435 SECTION 834
834.01 Structural Steel
A.Structural Carbon Steel Use structural carbon steel that meets AASHTO M 270, Grade 36.
B.High Strength, Low Alloy Steel Use high strength, low alloy steel that meets AASHTO M 270, Grade 50.
C.High Strength, Low Alloy Structural Steel (Weathering) Use high strength, low alloy structural steel that meets AASHTO M 270, Grade 50W. Supply steel from a single source.
D.High Strength Steel Plate. Use high strength steel plate that meets AASHTO M 270, Grade HPS 100W.
E.Structural Steel for Pins and Rollers. Use structural steel for pins and rollers 9 inches or less in diameter that meets either AASHTO M 102, Class C, D, F, or G; or AASHTO M 169, Grades 1016 to 1030.
834.02 Cast Metal
A.Gray Iron Castings Use gray iron castings that meet AASHTO M 105, Class 35 B.
B.Malleable Castings. Use malleable casting that meet ASTM A 47, Grade No. 35018.
C.Ductile Iron Castings Use ductile iron castings that meet ASTM A 536, Grade 60-40-18.
834.03 Bolts, Nuts, and Washers
A.General.
1.Documentation. For bolts, nuts, and washers, in addition to submitting a certificate of compliance as specified in Section 106.01, C “Certificate of Compliance” , submit the following:
a.A mill test report that states the melting and manufacturing location for mill steel used in the manufacture of bolts, nuts, and washers;
b.A report that states the lot numbers and manufacturing location for the components; and
c.A test report that includes the location where the tests were performed and complete results for all required tests. 436 2. Rotational Capacity Testing of Assemblies. Perform the rotational capacity test according to ASTM F 3125 Grade A 325, except as modified by this specification.
a.General. Perform rotational capacity tests on all bolt, nut, and washer assemblies before shipping. If galvanized parts are required, perform the rotational capacity test after galvanization. Washers are required as part of the tests even if the final assembly does not r equire washers.
b.Assemblies. Test each combination of bolt lot, nut lot, and washer lot as an assembly.
c.Rotational Capacity Lot Numbers. Assign each combination of lots a rotational capacity lot number. Washers do not need to be identified as part of the assembly lot if they are not required in the final assembly.
d.Testing Frequency. Test a minimum of two assemblies per rotational capacity lot.
e.Testing Device. Use a Skidmore-Wilhelm Calibrator, or an approved alternate, to perform the rotational capacity tests. Test bolts that are too short for the Skidmore-Wilhelm Calibrator in a steel joint. The tension requirements of Table 834-02 do not apply. Compute the maximum torque required in Section 834.03 A.2.g, “Results” using a value of “P” equal to the Turn Test Tension in Table 834-02.
f.Performance of the Test. The minimum rotation from initial tightening (10 percent of the specified proof load) shall be as specified in Table 834-01. Table 834 -01 Bolt Length Amount of Turn Length ≥ 4 diameters 240 degrees (2/3 turn) 4 diameters < Length ≤ 8 diameters 360 degrees (1 turn) Length > 8 diameters 480 degrees (1 -1/3 turn) The tension reached at the rotation specified in Table 834-01 shall be equal to values for the Turn Test Tension shown in Table 834-02. 437 Table 834 -02 Diameter (in) 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 Installation Tension (kips) 12 19 28 39 51 56 71 85 103 Turn Test Tension (kips) 12 22 32 45 59 64 82 98 118
g.Results. After exceeding the Installation Tension specified in Table 834-02, obtain and record a reading of the tension and torque. The maximum torque (T) shall be equal to 0.25 the measured bolt tension (P) and the bolt diameter (D): T (foot pounds) ≤ 0.25 × P(pounds) × D(feet)
3.Shipping. Ship bolts, nuts, and washers from each rotational -capacity lot in the same container. If there is only one production lot number for each size of nut and washer, the nuts and washers may be shipped in separate containers. Permanently mark each container with the rotational -capacity lot number such that identification will be possible at any stage before installation.
B.Unfinished Regular Bolts and Nuts. Use unfinished regular bolts and nuts that meet ASTM A 307.
C.High Tensile Strength Bolts. Use bolts that meet ASTM F 3125 Grade A 325. When testing the thickness of galvanization on bolts, take measurements on the wrench flats or top of the bolt.
D.High Tensile Strength Nuts. Use nuts that meet AS TM A 563, Grade C, D, C3, DH, or DH3 or AASHTO M 292, Grade 2 or 2H. When galvanized nuts are specified, use galvanized nuts that meet the requirements of ASTM A 563, Grade DH or DH3 or AASHTO M 292 Grade 2H. Perform tests on nuts after over tapping and after the application of galvanizing and lubricant. When testing the thickness of galvanization on nuts, obtain measurements on the wrench flats. Regardless of surface finish, use nuts that meet the requirements of ASTM A 563 Supplementary requirements S1, S2, and S3.
E.High Tensile Strength Washers. Use washers that meet ASTM F 436. If galvanized washers are specified, perform hardness testing after galvanizing. Remove coating before taking hardness measurements. 438 F. Direct Tension Indicators. Use direct tension indicators that meet ASTM F 959. Section 836 439 SECTION 836 REINFORCING STEEL, DOWEL BARS, AND TIE BARS
836.01 General
Tag all material delivered to the project site with a metal or plastic tag showing the manufacturer’s heat number. Place the heat numbers on the tag in one of the following manners: − Embossed numbers; − Printed using waterproof ink; or − Engraved numbers.
836.02 Reinforcing Steel
A.Deformed and Plain Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement. Use deformed and plain bars that meet AASHTO M 31, Grade 40 or 60. If epoxy coated bars are specified, use bars that have been coated as specified in ASTM A 775.
B.Welded Deformed Steel Bar Mats for Concrete Reinforcement. For concrete rei nforcement, use fabricated steel bar or rod mats that meet AASHTO M 54, Grade 40 or 60.
836.03 Wire Reinforcement
A.Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Deformed, for Concrete. Use welded deformed steel wire reinforcement that meets AASHTO M 221.
B.Steel Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain, for Concrete. Use welded steel wire reinforcement that meets AASHTO M 55.
C.Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete Reinforcement. Use deformed steel wire for concrete reinforcement that meets AASHTO M 225.
D.Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement. For concrete reinforcement, use cold drawn steel wire that meets AASHTO M 32.
E.Steel Strand, Uncoated Seven-Wire for Concrete Reinforcement. Use pre-tensioning steel that meets AASHTO M 203.
836.04 Dowel Bars for Pavement Joints
A.General. Use dowels that meet the requirements of AASHTO M 31 or M 322. Use dowels that are epoxy coated as specified in ASTM A 775, except exposed ends resulting from saw cutting or shearing do not need to be patched. Saw cut or shear dowels to the required length and clean the dowels to remove all cutting burrs, loose mill scale, rust, grease, and oil. If dowels are sheared, variation of the bars from true round shape shall not exceed 0.04 inches in diameter or thickness and any variation shall not extend more than 0.04 inches from the sheared end.
Source: North Dakota Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2022 Edition. Pages 470–473 of 550.