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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 202 4 Volume 2 TABLE 407 -1 – TACK COAT APPLICATION RATES Surface Type Application Rate (gal/yd2) Diluted Tack Coat Straight Tack Coat New Asphalt Pavement 0.05 - 0.06 0.03 - 0.04 Milled Surfaces and Existing Asphalt Pavement 0.08 - 0.10 0.05 - 0.06 Portland Cement Concrete 0.08 - 0.10 0.05 - 0.06 Vertical Surfaces (curbs, drainage structures, and appurtenances) 0.09 - 0.11 0.06 - 0.07
407-3.03 Sampling. The Engineer will request samples from the Contractor at the frequency listed in
Materials Method 702 -2 Asphalt Emulsion - Quality Assurance . The Engineer will witness the Contractor sampling the material. The sample will represent all material from the same certified lot, placed that day.
407-4 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. The quantity to be measured for payment will be in gallons of
tack coat measured at 60ºF to the nearest gallon. The following formula will be used to calculate material quantity at 60ºF: Volume @ 60ºF = Volume D x [1 - (ΔT x 0.00025)] ΔT = Delivered Temperature (ºF) - 60 Volume D = Quantity at Delivered Temperature (gallons)
407-5 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The unit price bid per gallon for tack coat shall include the cost of all
labor, materials, and equipment necessary to satisfactorily complete the work. The Regional Materials Engineer will evaluate material represented by failing samples. If the Engineer elects to leave the material in place, the Contractor shall receive a pay reduction of 75% of the tack bid price, for the pavement section represented b y the failing sample. Payment will be made under: Item No. Item Pay Unit 407.0102 Diluted Tack Coat Gallon 407.0103 Straight Tack Coat Gallon SECTIONS 408 AND 409 (VACANT) SECTION 410 – CHIP SEAL (Last Revised September, 2016)
410-1 DESCRIPTION. This work shall consist of the construction of a single course chip seal for
pavements and/or shoulders in accordance with the contract documents.
410-2 Materials
410-2.01 Bituminous Materials. The bituminous material shall meet the applicable requirements of
Section 702.
A.Bituminous Material – Pavement and Shoulders. Ensure that the bituminous material is compatible with the selected aggregate; use item 702 -3101P, 702 -3102P or 702 -4101P.
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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 202 4 Volume 2 B. Bituminous Material – Shoulders. For shoulders only, the Contractor shall use item 702 -3301P or 702-4201P.
C.Fog Seal. The Contractor shall provide material meeting the requirements of Section 702, Table 702-7, Diluted Tack Coat; or use an alternate material approved by the Director, Materials Bureau.
410-2.02 Aggregates. The aggregate shall conform to the requirements of §703-02, Coarse Aggregates,
except as modified herein. The aggregate size shall be No. 1ST or No. 1A, as specified. The aggregate’s flakiness index shall meet the requirements of Materials Method 410, Chip Seal Mix Design .
A.Aggregate – Pavement. The aggregate shall meet one of the following requirements:
1.Limestone or a blend of limestone and dolomite having an acid insoluble residue content not less than 20.0%
2.Dolomite.
3.Sandstone, granite, chert, trap rock, ore tailings, or other similar non -carbonate materials.
4.Use gravel or blend two or more of: gravel, limestone, dolomite, sandstone, granite, chert, trap rock, ore tailings, or other similar materials to meet the following requirements:
a.Size 1ST Aggregate. Produce a final blend having noncarbonate plus 1/4 inch particles comprising at least 20.0% of the total aggregate by weight with adjustments to equivalent volumes for materials of different specific gravities.
b.Size 1A Aggregate. Produce a final blend having noncarbonate plus 1/8 inch particles comprising at least 20.0% of the total aggregate by weight with adjustments to equivalent volumes for materials of different specific gravities.
B.Aggregate - Shoulders. The aggregate shall conform to the requirements of §703-02, Coarse Aggregates.
C.Stockpile. Build an aggregate stockpile at a location approved by the Engineer. When blending multiple aggregates, use automated proportioning and blending equipment to produce a uniformly graded stockpile.
410-2.03 Cover Sand. Use cover sand conforming to the requirements of §703-01, Fine Aggregate or
§703-02, Coarse Aggregate except as modified in Table 410 -1 Cover Sand. Table 410 -1 Cover Sand Screen Size Percent Passing 1/8 90-100 No. 200 0-3
410-2.04 Material Sampling and Testing
A.Aggregate Stockpile.
1.Contractor Testing. The Contractor shall perform the following tests and submit the results to
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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 202 4 Volume 2 the Regional Materials Engineer.
a.Obtain three samples, according to ASTM D75, Standard Practice for Sampling Aggregates . Each sample must contain material from each face of the stockpile.
b.Test samples in accordance with AASHTO T 11, Materials Finer than #200 Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing , and AASHTO T 27, Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates . Test results shall be based on the average of three tests.
c.When required, sample and test the aggregate in accordance with Materials Method 28, Friction Aggregate Control and Test Procedures .
d.Determine the aggregate’s flakiness index as defined by Materials Method 410, Chip Seal Mix Design .
2.Department Testing and Approval. The Department may elect to sample the aggregate stockpile prior to allowing the Contractor to begin work. Aggregate is subject to quality assurance (QA) testing by the Regional Materials Engineer. Each day of work, the Department will witness and take possession of an aggregate sample obtained by the Contractor. The sample will be taken from the portion of the stockpile to be used in that day’s production, and represent the entire quantity of aggregate placed that day. The Department will evaluate any material failing QA testing to determine if it will be left in place. Material represented by a sample failing QA testing that is left in place will be subject to pay reductions. Samples shall meet appropriate friction values. All chip seal previously placed with material from a stockpile rejected for non -carbonate or acid insoluble residue content will be rejected.
B.Cover Sand. Sampling and gradation testing of cover sand shall be performed according to the requirements of 410 -2.04 A.1. Copies of test results shall be furnished to the Department prior to applying the cover sand.
C.Bituminous Material. Bituminous material is subject to QA testing by the Materials Bureau. The Engineer will evaluate any material failing QA testing to determine if it will be left in place. Material represented by a sample failing QA testing that is left in place will be subject to pay reductions.
410-2.05 Mix Design. Complete a mix design for pavements and/or shoulders in accordance with
Materials Method 410. A shoulder mix design is required when Contractor operations require the shoulder to be treated separately from the mainline. Mix designs shall be submitted to th e Engineer a minimum of two weeks prior to the start of the work.
410-3 Construction Details
410-3.01 General
A.Weather and Seasonal Limitations. Chip Seal shall be placed during the period from May 1st through September 7th. Material shall not be applied to a pavement surface when the:
1.Surface has standing water or is saturated.
2.Surface temperature is less than 60°F.
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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 202 4 Volume 2 3. Ambient temperature is less than 50°F.
4.Weather conditions would prevent proper construction of the chip seal.
B.Equipment. All equipment shall be maintained in satisfactory working conditions at all times.
1.Sweepers
a.Self -propelled Rotary Power Broom. The self -propelled rotary power broom shall be designed, equipped, maintained and operated so the pavement surface can be swept clean.
b.Self -propelled Pick Up Broom or Vacuum Sweeper. The self -propelled equipment shall be designed, equipped, maintained and operated so that the pavement can be swept clean. Excess aggregate shall be contained in an onboard hopper and disposed of.
2.Bituminous Material Distributor
a.The distributor shall be equipped, maintained, and operated so that bituminous material can be applied uniformly on variable widths up to 15 feet; and at controlled temperature and rates from 0.05 to 0.55 gallons per square yard. Prior to starting work, th e distributor shall be calibrated for transverse and longitudinal application rate by ASTM D 2995, Standard Practice for Estimating Application Rate of Bituminous Distributors , or an equivalent method approved by the Engineer. The Engineer will witness the equipment calibration or require the Contractor to provide documentation certifying the calibration. b.The distributor shall uniformly apply the bituminous material at the specified rate with a maximum allowable variation of 0.02 gallons per square yard.
c.Distributor equipment shall include accurate volume measuring devices or a calibrated tank, and a thermometer for measuring temperatures of tank contents. Distributors shall be equipped with full circulation spray bars adjustable laterally and vertically. The distributor shall be equipped with a bituminous material sampling valve.
3.Aggregate Spreader The aggregate spreader shall be a self -propelled unit capable of uniformly spreading the aggregate at the required rate on a minimum width of 6 inches wider than the width of the lane to be treated. Prior to starting work, the spreader shall be calibrated using ASTM D 5624, Standard Test Method for Determining the Transverse -Aggregate Spread Rate for Surface Treatment Applications . The Engineer will witness the equipment calibration or require the Contractor to provide documentation c ertifying the calibration.
4.Pneumatic Tire Roller Pneumatic tire rollers shall be self -propelled and have oscillating wheels with smooth tread tires and will have a minimum ground contact pressure of 80 psi. The tire pressure for all wheels shall be uniform within ± 5 psi. The rollers shall be operated at a maximum speed of 5 mph. Refer to Table 410 -2 Number of Rollers for the minimum number of rollers required.
C.Surface Preparation. Perform all surface preparations prior to applying the chip seal.
1.Thoroughly clean the entire area to be overlaid of dirt, oil, and other foreign materials. Remove all debris and standing water.
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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 202 4 Volume 2 2. Cover all manhole covers, water boxes, catch basins, and other such utility structures within the area being treated with plastic, building felt, or other material approved by the Engineer. Remove the covers each day.
3.The Contractor shall remove pavement markings.
410-3.02 Chip Seal
A.Application of Bituminous Material. Bituminous material shall be applied in a uniform, continuous spread over the section to be treated and within the temperature range recommended by the manufacturer. The Contractor shall document and report to the Engineer any field changes in application rates from the mix design submittal. Where longitudinal joints are to occur, the application of bituminous material from the initial pass shall extend 6 inches beyond the area to be covered with aggregate. Subsequent passes of the bituminous spreader shall overlap the exposed bituminous material an d the edge of the initial aggregate pass. Uncovered bituminous material shall not be exposed to traffic. All bituminous material shall be covered with aggregate before opening to traffic. The distributor shall be moving forward at proper application speed at the time the spray bar is opened. If any skipped areas or deficiencies occur, the operation shall be immediately stopped. The bituminous material shall not be applied more than 200 feet in advance of the self -propelled aggregate spreader. The distributor, when not spreading, shall be parked so that the spray bar or mechanism will not drip bituminous material on the surface of the roadway.
B.Application of Cover Aggregate. Immediately following the application of the bituminous material, cover aggregate shall be spread at the rate established by the Contractor in the mix design. The Contractor shall document and report to the Engineer any field changes in application rates f rom the mix design submittal. Spreading shall be accomplished in such a manner that construction equipment or other vehicles shall not drive on the uncovered and newly applied bituminous material. Any free bituminous mate rial on the surface caused by a deficient amount of cover aggregate shall be covered by broadcasting additional aggregate over the deficient area. Longitudinal joints shall be parallel to the centerline. Ensure that longitudinal joints will correspond with the edges of the proposed traffic lane. Where any construction joint occurs, the edges shall be broomed back and blended so there are no gaps and the elevations are the same, and free from ridges and depressions. Initial rolling of cover aggregate shall occur within 5 minutes after the application of bituminous material. Cover aggregate shall receive a minimum of three roller passes within 30 minutes of bituminous material application. Use Table 410 -2 Number of Rol lers to determine the minimum number of rollers required: Table 410 -2 Number of Rollers Overlay width (feet) Number of Rollers (minimum) ≤ 6 1 > 6 ≤ 9 2 > 9 ≤ 12 3 > 12 4
C.Sweeping. Prior to opening the roadway to unguided traffic, sweep loose stone from the newly treated surface. Additional sweeping shall be performed as directed by the Engineer during a 5 -day
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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 202 4 Volume 2 period following placement of the chip seal.
D.Opening to Traffic. After chip seal application, controlled traffic may be permitted at the Contractor’s option. Traffic shall be maintained at a speed not to exceed 15 mph for a period of 3 hours after placement of the chip seal by the use of pilot vehicles or an alternative method approved by the Engineer.
1.Traffic Advisory Signs - immediately after completion of the chip seal, the section shall be signed with black on orange W8 -7 LOOSE STONE signs and black on orange 30 MPH W13 -1P advisory speed plaques for a period of seven days. The warning sign and the advisory speed plaque shall be installed on the same post as specified in the MUTCD. The signs shall be posted at ½ mile intervals. The first sign shall be posted in adva nce of the section in accordance with the MUTCD. The day and night visibility of the sign assemblies shall be enhanced by either 18 inch square orange flags for daytime visibility and low intensity Type A flashing warning lights for night visibility or high intensity Type B flashing warning lights for 24 hour visibility. Use Table 410 -3 Pilot Vehicles to determine the number of pilot vehicles required: Table 410 -3 Pilot Vehicles Lane Miles Surfaced In Previous Three Hours Number of Pilot Vehicles < 2 1 ≥ 2 2
E.Application of Fog Seal. Prior to applying fog seal, the surface shall be swept. Follow the requirements of Application of Bituminous Material. The fog seal application rate is 0.05 to 0.15 gallons per square yard.
F.Application of Cover Sand. Within 5 minutes of applying the fog seal, spread the cover sand uniformly over the fog seal at an application rate of 2 -5 pounds per square yard.
G.Opening to Traffic After Fog Seal and Cover Sand. The Contractor shall determine when traffic may be permitted on the treated chip seal. More time may be required for areas with limited exposure to sunlight.
410-4 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. The quantity of chip seal to be measured for payment will be
square yards of material in place, making no deductions for minor untreated areas such as catch basins and manholes. The bituminous material for the chip seal will be measured by the number of 60°F gallons incorporated in the work. The bituminous material for the fog seal will be measured by the number of 60°F gallons incorporated in the work. The following formula will be used to calculate bituminous material quantity at 60°F: Volume @ 60°F = Volume D x [1 - (ΔT x 0.00025)] Where: ΔT = Delivered Temperature (°F) – 60 Volume D = Quantity Delivered (gallons)
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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 202 4 Volume 2 Cover Sand will be measured by the number of square yards of material in place, making no deductions for minor untreated areas such as catch basins and manholes.
410-5 BASIS OF PAYMENT. The unit price bid per square yard for chip seal shall include the cost of
all labor, materials and equipment necessary to perform the work. Pavement cleaning, pavement marking removal, work zone traffic control and pilot vehicles will be paid for separate ly. If QA test results for aggregate exceed the rejection limit in Table 410 -4, the Regional Materials Engineer will evaluate if the material can remain in place. If the material is left in place, the chip seal item will be subject to a reduction in payment ac cording to Table 410 -4: TABLE 410 -4 CHIP SEAL PAY TABLE 1ST Aggregate Pay Reduction Rejection Limit % Passing 1/2 Sieve (100 – X) * 10 < 97 1/4 Sieve (X – 15) * 5 > 20 200 Sieve (X – 1.5) * 50 > 2 Flakiness Index (X – 25) * 5 > 30 1A Aggregate Pay Reduction Rejection Limit % Passing 1/2 Sieve (100 – X) * 10 < 97 1/4 Sieve (90 – X) * 5 < 85 1/8 Sieve (X – 15) * 5 > 20 200 Sieve (X – 1.5) * 50 > 2 Flakiness Index (X – 25) * 5 > 30 X = QA % Passing test value. Negative values indicate full payment. The QA results for the 200 sieve and Flakiness Index will be calculated to the nearest tenth. All other QA values will be rounded to the nearest whole number. Bituminous material used for chip seal will be paid for under a separate item as the number of 60°F gallons of material used. Bituminous material for the fog seal will be paid for under a separate item as the number of 60°F gallons of material used. The Engineer will evaluate any bituminous material failing QA testing to determine if it will be left in place. If the material is left in place, the bituminous material will be subject to a reduction in payment according to Table 410 -5: Table 410 -5 Bituminous Material Pay Table Number of Failing QA Test Results Pay Reduction of Bituminous Material Item 1 15% 2 25% Cover sand will be paid for under a separate item.
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NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Sections 200 - 599 STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS (USC) January 1, 202 4 Volume 2 Payment will be made under: Item No. Item Pay Unit 410.10 Chip Seal (1A) Square Yard 410.20 Chip Seal (1ST) Square Yard 410.30 Bituminous Material (Chip Seal) Gallons 410.40 Bituminous Material (Fog Seal) Gallons 410.50 Cover Sand Square Yard 410.60 Pick Up Broom or Vacuum Sweeper Each SECTION 411 - STABILIZED GRAVEL SURFACE COURSE (Last Revised January, 2020)
411-1 DESCRIPTION. The work shall consist of placing a stabilized gravel surface course with
additive, if specified, on a prepared base in accordance with these specifications and in conformance with the lines and grades shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer.
411-2 Materials
411-2.01 Gravel. The gravel shall conform to the following gradation requirements:
Sieve Size Percent Passing by Weight 2 in 100 1/4 in 30 - 65 No. 200 10 - 20 Particles passing the No. 40 sieve size shall have a maximum liquid limit of 30 and a plasticity index ranging from 3 to 8. The maximum loss in 4 cycles of the Magnesium Sulfate Soundness Test shall be
30.If the gravel as obtained from the bank is deficient in any of the requireme nts specified, such deficiency shall be corrected by screening, processing and/or blending with other acceptable materials before stockpiling. The requirements of § 733-04 B , Stockpiling shall apply to all gravel furnished for t his work.
411-2.02 Chemical Additives. Chemical additives, if required, shall meet the applicable requirements of
the following subsections: Calcium Chloride 712-02 Sodium Chloride 712-03
411-3 Construction Details
411-3.01 Placement. After the base has been brought to grade and cross section, as shown on the plans,
thoroughly compacted, and approved by the Engineer, the Contractor shall place the stabilized gravel surface course. When calcium or sodium chloride additives are specified, they shall be added by an approved mechanical distributor after the gravel has been spread and prior to the addition of water. Calcium chloride shall be added in the amount of 1/2 pound per square yard per inch of compacted thickness of the course. Sodium chloride shall be added at a rate of 2 pounds per square yard per inch of compacted thickness of the course which is equivalent to approximately 2% of sodium chloride based on dry weight of aggregate. Water shall then be added to the material in amounts as directed by the Engineer. If the Contractor so elects, only the calcium chloride may be added to the gravel material as a water solution. In such cases the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a detailed description in writing of the
Source: New York Standard Specifications, 2024 Edition. Pages 165–171 of 1,264.