632RETROREFLECTIVE PAVEMENT MARKINGS

New Hampshire Department of Transportation Standard Specifications – 2016 Description

1.1This work shall consist of furnishing, placing and removing white or yellow retroreflective paint pavement markings,

preformed retroreflective tape pavement markings, retroreflective thermoplastic pavement markings at locations shown on the plans or as ordered. Materials

2.1Traffic Paint.

Traffic paint shall be prequalified for use. To prequalify a product, manufacturers shall supply a sample from each lot manufactured to the Bureau of Materials and Research for verification testing. Acceptable lots wil l be included on the Traffic Paint Batch List available at and maintained by the Bureau of Materials and Research. Final acceptance will be subject to testing of materials sample at the project. Each batch of paint delivered to the project shall be accom panied by a document issued by the supplier identifying the manufacturer, product, batch number and date of manufacture. Field sampling will be performed in accordance with NHDOT Test Procedure C1.

2.2Glass Beads.

2.2.1 Glass beads shall conform to AASHTO M 247 and shall be Type 1 with a moisture resistant coating. 2.2.1 Glass beads shall not contain more than 200 parts per million arsenic or lead. A certificate of compliance, as required by 106.04, shall be provided to the Engineer upon delivery of the material to the project. The certificate of compliance from the manufacturer shall include the process, batch or lot number(s); corresponding date(s) of manufacturer; and a statement of the actual levels of arsenic and lead.

2.3Permanent Tape.

2.3.1 Preformed retroreflective pavement marking tape for extended service life shall conform to ASTM D 4505, Retroreflectivity Level I or II, Adhesive Class 2 or 3, Skid Resistance Level A or B. Level I tape should be used when no external lighting source (i.e. overhead lighting) is present and Level II markings should be used when an external lighting source is present. The tape shall be a product listed on the Qualified Products List.

2.4Temporary Tape.

2.4.1 Retroreflective preformed pavement marking tape for limited service life shall conform to ASTM D 4592 Type I

and Type II tapes should be used when the required service life of the tape is less than three months and can be left in place due to pavement overlay or other similar activity. Type I and II tapes shall have a minimum skid resistance of 45 BPN. 2.4.1.1 Type I shall be a product listed on the Qualified Products List. Type II Tape shall be approved by the Engineer 2.4.2 Blackout pavement marking ta pe shall conform to ASTM D 4592 Type I (Removable), except that the material shall be matte black and not be retroreflective. The tape shall be a product listed on the Qualified Products List.

2.5Preformed Thermoplastic.

2.5.1 Preformed thermoplastic material shall be composed of a resin resistant to degradation by motor fuels, lubricants etc. In conjunction with aggregates, pigments, binders, and glass beads which have been factory produced as a finished product. The thermoplastic material shall conform to AASHTO M249 with the exception of the relevant differences due to the material being supplied n a preformed state such as during time and flowability tests. 2.5.2 Preformed thermoplastic material shall have factory applied surface beads in addition to the intermixed beads at a rate of 10 pounds per 100 square feet of markings. It also shall contain a minimum of thirty percent (30%) intermixed graded glass beads by weight. 2.5.3 The surface, with properly applied and embedded surface beads, shall provide a minimum resistance value of 45 PN when tested according to ASTM E 303. 2.5.4 The material shall be applied at a thickness of 80 mils.

2.6Extruded.

2.6.1 Thermoplastic material shall be homogeneously composed of pigment, filler, resins and glass beads. The pre-mix glass beads shall be uniformly distributed throughout the entire thickness of material. The material, when applied in accordance w ith the manufacturer's recommended p rocedures, shall be capable of resisting deformation by traffic. The material shall be tested in accordance with AASHTO T250 requirements. New Hampshire Department of Transportation Standard Specifications – 2016 2.6.2 The binder shall be either alkyd or hydrocarbon conforming to AASHTO M249. If an alkyd thermoplastic is used, the binder shall consist of synthetic resins, at least one of which is solid at room temperature and high -boiling point plasticizers. At least 1/3 of the binder compositions shall be a maleic-modified glycerol ester resin and shall be at least 10% by weight of the total composition. 2.6.3 Thermoplastic material shall not deteriorate by contact with sodium chloride, calcium chloride or other chemicals used to prevent roadway ice. The material shall also not deteriorate because of the oil content of pavem ent materials or from oil droppings or other effects of traffic. 2.6.4 Material, when formed into pavement markings, shall be readily renewable by placing an overlay of the same material directly over the old markings. The new material shall bond itself to the old markings in such a manner that no splitting or separation takes place.

2.7Pavement Marking Recess. Recessed pavement markings shall be installed as specified for permanent markings. The

recess shall be uniform in depth across the entire width. Construction Requirements

3.1General.

3.1.1 All pavement markings of the type specified shall be applied at the locations shown on the plans or as ordered, and shall be in accordance with the MUTCD and the NHDOT Standard Plans. Traffic control operations in conjunction with placing markings shall conform to 619 and the Traffic Control Plan. 3.1.1.1 The Contractor shall establish the base line points at 50 ft. intervals on curves and 100 ft. intervals on tangent sections throughout the length of pavement to be marked under this section from the Department provided control points. All other pavement markings shall be applied according to the physical pavement layout provided. The Contract or shall provide the pavement marking layout on the final wearing course pavement to the Engineer at least 3 working days prior to installation of the permanent pavement markings unless otherwise permitted. 3.1.1.2 Whenever existing pavement marking patterns are to be obscured and later restored, the Contractor shall take detailed measurements of all existing pavement markings to permit the Contractor to accurately prepare drawings to reproduce those patterns. Reproduced markings shall be placed in the cor rect location laterally to reflect the intended lane and shoulder widths as specified in the Contract or as directed. The Contractor shall also perform a good quality videotape survey showing all pavement markings in each direction of travel with appropriate audio description of location and direction. The drawings and videotape shall be submitted to the Engineer prior to obscuring any pavement markings on the project. 3.1.1.3 The Contract Administrator shall be notified of the day and time of the pavemen t markings application a minimum of 48 hours prior to the application unless otherwise approved. This notification must be acknowledged. No payment will be made for materials placed without proper notification. 3.1.1.4 In the event the Contractor cannot place pavement markings per 619.3.3 and NHDOT Work Zone Traffic Control Standard Plans, the Bureau of Traffic shall be notified a minimum of 48 hours befor e the end of this period in order to apply applicable pavement markings. No item payment will be made and a callout charge of $2,500.00 plus $500.00 per mile of striping for this application will be deducted from money due the Contractor. In case of cancellation or the Contractor placing the pavement markings after notification, the callout charge will apply unless the Bureau of Traffic is notified by telephone at least 24 hours prior to the event. 3.1.2 Longitudinal lines placed on tangent roadway segments shall be straight and true. Longitudinal lines placed on curves shall be continuous smoothly curved lines consistent with roadway alignment. All pavement markings placed shall meet the tolerance limits shown on the plans. 3.1.3 Broken lines shall consist of 10 ft. line segmen ts with 30 ft. gaps and shall meet the tolerance limits shown on the NHDOT Standard Plans. 3.1.4 Reflectorized paint and thermoplastic pavement markings shall be applied in one pass at the width specified; preformed retroreflective pavement marking tape and thermoplastic shall be applied at the full width specified. Unless otherwise speci fied, widths of pavement marking lines shall be as follows:

New Hampshire Department of Transportation Standard Specifications – 2016 Line Type Width - inch Interstate* Applications All Other Applications Centerlines N/A 4 Edgelines 6 4 Lane Lines 6 4 Gore Markings 12 8 Crosswalk Lines N/A 6 Parking Space Markings N/A 4 **Stop Lines N/A 18 * Interstate criteria may be used on other divided highway facilities where shown on the plans or ordered. ** Stop Lines can be applied in three passes if necessary

3.1.5 Newly applied pavement markings shall be protected from traffic until the material has cured. The method of protection shall not constitute a hazard to the traveling public. As a minimum, when striping two -way roadways, an escort vehicle shall precede and another shall follow the pavement marking truck. On one- way divided roadways, at least two escort vehicles shall follow the truck to protect pavement markings from traffic. Additional escort vehicles may be required on multi -lane roadways. Damage to any markings as a result of tracking shall be repaired by the Contractor at no cost to the Department. 3.1.6 The use of pavement markings other than in their final location on wearing course will only be permitted if the marking material is designed to be removed without the use of heat, solvent, grinding or blast treatment, and leaves no visible scar on the surface. 3.1.7 The Contractor shall furnish and have available for the Engineer’s use a pavement temperature gauge. 3.1.8 All clean up and disposal of solvents, residue, and the like shall be the responsibility of the Contractor and shall be performed in accordance with all applicable federal, state and local regulations.

3.2Retroreflective Pavement Marking Paint.

3.2.1 All equipment used for highway striping shall be specifically designed and manufactured for that purpose by a company experienced in the design and manufacture o f such equipment and approved for use. Equipment used for longitudinal lines shall be mounted on a truck having a minimum gross vehicle weight rating of 14,000 lb. with a minimum paint tank capacity of 60 gal, and shall have the capability of placing double lines up to 4 ” in width or single lines up to 12 ” in width in one pass. Each paint tank shall be plainly marked in a prominent place with the maximum filled capacity of the tank. Each tank shall have a mixer or aerator capable of combining and maintai ning the ingredients of the paint into a thoroughly mixed and uniform mass. The paint shall be applied with an atomizing or airless spray type striping machine having the waterbase paint a t a temperature of 105 ºF maximum in the heat exchanger and 85 – 105 ºF at the spray nozzle. Paint shall pass through a screen with a maximum opening of 1/8 “ located before the heat exchanger. A valve accessible for sampling shall be located in the paint feed line between the screen and the heat exchanger. The stripi ng machine shall be equipped with an automatic paint stripe controller having skip -line capability to place broken lines in accordance with 3.1.3 and the NHDOT Standard Plans . A gauge reading paint temperature shall be mounted and conveniently displayed on the equipment. The equipment shall include a mechanical, glass -bead dispenser mounted not more than 12” behind the paint dispenser. All equipment shall be kept in good operating condition. 3.2.1.1 Vehicles and equipment will be subject to inspection by the Bureau of Traffic at their office located in Concord at least once per year prior to the first application of material and as frequently as considered necessary thereafter. Yearly inspection shall be arranged with a ten working day notification. Approved vehicles will receive a seal for that year. If found unfit to function properly, the vehicle will be disapproved for use until correct operating conditions have been obtained. 3.2.2 Immediately before applying the pavement marking paint to the pavement, the Contractor shall ensure the surface is dry and entirely free from dirt, sand, grease, oil, or other matter which would prevent effective adhesion of the paint to th e pavement. 3.2.3 The surface temperature of the pavement shall be a minimum of 40 ºF. 3.2.3.1 Cold Weather Paint. When paint must be applied between the dates of October 15 through April 15 inclusive or on pavement with a surface temperature below 40 ºF , cold weather pain t can be used which does not exceed EPA’s Federal Register/Rules and Regulations New Hampshire Department of Transportation Standard Specifications – 2016 (40 CFR Part 59 [AD -FRL-6149-7] RIN 2060-AE55), as amended, for VOC content limit and shall meet the AASHTO M248 F and requirements noted below. These products shall be applied according to the manufacturer’s requirements. 3.2.3.1.1 The Contractor shall provide a copy of their cold weather paint specification and a sample of each batch to the Bureau of Materials & Research per 708.03 – Approval, Sampling and Testing for approval. Each batch sample shall include lab test results verifying that the paint meets their specification. Refer to the Traffic Paint Batch list for approved cold weather paints. The cold weather paint shall meet the following minimum requirements. Property Test Method Requirement Dry Opacity (contrast ratio) ASTM D2244 – with a wet film thickness of 15 mil

0.96Min.

VOC ASTM D3960 1.25 lb/gal Max. Drying time ASTM D7111 with wet film thickness of 15 mils 15 Minutes max @ 77 ºF 3.2.3.1.2 The thickness of the paint and the bead application shall be at the manufacturers recommendation. This information shall be stated in their specification submittal with batch sample and also provided to the Engineer. 3.2.4 Paint shall be applied to a thickness of 20 mil wet. 3.2.5 Glass beads shall be evenly applied through the entire paint thickness at a rate of 8 pounds to each gallon of water base or alkyd paint. Glass beads shall be applied simultaneously with paint, by pressurized or mechanical drop methods. 3.2.6 All clean up and disposal of solvents, residue, and the like shall be the responsibility of the Contractor and shall be performed in accordance with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations. 3.2.7 The Contractor shall furnish and have available for the Engineer's use the following inspection equipment: Wet Film Thickness Gauge: Scales which range from 2 to 30 mils in 2 mil increments. Pocket Microscope: Scope having a four-part lens system with magnification of 20x and a clip-on accessory light. Striping Calibration Kit: Volumetric bead calibration kit shall be complete with instructions, as manufactured by Potters Industries, Inc., or approved equal. 3.2.7.1 Contractor shall measure all paint tanks (white & yellow) with paint stick prior to painting and after to determine the number of gallons used. Contractor shall also provide the Engineer their footage at the end of striping by zeroing out or recording the footage on their footage meters prior to and at the end of striping. All footage meters shall be able to measure white & yellow separately. 3.2.8 Painted lane lines, edgelines, and centerlines shall have a minimum retroreflectivity of 200 millicandelas for white and 150 millicandelas for yel low. The retroreflectivity measurement will be taken by the Department on lines that are clean and dry within 30 days of application, before any winter maintenance takes place. Retroreflectivity measurements will be taken by the Department for acceptance in accordance with ASTM E 1710. All readings shall be taken with the test instrument centered on the line. A minimum of two groups of 10 retroreflectivity tests will be performed wit hin a 200 ft. length for the first 2 miles of each line length or less pe r project. An additional 10 retroreflectivity tests will be performed fo r each additional 2 mile line length or less. The location of these test groups will be at the selection of the Department. No more than 10% of all tests taken for each line shall be below the minimum retroreflectivity (see chart below). When this requirement is not met, the entire line will be restriped at no additional expense to the Department. The Contractor shall provide traffic control and line cleaning for testing, as requested by the Engineer. Traffic control and line cleaning, will be subsidiary to Item 619 and Item 632 respectively. Project Mileage # Retro Tests Required # Retro Tests to Fail Failure >10% 0-2 miles 20 3 2-4 miles 30 4 4-6 miles 40 5 6-8 miles 50 6 8-10 miles 60 7 10-12 miles 70 8

New Hampshire Department of Transportation Standard Specifications – 2016

3.2.9 All painted pavement markings including cold weather paint shall receive a second application within seven (7) to ten

Retroreflectivity requirements stated in 632.3.2.8 shall be met for each painting application.

3.3Preformed Retroreflective Pavement Marking Tape.

3.3.1 Preformed pavement marking tape shall be applied at locations shown on the plans by mechanical or manual methods. Mechanical applications shall be suitable for all markings. Manual applications shall normally be used for transverse lines, symbols and legends. The manufacturer shall provide technical assistance for equipment operation and maintenance, and product applications. 3.3.2 Preformed pavement marking tape shall be stored and applied as directed by the manufacturer. All markings applied after September 1 of any year shall be applied using the inlay method, unless specifically permitted by the Engineer. Prior to September 1, application by either the inlay or overlay method will be permitted, unless otherwise specified. When the inlay method is used, paving and marking operations shall be coordinated to meet the manufacturer's recommendations. 3.3.2.1 For the inlay method, the pavement markings shall be embedded in the pavement surface with a conventional steel wheel roller. The surface temperature of the pavement shall be within the range specified by the manufacturer and shall not deform or discolor the markings. 3.3.2.2 When applying pavement markings by the overlay method, the pavement surface shall be clean, dry and above the minimum temperature as specified by the manufacturer. The surface shall be broomed clean and all dust shall be removed using compressed air. When required by the manufacturer, a coat of primer/adhesive activator shall be applied. 3.3.3 The Contractor shall provide a copy of the manufacturer's storage and application recommendations and the manufacturer’s certificate of compliance to the Engineer upon delivery of the material to the project. The certificate shall include the process, batch, or lot number(s) and corresponding date(s) of manufacture. 3.3.4 The required quantity of preformed pa vement marking tape shall be available at the project prior to the start of applicable paving operations. 3.3.4.1 Material shall be delivered to the project in original containers. Each container shall be clearly marked to indicate the color of the material, a specific description of the contents, and the process batch or lot numbers. 3.3.4.2 Material found to be discolored or damaged in any way or material manufactured more than one year prior to installation shall not be used.

3.4Retroreflective Thermoplastic Pavement Marking.

3.4.1 Thermoplastic pavement markings shall be applied to the road surface in a molten state by screed/extrusion method with a surface application of glass beads. 3.4.1.1 All equipment used to apply thermoplastic pavement markings shall be constructed to provide continuous uniform heating at temperatures exceeding 400 ºF during mixing and agitation of the material. Equipment used for longitudinal lines shall be mounted on a truck having a minimum gross vehicle weight of 14,000 lb, and shall have the capability of placing double lines up to 4” in width or single lines up to 12 ” in width in one pass. The equipment shall operate so that all mixing and conveying parts, including the line dispensing device, maintains the material at the required plastic temperature. The use of pans, aprons or similar appliances which the dispenser overruns will not be permitted. The striping machine shall be equipped with an automatic stripe controller having skip-line capability to place broken lines in accordance with 3.1.3 and the NHDOT Standard Plans, and a glass bead dispenser located immediately behind the material dispenser. All equipment shall be kept in good operating condition. 3.4.1.2 A special kettle shall be provided for uniformly melting and heating the thermoplastic material. The kettle shall be equipped with an automatic thermostat control device and material thermometer for positive temperature control and to prevent overheating or under heating of the material. The heating kettle and application equipment shall meet the requirements of the National Fire Underwriters, the National Fire Protection Association and state and local authorities. 3.4.2 Immediately before applying the thermoplastic to the pavement, the Contractor shall ensure the surface is dry and entirely free from dirt, sand, grease, oil, or other matter which would prevent effective adhesion of the thermoplastic mater ial to the pavement. 3.4.2.1 When recomme nded by the manufacturer of the thermoplastic material, a primer/sealer shall be applied to the pavement surface prior to the application of the thermoplastic material. The primer shall be void of solvent and water prior to the thermoplastic application. New Hampshire Department of Transportation Standard Specifications – 2016 3.4.3 Thermoplastic pavement marking materials shall not be applied when air and/or pavement surface t emperatures are below 50 ºF, or when the surface of the pavement contains any evidence of moisture. 3.4.4 Thermoplastic material shall be applied to the pavement at a thickness of 125 mils. 3.4.5 Glass beads shall be evenly applied to the surface of the completed marking at a rate of 10 pounds p er 100 square feet of markings. Glass beads shall be applied by pressurized or mechanical drop methods. 3.4.6 Preformed Thermoplastic. Preformed thermoplastic pavement markings shall be a resilient white thermoplastic product with uniformly distributed glass beads throughout the entire cross sectional area. The markings shall be resistant to the detrimental effects of motor fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids etc. The markings can be used for stop lines, legends, symbols, and crosswalks, and shall be capable of being affixed to bituminous concrete pavements by the use of the normal heat of a propane torch. 3.4.6.1 The markings shall be capable of conforming to pavement contours, breaks and faults through the action of traffic at normal pavement temperatures. The markings shall have resealing characteristics , such that they are capable of fusing with themselves and previously applied thermoplastic when heated with the torch. 3.4.6.2 The marking must be able to be applied on pavement with a surface temperature down to 40 ºF without any preheating of the pavement to a specific temperature.

3.5Obliteration of Pavement Markings.

3.5.1 Pavement marking obliteration shall result in a minimum of pavement scar and shall obliterate all evidence of the existing pavement marking material. Removal may be performed by grinding, sand or water blasting, blackout tape, or other method(s) approved by the Engineer that do not materially damage the pavement surface. 3.5.2 “ Painting” over pavement markings with paint, asphalt mixtures or any other material is prohibited. 3.5.3 Removal and disposal of pavement markings including , but not limited to retroreflectorized paint, retroreflective thermoplastic, preformed retroreflective tape and raised pavement markers shall be the responsibility of the Contractor in accordance with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations. Method of Measurement

4.1Retroreflective pavement marking lines of the type and width specified including the second paint application stated in

632.3.2.9 will be measured by the linear foot, to the nearest foot of length of marking applied. 4.1.1 Double lines and combination solid/broken lines will be measured as separate lines according to the length of each individual marking applied.

4.2Retroreflective pavement marking symbols or words of the type specified will be measured by the square foot, to the nearest

0.1 of a square foot of area applied, based on established areas as shown on the Standard Sheets (Plans).

4.3Repair work ordered under 3.1.5 will not be measured.

4.4Raised pavement markers will be measured by each for each marker installed.

4.5Obliterate pavement marking lines of the type specified will be measured by the linear foot, to the nearest foot of length of

marking, with no adjustment for width.

4.6Obliterate pavement marking symbols or words of the type specified will be measured by the square foot, to the nearest 0.1

of a square foot, based on established areas as shown on the Standard Sheets (Plans).

4.7Work ordered under 3.1.1.4 will be measured to the nearest tenth (0.1) of a mile

Basis of Payment

5.1The accepted quantities of retroreflective pavement marking lines of the type and width specified will be paid for at the

Contract unit price per linear foot complete in place. 5.1.1 If preformed retroreflective tape, removable is ordered, and not included in the Contract, it will be paid as provided for in 109.04.

5.2The accepted quantities of retroreflective pavement marking symbol or words of the type specified will be paid at the Contract

unit price per square foot complete in place.

5.3Additional equipment or labor necessary to apply preformed retroreflective pavement marking tape by the inlay method will

be subsidiary.

New Hampshire Department of Transportation Standard Specifications – 2016

5.4The accepted quantities of obliterate pavement marking lines will be paid for at the Contract unit price per li near foot.

Payment will not be made for the removal of removable pavement marking tape.

5.5The accepted quantities of obliterate pavement marking symbols or words of the type specified will be paid for at the Contract

unit price per square foot. Payment will not be made for the removal of removable pavement marking tape. KEY TO ITEM NUMBERS FOR PAVEMENT MARKINGS Item Number Unit .A B C D Item number Section number .A Material B Type of marking C D Width of line .A Material: 0 Retroreflective Paint 1 Preformed Retroreflective Tape, Type I (Removable) 2 Preformed Retroreflective Tape, Type II (Non-Removable) 3 Retroreflective Thermoplastic 4 Blank 5 Preformed Retroreflective Tape, Level I 6 Preformed Retroreflective Tape, Level II

B Type of Marking: 1 Line Linear Foot 2 Symbol Square Foot CD Width of Line 04 4 in Linear Foot 06 6 in Linear Foot 08 8 in Linear Foot 12 12 in Linear Foot 16 16 in Linear Foot 18 18 in Linear Foot 24 24” Linear Foot

.911 Obliterate Pavement Marking, 12” Wide & Under .912 Obliterate Pavement Marking, Over 12” Wide

Examples :

632.0104 Retroreflective Paint Pavement Marking,

Single Solid Line, 4 in Linear Foot

632.3104 Retroreflective Thermoplastic Pavement

Marking, Single Solid Line, 4 in Linear Foot

New Hampshire Department of Transportation Standard Specifications – 2016

Description

This work shall consist of collecting and preparing loam material encountered in the work or obtained from other sources,

and placing the material at the locations shown on the plans or ordered, including necessary excavation for placing loam. Materials

Loam shall consist of loose friable topsoil with no admixture of refuse or material toxic to plant growth. Loam shall be fr ee

of viable parts of prohibited invasive plants listed in Table 3800.1 of part AGR 3800. Loam shall be generally free from stones, lumps, stumps, or similar objects larger than 2” in greatest diameter, subsoil, roots, and weeds. The term as used herein shall mean that portion of the soil profile defined technically as the “ A” horizon by the Soil Science Society of America. The minimum and maximum pH value shall be from 5.5 to 7.6. Loam shall contain a minimum of 3 percent and a maximum of 10 percent of organic matter as determined by loss by ignition. Not more than 65 percent shall pass a No. 200 sieve as determined by the wash test in accordance with ASTM D 1140. In no instance shall more than 20% of that material passing the No. 4 sieve consist of clay size particles. 2.1.1 Natural topsoil not conforming to 2.1 or containing excessive amounts of clay or sand shall be treated by the Contractor to meet those requirements. Construction Requirements

The loam shall be spread upon the previously prepared subgrade surface to the depth of 4” ± 1/2” unless otherwise specified

and shall be raked carefully to remove all objectionable materials. Loam shall be spread in such a manner as to establish a loose, friable seedbed. In order to maintain a consistent grade, loam placed adjacent to lawns or where directed shall be compacted with a roller weighing approximately 100 pounds per foot of roller width. All depressions exposed during the rolling procedure shall be filled with additional loam, and rolled. Method of Measurement

Loam will be measured by the cubic yard as determined by actual surface measurements of the lengths and widths of the

loamed areas multiplied by the depth specified. Measurements will be made to the nearest 0.1 of a cubic yard. Basis of Payment

The accepted quantities of loam of the various depths specified will be paid for at the Contract unit price per cubic yard

complete in place.

Materials used for treating natural topsoil as in 2.1.1 will be subsidiary.

Pay item and unit: 641. Loam Cubic Yard