717Structural Steel

717.01Structural Steel

.1--General. Steel shall be furnished according to the specifications in this section

Unless otherwise specified, structural carbon st eel shall be furnished. Steels other than those required herein may be specified on the plans. When steel is used in welded construction, the welding procedure shall be suitable for the steel and the intended service.

.2--Requirements for Structural Steel. Structural steel sha ll meet the applicable

AASHTO and ASTM Standards, which sha ll include the Supplementary Bend Test Requirement and the following Charpy V-Notch Requirements for minimum service temperature 0°F and above: ASTM DESIGNATION THICKNESS & FABRICATION MINIMUM CHARPY V-NOTCH ENERGY @ TEMPERATURE A 36 *A 588 *A 588 *A 588 *A 572 *A 572 *A 572 A 514 A 514 A 514 A 852 A 852 A 852 Up to 4" Up to 4" Mechanically Fastened Up to 2" Welded Over 2" to 4" Welded Up to 4" Mechanically Fastened Up to 2" Welded Over 2" to 4" Welded Up to 4" Mechanically Fastened Up to 2½" Welded Over 2½" to 4" Welded Up to 4" Mechanically Fastened Up to 2½" Welded Over 2½" to 4" Welded 15 ft. lb. @ 70°F 15 ft. lb. @ 70°F 15 ft. lb. @ 70°F 20 ft. lb. @ 70°F 15 ft. lb. @ 70°F 15 ft. lb. @ 70°F 20 ft. lb. @ 70°F 25 ft. lb. @ 30°F 25 ft. lb. @ 30°F 35 ft. lb. @ 30°F 20 ft. lb. @ 50°F 20 ft. lb. @ 50°F 25 ft. lb. @ 50°F * If the yield strength of the material excee ds 65 ksi, the temperature for the CVN value for acceptability will be reduced 15°F for each increment or fraction thereof of 10 ksi above 65 ksi. The procedure for sampling and testing shall be in accordance with ASTM A 673. The 827 Section 717 Section 717

A 514 which shall be in accordance with the (P) Frequency of Piece Testing. If ASTM A 517 steel is used in lieu of A 514, the sampling and testing requirements shall be the same as the A 514 of equal thickness.

.3--Structural Carbon Steel . Structural carbon steel for bolted and welded

construction shall be in accordance with ASTM A 36.

.4--Eyebars. Steel for eyebars shall be a weldable grade. These grades include

structural steel conforming to:

to four inches (4") thick, ASTM A 588 with supplementary requirements for Charpy V-Notch mandatory.

.5--High Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel. High-Strength Low-Alloy

Structural Steel shall conform to:

ASTM A 572.

to four inches (4") thick, ASTM A 588.

.6--High Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel for Welding. High-Strength Low-

Alloy Structural Steel for welding shall conform to:

ASTM A 572, Grade 50.

to four inches (4") thick, ASTM A 588.

.7--High-Strength Structural Steel for Bolted Construction . High-Strength

Structural Steel for bolted construction shall conform to:

ASTM A 572, Grade 50.

to four inches (4") thick, ASTM A 588.

.8--High-Yield-Strength, Quenched, and T empered Alloy Steel Plate . High-

Yield-Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate shall conform to:

welding, ASTM A 514.

ASTM A 517.

.9--Weathering Structural Steel. Where indicated on the plans, material

designated as A709, Grade HPS70W shall be high-strength, low-allow, quenched and 828 Section 717 Section 717 tempered structural steel plate meeting the requirements of ASTM A709 including the supplemental requirement S83 for Non-Fracture Critical material. The Contractor is advised that quenched and tempered steel plates are limited to a fifty (50) feet maximum delivery length from United States mills. Non-quenched and tempered Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Processed (TMCP) HPS70W material may be directly substituted for material up to two (2) inches, provided that the chemistry of the TMCP plate is identical to Quenched and Tempered HPS70W and that the TMCP plate meets the minimum mechani cal properties for Quenched and Tempered HPS70W steel listed below. MINIMUM MATERIAL PROPERTIES Type High Strength, Low-Alloy, Quenched and Tempered Steel ASTM Designation A709, Grade HPS70W Thickness To 4” Tensile Strength, Fu 85-110 ksi Minimum Yield Strength, Fy 70 ksi The A709 HPS70W material shall meet the longitudinal Charpy V-notch requirements of Zone 1 for Non-Fracture Critical material. All other steel shall meet the requiremen ts of ASTM A709 Grade 50W. All field connections shall be made using ASTM A325, Type 3 High Strength bolts. Nuts shall be heavy hex and shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A563, Grade DH3. Washers shall conform to the requirements of ASTM F436, Type 3.

.10--Acceptance Procedure . Structural Steel shall be accepted on the basis of

manufacturer's certified test reports. The Contractor shall furnish the Engineer with three copies of the certified test reports.

717.02Fasteners. Fasteners for structural steel jo ints shall conform to the ASTM

specifications with revisions, as specified herein.

.1--Plain Finish Fasteners

.1.1--Bolts. Ungalvanized bolts shall meet th e requirements of ASTM A 325 or

ASTM A 490, as specified on the plans.

.1.2--Heavy Hex Nuts. Ungalvanized nuts shall meet the requirements of ASTM

A 194, Grade 2H, or A 563, Grade DH, as specified on the plans.

.1.3--Hardened Washers. Ungalvanized washers sha ll meet the requirements of

ASTM F 436.

.2--Galvanized Fasteners

.2.1--Galvanized Bolts. Bolts shall meet the requirements of ASTM A 325, Type

829 Section 717 Section 717 50. Thickness of zinc coating shall be measured on the wrench flats or top of bolt head.

.2.2--Galvanized Nuts. Nuts shall meet the requirements of ASTM A 563, Grade

DH. Galvanizing shall be in accordance with ASTM A 153, Class C, or ASTM B 695, Class 50. Thickness of zinc coating shall be measured on the wrench flats.

.2.3--Galvanized Washers. Washers shall meet the requirements of ASTM F 436

Galvanizing shall be in accordance with ASTM A 153, Class C, or ASTM B 695, Class 50.

.2.4--Direct Tension Indicators. Direct tension indicators shall meet the

requirements of ASTM F 959 and galvanized in accordance with ASTM B 695, Class 50. Visual indicating paint rupturing DTIs may be permitted if approved by Materials Division.

.3--Revisions to ASTM Specifications

.3.1--ASTM A 325. Hardness for bolt diameters 1/2-inch to 1-inch inclusive shall

have a minimum Rockwell C Hardness Number of 24 and a maximum Rockwell C Hardness Number of 33.

.3.2--ASTM A 563 . Nuts that are to be galvanized shall be tapped oversize the

minimum amount required for proper assembly. The amount of overtap in the nut shall be such that the nut will assemble freely on the bolt in the coated condition and shall meet the rotational-capacity test set out in Subsection 717.02.3.4. The overtapping requirements of ASTM A 563, Subsection 7.4, shall be considered maximum values instead of minimum, as currently shown. Galvanized nuts shall be lubricated with a lubricant containing a dye of any color that contrasts with the color of the galvanizing.

.3.3--ASTM F 606

.3.3.1--Bolts. Proof load tests shall be performed in accordance with Method 1,

Length Measurement. Minimum frequency of tests shall be as specified in ASTM A 325 for "Production Lot Method." Wedge tests on full size bolts are required. If bolts are to be galvanized, the tests shall be performed after galvanizing. Minimum frequency of tests shall be as specified in ASTM A 325, "Production Lot Method."

.3.3.2--Nuts. Proof load tests shall be performed in accordance with ASTM: F 606,

Subsection 4.2. If nuts are to be galvanized , tests shall be performed after galvanizing, overtapping and lubricating.

.3.3.3--Washers. If galvanized washers are supplied, hardness testing shall be

performed after galvanizing. The coating shall be removed prior to taking hardness measurements.

.3.4--Rotational-Capacity Testing of Assemblies . Rotational-capacity tests are

required and shall be performed on all black or galvanized bolt, nut and washer assemblies 830 Section 717 Section 717 by the manufacturer or distributor prior to shipping. Tests on galvanized bolts and hardware shall be performed after galvanizing. Washers are required as part of the test even though they may not be required as part of the installation procedure. Except as modified herein, the rotational-capacity test shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A 325. The following shall apply:

an assembly. Where washers are not required by the installation procedures, they need not be included in the lot identification.

tested.

lot.

Calibrator or an acceptable equivalent device. For short bolts that are too short to be assembled in the Skidmore-Wilhelm Calibrator see (h) below.

load), shall be: 240°, 2/3 turn, for bolt lengths < 4 diameters 360°, 1 turn, for bolt lengths > 4 diameters and < 8 diameters 480°, 1 1/3 turn, for bolt lengths > 8 diameters

times the required installation tension. The installation tension and the tension for the turn test are shown below: Diameter, inches 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 Required Installation Tension, kips 12 19 28 39 51 56 71 85 103 Turn Test Tension, kips 14 22 32 45 59 64 82 98 118

of tension and torque shall be taken and recorded. The torque value shall conform to the following: Torque < 0.25 PD Where: Torque = measured torque, foot-pounds P = measured bolt tension, pounds D = bolt diameter, feet

steel joint. The tension requirement of (f) above need not apply. The maximum torque requirement of (g) above shall be computed using a value of P equal to the turn test tension shown in the table in (f) above.

.4--Reporting. The results of all tests, including zinc coating thickness, required

herein and in the appropriate ASTM specifications shall be recorded on the appropriate document. The location where tests are performed and the date of tests shall be reported 831 Section 717 Section 717 on the appropriate document. The manufacturer or distributor that performs the test shall certify that the results recorded are accurate. The manufacturer shall certify that the steel and the assembly components are domestic products.

.5--Documentation

.5.1--Mill Test Report(s) (MTR). MTR shall be furnished for all mill steel used in

the manufacture of the bolts, nuts, and washers. MTR shall indicate the place where the

material was melted and manufactured.

.5.2--Manufacturer Certified Test Report(s) (MCTR). The manufacturer of the

bolts, nuts, and washers shall furnish the Department three copies of test reports (MCTR)

for the items furnished. Each MCTR shall have the appropriate MTR attached. Each

MCTR shall contain the information required in Subsection 717.02.4.

The manufacturer performing the rotational-capacity test shall include on the MCTR the

following:

and the appropriate ASTM specifications.

.5.3--Distributor Certified Test Report(s) (DCTR). The following shall be

applicable for DCTR:

manufacturer and reported on the DCTR.

and the appropriate ASTM specifications.

.6--Shipping. Bolts, nuts and washers, where required, from each rotational-

capacity lot shall be shipped in the same container. If there is only one production lot

number for each size of nut and washer, the nuts and washers may be shipped in separate

containers. Each container shall be permanently marked with the rotational-capacity lot

number such that identification will be possible at any stage prior to installation.

Three copies of the appropriate MTR, MCTR or DCTR shall be furnished to the

Department.

.7--Final Acceptance. Final acceptance of high strength bolts, nuts, washers and

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Section 717 Section 717

direct tension indicators will be based on tests performed on samples obtained from the

project by the Department. Tests will be performed in accordance with the procedures set

out in these specifications. A lot shall be defined as each shipment to a project from the

manufacturer's lot number and of the same size and length. The integrity of each lot shall

be maintained until tests are completed by the Department.

Each lot of bolts, shall be sampled as follows:

Lot Size Sample Size

150 or less 2

151 to 280 4

281 to 500 6

501 to 1,200 10

1,201 to 3,200 16

3,201 to 10,000 26

10,001 and over 40

Note: One-half of the sampled bolts will be used for tensile testing and the other one-

half will be tested for coating and/or hardness.

Each lot of nuts or washers shall be sampled as follows:

Lot Size Sample Size

800 or less 1

801 to 8,000 2

8,001 to 22,000 3

22,001 and over 5

Note: The sample size shall be doubled when galvanized nuts or washers are specified

or used.

Each lot of direct tension indicators shall be sampled as follows:

Lot Size Sample Size

35,000 or less 16

35,001 to 250,000 26

250,001 and over 32

Direct tension indicators shall be tested in accordance with ASTM F 959. One-half of the

samples will be tested in compression and the remaining one-half will be tested for coating.

717.03Copper Bearing Steels. When copper bearing steel is specified, the steel shall

contain not less than 0.2 percent copper.

717.04Welded Stud Shear Connectors. Shear connector studs shall conform to the

requirements of Cold Finished Carbon Steel Bars and Shafting, ASTM A 108, Cold-Drawn

Bars, Grades 1015, 1018, or 1020, either semi or fully killed. If flux retaining caps are

used, the steel for the caps shall be of a low carbon grade suitable for welding and shall

comply with Cold-Rolled Carbon Steel Strip, ASTM A 109.

Tensile properties as determined by tests of bar stock after drawing or of finished studs

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Section 717 Section 717

shall conform to the following requirements:

Tensile Strength, minimum .................................. 60,000

Yield Strength*, minimum .................................. 50,000

Elongation, minimum .......................................... 20% in 2 inches

Reduction of area, minimum ............................... 50%

* As determined by a 0.2 percent offset method.

Tensile properties shall be determined in accordance with the applicable sections of ASTM

A 370, Mechanical Testing of Steel Products. Tensile tests of finished studs shall be made

on studs welded to test plates. If fracture occurs outside of the middle half of the gage

length, the test shall be repeated.

Finished studs shall be uniform quality and condition, free from injurious laps, fins, seams,

cracks, twists, bends, or other injurious defects. Finish shall be as produced by cold

drawing, cold rolling, or machining.

The manufacturer shall certify that the studs as delivered are in accordance with the

material requirements of this section. Certified copies of in-plant quality control test

reports shall be furnished to the Engineer upon request.

The Engineer may select, at the Contractor's expense, studs of each type and size used

under the contract, as necessary for checking the requirements of this section.

717.05Steel Grid Flooring

.1--Steel. All steel shall conform to the Specification for Structural Steel of the

ASTM A 36, ASTM A 572, Grade 50, or ASTM A 588. Unless the material is galvanized,

it shall have a copper content of 0.2 percent.

717.06Pins and Rollers. Steel for pins and rollers shall conform to the designations

listed in Tables I and II below.

Pins and rollers shall be accurately turned to the dimensions shown on the drawings and

shall be straight, smooth, and free from flaws. Pins and rollers more than nine inches in

diameter shall be forged rollers and annealed. Pins and rollers nine inches or less in

diameter may be either forged and annealed or cold-finished carbon-steel shafting.

In pins larger than nine inches in diameter, a hole not less than two inches in diameter

shall be bored full length along the axis after the forging has been allowed to cool to a

temperature below the critical range, under suitable conditions to prevent injury by too

rapid cooling, and before being annealed.. 834 Section 717 Section 717 835