

gallon will be based upon a temperature of 60°F. Corrections to this temperature for asphalt cement, cutback asphalts and emulsified asphalt will be made in accordance with the Temperature Correction Tables set out in the Material’s Division Inspection, Testing, and Certification Manual . For purposes of measurement, a U.S. gallon shall be a volume of 231 cubic inches. When bituminous material is to be paid for by the gallon, the distributor tank(s) or storage tank(s), as applicable, to be used for measur ement shall be calibrated by an agency and in a manner approved by the Department. A calibration chart, showing the dimensions and volume per inch of depth, and a measuring gauge, calibrated in inches, shall be furnished to the Engineer. Each tank shall have an identifying serial number on a steel plate welded or riveted to the tank. In the event the Contractor does not have such calibration chart, previously made by an approved agency, the Department will, upon request, perform the calibration and furnish required charts; however, the Contractor will be fully responsible for any delays occasioned by such calibration by the Department. The measurements shall be taken when the bituminous material is of a uniform temperature and free of air bubbles. In no case shall the total number of gallons of bituminous material allowed for any tank exceed the capacity of the tank as rated by the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, the State Tax Commission, or the Department. 702.03--Heating Bituminous Material . Tanks for heating and storage of bituminous materials shall be capable of heating the ma terial to the specified temperature under effective and positive control at all times. The heating system shall provide uniform heating for the entire contents of the tank. The circulating system shall be of adequate size to ensure proper and continuous circulation of the material during the entire operating period. Suitable means shall be provided, either by steamjacketing or other insulation, for maintaining the specified temperature of the bituminous material in the lines, meters, weigh buckets, spray bars, and other containers or flow lines. Thermometers of approved type and adequate range, calibrated in 5ºF increments, shall be located at points readily visible. These thermometers shall be kept clean and in good condition at all times. Where storage tanks are required, the capacity sha ll be sufficient for at least one day's run. The heating of bituminous materials shall be rigidly maintained at the "lowest workable temperature."

702.04 Sampling. Sampling of bituminous materials shall be as set out in AASHTO T

40.

702.05 Petroleum Asphalt Cement. Asphalt cement shall be homogeneous, free of water

and shall not foam when heated to a temperature of 175°C. Except for use in asphalt pavements, asphalt cement of the grade specified shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 702.12, Table I or II. Bituminous material conforming to AASHTO M 320, Grade PG 58-28 may be used in lieu of petroleum asphalt cement, Grade AC-10. The bituminous material used in all types of asphalt mixtures shall conform to AASHTO M 320, Performance Grade PG 67-22, as m odified in the table below, except that Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) may be used at low dosage rates as a modifier to enhance the physical properties of a base binder to meet the requirements for Performance Grade PG 67-22. In addition, PPA may be used as a catalyst or mixing agent at low dosage rates in the production of Polymer Modified, Performance Grade PG 76-22. When PPA is used as a modifier, in no case shall the PPA modifier be used to adjust the physical properties of the binder a full binder grade. For example: the base binder (unmodified) is graded as a PG 64-22 and shoul d only be modified by the addition of PPA to a modified binder grade of PG 67-22. When petroleum asphalt cement is modified by PPA, the following dosage limits shall be applied. Grade Dosage Limit PG 67-22 0.75% by weight of binder PG 76-22 0.50% by weight of binder Specifications For Performan ce Graded Asphalt Binders Not Addressed By AASHTO M 320 Grade Property PG 67-22 Specification Test Method, AASHTO Original Binder Flash Point Temperature minimum 230°C T 48 Rotational Viscosity maximum 3 Pa•s @ 135°C T 316 Dynamic Shear, G*/sin  minimum 1.00 kPa @ 67°C T 315 Rolling Thin Film Oven Residue (AASHTO T 240) Mass Loss (RTFO) maximum 1.00 % T 240 Dynamic Shear, G*/ sin  minimum 2.20 kPa @ 67°C T 315 Pressure Aging Vessel Residue (AASHTO R 28) Dynamic Shear, G* sin  maximum 5000 kPa @ 26.5°C T 315 Creep Stiffness, S maximum 300 MPa @ -12°C T 313 m-value minimum 0.300 @ -12°C T 313 The bituminous material used in polymer modified asphalt mixtures shall conform to AASHTO M 320, Grade PG 76-22 or PG 82-22. Unless otherwise indicated in the contract, Grade PG 76-22 will be used in polymer modified asphalt mixtures. Asphalt cement Grade PG 76-22 & PG 82-22 shall be the product resulting from the addition of a polymer modifier to a PG 67-22 or lower grade asphalt cement and not by some other refining technique. The polymer shall meet the requirements of Subsection

702.08 3.

702.06 Cutback Asphalts . Cutback asphalt shall consist of a liquid asphalt produced by

the fluxing of an asphaltic base with a suitable distillate. It shall be of uniform consistency, free of water, and shall show no separation or curdling prior to use. In addition, cutback asphalt shall conform to the following requirements:  Rapid-Curing Cutback Asphalt: AASHTO M 81.  Medium-Curing Cutback Asphalt: AASHTO M 82. The standard naphtha solvent shall be used when the spot test is performed.

702.07 Emulsified Asphalt . Emulsified asphalt shall be homogeneous, showing no

separation of asphalt, limits for settlement excep ted, after thorough mixing, within 30 days after delivery. Emulsified asphalts that have been subjected to freezing temperatures while in storage shall be retested and acceptance of the material sh all be based on the results of such retest. Emulsified asphalts, of the grade specified, shall conform to the following requirements:  Emulsified Primes shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 702.12, Table III.  Anionic and Cationic Emulsion shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 140 and AASHTO M 208, respectively, with the following exceptions. The required tests on residue may be performed on residue obtained by evaporation at 325°F., three hours, 50 grams, after filte ring through a No. 50 sieve; however, in the event of the failure of any test performed on this residue, the emulsion shall be distilled and the test repeated on the residue so obtained. LockDown (LD-7) and CQS-1h shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 702.12, Table V.

702.07.1 Blank.

702.07.2 Blank.

702.07.3 Polymer Modified Cationic Emulsified Asphalt (CRS-2P). Polymer

Modified Cationic Emulsified Asphalt shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 316.

702.07.4 Ground Tire Rubber Modified Cati onic Emulsified Asphalt (CRS-2TR).

Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) Modified Cationic Emulsified Asphalt shall conform to the requirements of Subsection 702.12, Table VI. The GTR particle size shall have a 30 Mesh maximum. The metal content in the Ground Tire Rubber shall not exceed 0.01%.

702.08 Asphalt Additives .

702.08.1 Asphalt Antistrip Additives . The antistrip additive shall meet the following

properties:

702.08.2 Silicone . When specified or permitted, silicone with a viscosity of 1,000

centistokes at 77°F shall be added to the asphalt cement at the rate of one ounce per 5,000 gallons.

702.08.3 Polymers. The polymer shall be a Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS), a Styrene

Butadiene Rubber (SBR) or an equal approved by the Engineer. The polymer shall be thoroughly blended with the asphalt cement at the refinery or terminal prior to shipment to the hot-mix plant. Producers of polymer modi fied asphalt cement must be listed on the Department’s APL of Polymer Modified Asphalt Cement. The producer of the polymer modified asphalt cement shall perform or have performed by an approved laboratory all tests contained in AASHTO M 320 on a lot basis. A lot shall consist of one (1) refinery or terminal storage tank not to ex ceed 225,000 gallons. The Produc er shall furnish two copies of a certified test report (one copy for the Contractor and one copy for the Department Representative) with each shipment. A third copy of the certified test report shall be mailed to the State Materials Engineer. The certifie d test report shall contain the following:

702.09 Blank.

702.10 Blank.

702.11 Application Temperatures . Bituminous materials for the several applications

indicated in the specifications shall be app lied within the temperature ranges shown in Subsection 702.12, Table IV.

702.12 Tables .

TABLE I SPECIFICATIONS FOR ASPHALT CEMENT (PETROLEUM) *AC-5 AC-10 **AC-13 TEST Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Viscosity @ 140°F, poises 400 600 800 1200 Viscosity @ 275°F, Cs 175 -- 240 -- Penetration @ 32°F 25 Penetration @ 77°F, 100g, 5 sec. 140 -- 80 -- 65 90 Penetration @ 115°F 325 Flash Point COC, °F 400 -- 425 -- 450 -- Solubility in Trichloroethylene 99.0 -- 99.0 -- 99.0 -- Residue from Thin-Film Oven Test: Viscosity, 140°F, poises Ductility, 77°F, 5 cm per min., cm. % Loss on Heating -- -- -- 1.0 -- -- -- 0.5 -- -- 0.5 Specific Gravity @ 60°F/60°F 1.00 Spot Test: Standard Naphtha Solvent Negative for all Grades*** Softening Point, °F (R & B) 110 NOTES: * When cut-back asphalt cement is to be produced as specified in Subsection 702.06, this material shall be the base asphalt. ** This is an asphaltic material used primarily for sealing joints and cracks. *** If positive, the test must be rerun with a solution of 75% naphtha and 25% xylene. TABLE II SPECIFICATIONS FOR ASPHALT CEMENT (PETROLEUM) AC-20 AC-30 AC-40 TEST Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Viscosity @ 140°F (60°C), poises 1600 2400 2400 3600 3200 -- Viscosity @ 275°F (135°C), Cs 300 -- 350 -- 350 Penetration @ 32°F (0°C) -- Penetration @ 77°F (25°C) 100g, 5 sec. 60 -- 50 -- 40 -- Penetration @ 115°F (46°C) Flash Point COC, °F 450 -- 450 -- 450 -- Solubility in Trichloroethylene 99.0 -- 99.0 -- 99.0 -- Residue from Thin-Film Oven Test: Viscosity, 140°F (60°C), poises Ductility, 77°F (25°C), 5 cm / min., cm. % Loss on Heating -- -- -- 0.5 -- -- 13500 -- 0.5 -- -- 18000 -- 0.5 Specific Gravity @ 60°F/60°F Spot Test: Standard Naphtha Solvent Negative for all Grades* Softening Point, °F (R & B) NOTES: * If positive, the test must be rerun with a solution of 75% naphtha and 25% xylene. TABLE III SPECIFICATION FOR EA-1 PRIME Test Requirements Minimum Maximum Furol Viscosity @ 122°F 30 100 Water Content Xylene Distillation, % 3 8 Test on Residue from Distillation Ductility @ 77°F, cms. 40 Solubility in Trichloroethylene, % 97.0 Asphalt Cement, % of Total Primer 50.0 Penetration @ 77°F, 100 g., 5 sec. 80 300 SPECIFICATION FOR AE-P PRIME Test Requirements Min. Max. AASHTO Test Method 25°C SFS Viscosity, sec. 10 50 T-59 5-Day Settlement, % -- 5 T-59 Total Distillate, % weight -- 55 T-59 Oil Distillate, % volume -- 12 T-59 Tests on Residue from Distillation: Distillation to 500°F (AASHTO T-59) 60°C Float Test, sec. 20 -- T-50 Solubility in TCE, % 97.5 -- T-44 TABLE IV WORKING TEMPERATURES FO R BITUMINOUS MATERIALS Temperature, °F Bituminous Materials Spraying Mixing Min. Max. Min. Max. Asphalt All Cements 275 350 225 350 Cutback Asphalts RC & MC 30 80 150 60 105 70 80 150 95 140 250 100 200 135 175 800 195 270 165 205 3000 235 300 200 240 TABLE V SPECIFICATION FOR FOG SEAL LD-7 CBC-1h Test Requirements Min. Max. Min. Max. Test Method Viscosity, Saybolt Furol, @ 25°C, Sec. 10 100 10 100 AASHTO T 72 Storage Stability Test, 24 hr, % - 1 - 1 AASHTO T 59 Settlement, 5 day, % - 5 - - AASHTO T 59 Particle Charge - - Positive AASHTO T 59 Oil Distillate, % - 1 - - AASHTO T 59 Sieve Test, % * - 0.3 - 0.1 AASHTO T 59 Residue by Distillation, % 40 - 50 - AASHTO T 59 Test on Residue from Distillation Penetration @ 25°C - 20 - - AASHTO T 49 Dynamic Shear, G*sin δ @ 67°C, kPa 1 - 1 AASHTO T 315 Softening Point, °C 65 - - - ASTM D 36 Solubility in trichloroethylene, % 97.5 - 97.5 - AASHTO T 44 Ductility @ 25°C, cm - - 40 - AASHTO T 51 Original DSR @ 82° (G*/Sin δ, 10 rad/sec) 1 - - - AASHTO T 111 * The Sieve result is tested for reporting purposes only and may be waived if no application problems are present in the field. TABLE VI SPECIFICATION FOR CATI ONIC RAPID SETTING EMULSIFIED ASPHALT (CRS) Property AASHTO Test Method CRS-2TR Min Max Viscosity, Saybolt Furol T 72 122°F, sec. 150 500 Sieve test, % T 59 – 0.1 Demulsibility, 35 ml of 0.8% sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, % T 59 40 – Storage stability, 1 day, % T 59 – 1 Particle charge T 59 Positive Distillation test:1 T 59 Residue by distillation, % by weight 65 – Oil distillate, % by volume of emulsion – 3 Tests on residue from distillation: Modifier Type Tire Rubber Modifier content, wt. % (solids basis) 5.0 – Penetration, 77°F, 100 g, 5 sec. T 49 90 150 Solubility in trichloroethylene, % T 44 98 – Ductility, 77°F, 5 cm/min., cm T 51 40 – Ductility, 39.2°F, 5 cm/min., cm T 51 – – Force Ratio, (f2/f1) Elastic Recovery, % Force Ratio T 51 SECTION 703 - AGGREGATES

703.01 General . All aggregate sources shall be approved by the Department prior to use.

All approved aggregate source s will be re-examined periodically for conformance to the quality requirements set herein. The term "thin or elongated piece" is intended to mean a piece whose length is more than five times its average thickness. Suspected pieces will be chosen from a representative sample, and the length and average thickness will be determined visually. The term "fractured face" is intended to mean that the approximate ar ea of a fractured face shall not be less than the approximate cross-sectional area at the minor axis of the particle. This area will be visually determined. A pi ece of aggregate with a small chipped area will not be considered as crushed.